Position-effect variegation: Difference between revisions
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'''Position-effect variegation (PEV)''' is a [[variegation (histology)|variegation]] caused by the silencing of a [[gene]] in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with [[heterochromatin]] via rearrangement or [[transposition]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elgin|first=Sarah C.R.|last2=Reuter|first2=Gunter|date=2013-8|title=Position-Effect Variegation, Heterochromatin Formation, and Gene Silencing in Drosophila|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721279/|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology|volume=5|issue=8|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a017780|issn=1943-0264|pmc=PMC3721279|pmid=23906716}}</ref> |
'''Position-effect variegation (PEV)''' is a [[variegation (histology)|variegation]] caused by the silencing of a [[gene]] in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with [[heterochromatin]] via rearrangement or [[transposition]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Elgin|first=Sarah C.R.|last2=Reuter|first2=Gunter|date=2013-8|title=Position-Effect Variegation, Heterochromatin Formation, and Gene Silencing in Drosophila|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721279/|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology|volume=5|issue=8|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a017780|issn=1943-0264|pmc=PMC3721279|pmid=23906716}}</ref> |
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The classical example is the ''[[Drosophila]]'' w[m4] (speak white-mottled-4) [[Chromosomal translocation|translocation]]. In this [[mutation]], an [[Chromosomal inversion|inversion]] on the [[X chromosome]] places the ''white'' gene next to pericentric heterochromatin. Normally, the ''white'' gene is expressed in every cell of the adult ''Drosophila'' eye resulting in a red eye [[phenotype]]. In the w[m4] mutant the eye color is variegated (red-white mosaic colored) where the ''white'' gene is expressed in some cells in the eyes and not in others. The mutation was described first by [[Hermann Joseph Muller|Hermann Muller]] in 1930.<ref>{{cite journal |
The classical example is the ''[[Drosophila]]'' w[m4] (speak white-mottled-4) [[Chromosomal translocation|translocation]]. In this [[mutation]], an [[Chromosomal inversion|inversion]] on the [[X chromosome]] places the ''white'' gene next to pericentric heterochromatin, or a sequence of repeats that becomes heterochromatic<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Vogel|first=Maartje J.|last2=Pagie|first2=Ludo|last3=Talhout|first3=Wendy|last4=Nieuwland|first4=Marja|last5=Kerkhoven|first5=Ron M.|last6=van Steensel|first6=Bas|date=2009-01-29|title=High-resolution mapping of heterochromatin redistribution in a Drosophila position-effect variegation model|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-8935-2-1|journal=Epigenetics & Chromatin|volume=2|pages=1|doi=10.1186/1756-8935-2-1|issn=1756-8935}}</ref>. Normally, the ''white'' gene is expressed in every cell of the adult ''Drosophila'' eye resulting in a red eye [[phenotype]]. In the w[m4] mutant the eye color is variegated (red-white mosaic colored) where the ''white'' gene is expressed in some cells in the eyes and not in others. The mutation was described first by [[Hermann Joseph Muller|Hermann Muller]] in 1930.<ref>{{cite journal|author=[[Hermann Joseph Muller|Hermann J. Muller]]|year=1930|title=Types of visible variations induced by X-rays in Drosophila|journal=Journal of Genetics|publisher=Springer India|volume=22|issue=3|pages=299–334|doi=10.1007/BF02984195}}</ref> |
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Typically, the barrier DNA sequences prevent the heterochromatic region from spreading into the euchromatin but they are no longer present in the flies that inherit certain chromosomal rearrangements.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Molecular biology of the cell|last=|first=|publisher=Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, an informa business, |
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711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, US |
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3 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN, UK|year=2015|isbn=978-0-8153-4432-2|location=the United States of America|pages=195}}</ref> |
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Apart from ''Drosophila'', PEV is also seen in |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 14:57, 25 October 2017
Position-effect variegation (PEV) is a variegation caused by the silencing of a gene in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with heterochromatin via rearrangement or transposition.[1]
The classical example is the Drosophila w[m4] (speak white-mottled-4) translocation. In this mutation, an inversion on the X chromosome places the white gene next to pericentric heterochromatin, or a sequence of repeats that becomes heterochromatic[2]. Normally, the white gene is expressed in every cell of the adult Drosophila eye resulting in a red eye phenotype. In the w[m4] mutant the eye color is variegated (red-white mosaic colored) where the white gene is expressed in some cells in the eyes and not in others. The mutation was described first by Hermann Muller in 1930.[3]
Typically, the barrier DNA sequences prevent the heterochromatic region from spreading into the euchromatin but they are no longer present in the flies that inherit certain chromosomal rearrangements.[4]
Apart from Drosophila, PEV is also seen in
See also
References
- ^ Elgin, Sarah C.R.; Reuter, Gunter (2013-8). "Position-Effect Variegation, Heterochromatin Formation, and Gene Silencing in Drosophila". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 5 (8). doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017780. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 3721279. PMID 23906716.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Vogel, Maartje J.; Pagie, Ludo; Talhout, Wendy; Nieuwland, Marja; Kerkhoven, Ron M.; van Steensel, Bas (2009-01-29). "High-resolution mapping of heterochromatin redistribution in a Drosophila position-effect variegation model". Epigenetics & Chromatin. 2: 1. doi:10.1186/1756-8935-2-1. ISSN 1756-8935.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Hermann J. Muller (1930). "Types of visible variations induced by X-rays in Drosophila". Journal of Genetics. 22 (3). Springer India: 299–334. doi:10.1007/BF02984195.
- ^ Molecular biology of the cell. the United States of America: Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, an informa business,
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, US
3 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN, UK. 2015. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-8153-4432-2.
{{cite book}}: line feed character in|publisher=at position 67 (help)
Additional Selected References
- Aagaard L., Laible G., Selenko P., Schmid M., Dorn R., Schotta G., Kuhfittig S., Wolf A., Lebersorger A., Singh P. B., Reuter G., Jenuwein T. (1999). "Functional mammalian homologues of the Drosophila PEV-modifier Su(var)3- 9 encode centromere-associated proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31". EMBO J. 18 (7): 1923–38. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.7.1923. PMC 1171278. PMID 10202156.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Buchner K., Roth P., Schotta G., Krauss V., Saumweber H., Reuter G., Dorn R. (2000). "Genetic and molecular complexity of the position effect variegation modifier mod(mdg4) in Drosophila". Genetics. 155 (1): 141–57. PMC 1461079. PMID 10790390.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Dorn R., Krauss V., Reuter G., Saumweber H. (1993). "The enhancer of position-effect variegation of Drosophila, E(var)3-93D, codes for a chromatin protein containing a conserved domain common to several transcriptional regulators". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 90 (23): 11376–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.23.11376. PMC 47985. PMID 8248257.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Ebert A., Schotta G., Lein S., Kubicek S., Krauss V., Jenuwein T., Reuter G. (2004). "Su(var) genes regulate the balance between euchromatin and heterochromatin in Drosophila". Genes Dev. 18 (23): 2973–83. doi:10.1101/gad.323004. PMC 534657. PMID 15574598.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Eissenberg J. C., Morris G. D., Reuter G., Hartnett T. (1992). "The heterochromatin-associated protein HP-1 is an essential protein in Drosophila with dosage-dependent effects on position-effect variegation". Genetics. 131 (2): 345–352. PMC 1205009. PMID 1644277.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Jenuwein T., Laible G., Dorn R., Reuter G. (1998). "SET domain proteins modulate chromatin domains in eu- and heterochromatin". Cell Mol Life Sci. 54 (1): 80–93. doi:10.1007/s000180050127. PMID 9487389.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Schotta G., Ebert A., Krauss V., Fischer A., Hoffmann J., Rea S., Jenuwein T., Dorn R., Reuter G. (2002). "Central role of Drosophila SU(VAR)3-9 in histone H3-K9 methylation and heterochromatic gene silencing". EMBO J. 21 (5): 1121–31. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.5.1121. PMC 125909. PMID 11867540.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Tschiersch B., Hofmann A., Krauss V., Dorn R., Korge G., Reuter G. (1994). "The protein encoded by the Drosophila position-effect variegation suppressor gene Su(var)3-9 combines domains of antagonistic regulators of homeotic gene complexes". EMBO J. 13 (16): 3822–31. PMC 395295. PMID 7915232.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)