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'''Totally drug-resistant tuberculosis''' ('''TDR-TB''') is a generic term for [[tuberculosis]] strains that are resistant to a wider range of drugs than strains classified as [[extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis]]. TDR-TB has been identified in three countries; India, Iran, and Italy. The emergence of TDR-TB has been documented in four major publications.<ref>Migliori GB, De Iaco G, Besozzi G, Centis R, Cirillo DM. First tuberculosis cases in Italy resistant to all tested drugs. Euro Surveill. 2007;12(20):pii=3194. Available online: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=3194 </ref><ref name="Rowland2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.nature.com/news/totally-drug-resistant-tb-emerges-in-india-1.9797|title=Totally drug-resistant TB emerges in India|author=Katherine Rowland|publisher=Nature|date=13 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Velayati | first1 = A. A. | last2 = Masjedi | first2 = M. R. | last3 = Farnia | first3 = P. | last4 = Tabarsi | first4 = P. | last5 = Ghanavi | first5 = J. | last6 = Ziazarifi | first6 = A. H. | last7 = Hoffner | first7 = S. E. | doi = 10.1378/chest.08-2427 | title = Emergence of New Forms of Totally Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Bacilli: Super Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis or Totally Drug-Resistant Strains in Iran | journal = Chest | volume = 136 | issue = 2 | pages = 420–425 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19349380 | pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Udwadia | first1 = Z. F. | last2 = Amale | first2 = R. A. | last3 = Ajbani | first3 = K. K. | last4 = Rodrigues | first4 = C. | title = Totally Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in India | doi = 10.1093/cid/cir889 | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 54 | issue = 4 | pages = 579 | year = 2011 | pmid = 22190562| pmc = }}</ref> However, it is not yet recognised by the World Health Organization.
'''Totally drug-resistant tuberculosis''' ('''TDR-TB''') is a generic term for [[tuberculosis]] strains that are resistant to a wider range of drugs than strains classified as [[extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis]]. TDR-TB has been identified in three countries; India, Iran, and Italy. The emergence of TDR-TB has been documented in four major publications.<ref name=pmid17868596>{{cite journal |doi=10.2807/esw.12.20.03194-en }}</ref><ref name="Rowland2012">{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nature.2012.9797 }}</ref><ref name=pmid19349380>{{cite journal |doi=10.1378/chest.08-2427 }}</ref><ref name=pmid22190562>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/cid/cir889 }}</ref> However, it is not yet recognised by the World Health Organization.
TDR-TB has resulted from further mutations within the bacterial genome to confer resistance, beyond those seen in XDR- and MDR-TB. Development of resistance is associated with poor management of cases. Drug resistance testing occurs in only 9% of TB cases worldwide. Without testing to determine drug resistance profiles, MDR- or XDR-TB patients may develop resistance to additional drugs.<ref name="Rowland2012"/> TDR-TB is relatively poorly documented, as many countries do not test patient samples against a broad enough range of drugs to diagnose such a comprehensive array of resistance. The [[United Nations]]' Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases has set up a '''TDR Tuberculosis Specimen Bank''' to archive specimens of TDR-TB.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Nathanson | first1 = C. M. | last2 = Cuevas | first2 = L. E. | last3 = Cunningham | first3 = J. | last4 = Perkins | first4 = M. D. | last5 = Peeling | first5 = R. W. | last6 = Guillerm | first6 = M. | last7 = Moussy | first7 = F. | last8 = Ramsay | first8 = A. | title = The TDR Tuberculosis Specimen Bank: A resource for diagnostic test developers | journal = The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease | volume = 14 | issue = 11 | pages = 1461–1467 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20937188}}</ref>
TDR-TB has resulted from further mutations within the bacterial genome to confer resistance, beyond those seen in XDR- and MDR-TB. Development of resistance is associated with poor management of cases. Drug resistance testing occurs in only 9% of TB cases worldwide. Without testing to determine drug resistance profiles, MDR- or XDR-TB patients may develop resistance to additional drugs.<ref name="Rowland2012"/> TDR-TB is relatively poorly documented, as many countries do not test patient samples against a broad enough range of drugs to diagnose such a comprehensive array of resistance. The [[United Nations]]' Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases has set up a '''TDR Tuberculosis Specimen Bank''' to archive specimens of TDR-TB.<ref name=pmid20937188>{{cite journal |pmid=20937188 |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/openurl?genre=article&eissn=1815-7920&volume=14&issue=&spage=1461&epage=1467&aulast=Nathanson }}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://crdd.osdd.net/oscadd/mdri/ MDRIpred] : Designing inhibitors against drug tolerant M. Tuberculosis, [http://journal.chemistrycentral.com/content/7/1/49/abstract Chemistry Central Journal 2013, 7:49]
* [http://crdd.osdd.net/oscadd/mdri/ MDRIpred]
*{{cite journal |doi=10.1186/1752-153X-7-49 }}




Revision as of 13:44, 25 February 2018

Totally drug-resistant tuberculosis (TDR-TB) is a generic term for tuberculosis strains that are resistant to a wider range of drugs than strains classified as extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. TDR-TB has been identified in three countries; India, Iran, and Italy. The emergence of TDR-TB has been documented in four major publications.[1][2][3][4] However, it is not yet recognised by the World Health Organization.

TDR-TB has resulted from further mutations within the bacterial genome to confer resistance, beyond those seen in XDR- and MDR-TB. Development of resistance is associated with poor management of cases. Drug resistance testing occurs in only 9% of TB cases worldwide. Without testing to determine drug resistance profiles, MDR- or XDR-TB patients may develop resistance to additional drugs.[2] TDR-TB is relatively poorly documented, as many countries do not test patient samples against a broad enough range of drugs to diagnose such a comprehensive array of resistance. The United Nations' Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases has set up a TDR Tuberculosis Specimen Bank to archive specimens of TDR-TB.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ . doi:10.2807/esw.12.20.03194-en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ a b . doi:10.1038/nature.2012.9797. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ^ . doi:10.1378/chest.08-2427. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ^ . doi:10.1093/cid/cir889. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. ^ . PMID 20937188 http://www.ingentaconnect.com/openurl?genre=article&eissn=1815-7920&volume=14&issue=&spage=1461&epage=1467&aulast=Nathanson. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)

External links

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