List of Christians in science and technology: Difference between revisions
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This is a '''list of Christians in science and technology'''. Persons in this list should have their Christianity as relevant to their notable activities or public life, and who have publicly identified themselves as Christians or as of a Christian denomination. |
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To achieve its goals each name must have a credible source or in least an explanatory note. If you can find multiple sources this is better, but it is not a requirement. However sourcing is necessary to show that their Christianity is notable to their place in history. |
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All these provisos noted there are aids to ease the adding of names to this list. At the bottom of this page potential sources are listed that you can use. Added to this several McTutor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/BiogIndex.html|title=Indexes of Biographies|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> mathematician biographies mention if the mathematician or scientist did Christian religious or theological works. An effort should be made to assure that all entries on the list have proper references, but additions are welcome. |
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Finally |
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== Before the eighteenth century == |
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{{see also|List of medieval European scientists|Byzantine science|Scientific revolution}} |
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[[File:Ildegarda Von Bingen.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Hildegard of Bingen]]]] |
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[[File:Robert Grosseteste.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Robert Grosseteste]]]] |
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[[File:Nicholas of Cusa.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Nicholas of Cusa]]]] |
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[[File:Otto Brunfels.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Otto Brunfels]]]] |
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[[File:Francis Bacon.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Francis Bacon]]]] |
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[[File:Nicolaus Copernicus.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Nicolaus Copernicus]]]] |
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[[File:Niels stensen.png|thumb|100px|[[Nicolas Steno]]]] |
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[[File:Galileo Galilei.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Galileo Galilei]]]] |
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[[File:Blaise Pascal Versailles.JPG|thumb|100px|[[Blaise Pascal]]]] |
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[[File:Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Gottfried Leibniz]]]] |
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[[File:Emanuel Swedenborg.PNG|thumb|100px|[[Emanuel Swedenborg]]]] |
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[[File:Robert Boyle.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Robert Boyle]]]] |
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[[File:Isaac Newton.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Isaac Newton]]]] |
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[[File:Johannes Kepler.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Johannes Kepler]]]] |
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[[File:Antoine lavoisier color.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Antoine Lavoisier]]]] |
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[[File:Alessandro Volta.jpeg|thumb|100px|[[Alessandro Volta]]]] |
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[[File:Ampere Andre 1825.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[André-Marie Ampère]]]] |
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[[File:Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann.jpeg|thumb|100px|right|[[Bernhard Riemann]]]] |
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[[File:Michael Faraday.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Michael Faraday]]]] |
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[[File:Charles Babbage - 1860.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Charles Babbage]]]] |
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[[File:James Clerk Maxwell.png|right|thumb|100 px|[[James Clerk Maxwell]]<ref name="MIT IAP Seminar">{{cite web |url=http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/maxwell |title=James Clerk Maxwell and the Christian Proposition |publisher=MIT IAP Seminar |accessdate=13 October 2014}}</ref>]] |
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[[File:Lord Kelvin photograph.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Lord Kelvin]]]] |
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[[File:Joule James sitting.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[James Prescott Joule]]]] |
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[[File:Osservatorio ximeniano, giuseppe mercalli sul vesuvio.JPG|right|thumb|100 px|[[Giuseppe Mercalli]]]] |
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[[File:Roentgen2.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Wilhelm Röntgen]]]] |
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[[File:Louis Pasteur by Pierre Lamy Petit.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Louis Pasteur]]]] |
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[[File:Gregor Mendel.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Gregor Mendel]]]] |
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[[File:Alexis Carrel.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Alexis Carrel ]]]] |
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[[File:Guglielmo Marconi.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Guglielmo Marconi]]]] |
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[[File:Max Born.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Max Born]]]] |
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[[File:Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262,_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Werner Heisenberg]]]] |
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[[File:Pascual Jordan 1920s.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Pascual Jordan]]]] |
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[[File:Phillipp Lenard in 1900.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Philipp Lenard]]]] |
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[[File:Ernest Rutherford LOC.jpg|thumb|100 px|[[Ernest Rutherford]]]] |
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[[File:Max Planck 1933.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Max Planck]]<ref>Erich Dinkler, ''Planck, Max'', in ''Die Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart'', Third Edition, Volume V, Tübingen (Germany), 1961, col. 404-405</ref>]] |
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[[File:Arthur Compton 1927.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Arthur Compton]]]] |
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[[File:Robert Andrews Millikan.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Robert Andrews Millikan]]]] |
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[[File:Ernest Walton.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Ernest Walton]]]] |
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[[File:Eccles_lab.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[John Eccles (neurophysiologist)|John Eccles]]]] |
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[[File:Karl Landsteiner nobel.jpg|100px|right|thumb|[[Karl Landsteiner]]]] |
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[[File:Lise Meitner (1878-1968), lecturing at Catholic University, Washington, D.C., 1946.jpg|right|100px|thumb|[[Lise Meitner]]]] |
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[[File:Artur Schawlow, Stanford University.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]]]] |
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[[File:Wernher von Braun.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Wernher von Braun ]]]] |
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[[File:Antoninozichichi.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Antonino Zichichi]]]] |
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[[File:Father Jaki June 2007.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Stanley Jaki]]]] |
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[[File:John Lennox.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[John Lennox]]]] |
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[[File:Panel Discussion Close-up, Science, Faith, and Technology Cropped.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Rosalind Picard]]]] |
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[[File:johnpolkinghorne.jpg|thumb|100px|[[John Polkinghorne]]]] |
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[[File:Don Page.jpg|thumb|100px|[[Don Page (physicist)|Don Page]]]] |
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[[File:Robert_Wicks.0609.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Robert Wicks]]]] |
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[[File:Professor James Tour.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[James Tour]]]] |
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[[File:Colin Humphreys 2015 cropped.JPG|thumb|right|100px|[[Colin Humphreys]]]] |
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[[File:Dr._Martin_Nowak.jpg|100px|right|thumb|[[Martin Nowak]]]] |
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[[File:Richard Smalley.jpg|thumb|100px|right|[[Richard Smalley]]]] |
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[[File:Francis Collins official portrait.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Francis Collins ]]]] |
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[[File:Fred Brooks.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Fred Brooks]]]] |
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[[File:Werner Arber at Biozentrum, University of Basel (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Werner Arber]]]] |
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[[File:Peter Agre.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Peter Agre]]]] |
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[[File:Prof Ertl-Portrait.jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Gerhard Ertl ]]]] |
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[[File:Brian Kobilka (649437151).jpg|right|thumb|100 px|[[Brian Kobilka]]]] |
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[[File:John Gurdon Cambridge 2012.JPG|thumb|right|100px|[[John Gurdon]]]] |
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[[File:Charles Hard Townes-Nibib-2007-retouched.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Charles Hard Townes]]]] |
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[[File:William D. Phillips.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[William D. Phillips]]]] |
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[[File:Peter Gruenberg 01.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Peter Gruenberg]]]] |
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[[File:William C. Campbell 4983-1-2015.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[William C. Campbell (scientist)|William C. Campbell]]]] |
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[[File:JuanMaldacena.jpg|thumb|right|100px|[[Juan Maldacena]]]] |
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*[[Hildegard of Bingen]] (1098–1179): also known as Saint Hildegard and Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess. She is considered to be the founder of scientific natural history in Germany<ref>{{cite book|last=Jöckle|first=Clemens|title=Encyclopedia of Saints|year=2003|publisher=Konecky & Konecky|pages=204}}</ref> |
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*[[Robert Grosseteste]] (c.1175–1253): [[Bishop of Lincoln]], he was the central character of the English intellectual movement in the first half of the 13th century and is considered the founder of scientific thought in [[Oxford]]. He had a great interest in the natural world and wrote texts on the mathematical sciences of [[optics]], [[astronomy]] and [[geometry]]. He affirmed that experiments should be used in order to verify a theory, testing its consequences and added greatly to the development of the scientific method.<ref>A. C. Crombie, ''Robert Grosseteste and the Origins of Experimental Science 1100–1700'', (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971)</ref> |
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*[[Albertus Magnus]] (c.1193–1280): [[Patron saint]] of scientists in Catholicism who may have been the first to isolate [[arsenic]]. He wrote that: "''Natural science does not consist in ratifying what others have said, but in seeking the causes of phenomena.''" Yet he rejected elements of Aristotelianism that conflicted with Catholicism and drew on his faith as well as Neo-Platonic ideas to "balance" "troubling" Aristotelian elements.<ref group=note>In 1252 he helped appoint Thomas Aquinas to a Dominican theological chair in Paris to lead the suppression of these dangerous ideas.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Lang |first=Helen S. |title=Aristotle's Physics and Its Medieval Varieties |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=1992 |isbn=0-7914-1083-8}} and {{cite book |last=Goldstone |first=Lawrence |last2=Goldstone |first2=Nancy |title=The Friar and the Cipher |publisher=Doubleday |year=2005 |isbn=0-7679-1472-4}}</ref> |
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*[[Jean Buridan]] (1300–58): was a [[France|French]] philosopher and priest. One of his most significant contributions to science was the development of the [[theory of impetus]], that explained the movement of projectiles and objects in [[free-fall]]. This theory gave way to the [[dynamics (mechanics)|dynamics]] of [[Galileo Galilei]] and for [[Isaac Newton]]'s famous principle of [[Inertia]]. |
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*[[Nicole Oresme]] (c.1323–1382): Theologian and [[bishop of Lisieux]], he was one of the early founders and popularizers of modern sciences. One of his many scientific contributions is the discovery of the curvature of light through atmospheric [[refraction]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia |editors=Thomas F. Glick, Steven John Livesey, & Faith Wallis |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |isbn=0-415-96930-1}}</ref> |
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*[[Nicholas of Cusa]] (1401–1464): Catholic [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] and theologian who made contributions to the field of mathematics by developing the concepts of the infinitesimal and of relative motion. His philosophical speculations also anticipated [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]]’ [[Heliocentrism|heliocentric]] world-view.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cusa.html|title=Cusa summary|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021123330/http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Cusa.html|archivedate=21 October 2014|df=}}</ref> |
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*[[Otto Brunfels]] (1488–1534): A theologian and botanist from [[Mainz]], Germany. His ''Catalogi virorum illustrium'' is considered to be the first book on the history of evangelical sects that had broken away from the Catholic Church. In botany his ''Herbarum vivae icones'' helped earn him acclaim as one of the "fathers of botany".<ref>Meyers Konversationslexikon 1888–1889, Jahn, I. Geschichte der Biologie. Spektrum 2000, and |
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Mägdefrau, K. Geschichte der Botanik. Fischer 1992</ref> |
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*[[William Turner (naturalist)|William Turner]] (c.1508–1568): He is sometimes called the "father of English botany" and was also an ornithologist. Religiously he was arrested for preaching in favor of the Reformation. He later became a Dean of [[Wells Cathedral]], but was expelled for nonconformity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/turner_wil.html|title=The Galileo Project|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Ignazio Danti]] (1536–1586): As [[bishop of Alatri]] he convoked a diocesan synod to deal with abuses. He was also a mathematician who wrote on [[Euclid]], an astronomer, and a designer of mechanical devices.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Danti.html|title=Danti biography|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Francis Bacon]] (1561–1626): Considered among the fathers of empiricism and is credited with establishing the inductive method of experimental science via what is called the [[scientific method]] today.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Baconian System of Philosophy|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02192a.htm|publisher=Catholic Encyclopedia}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gascoigne |first1=John |editor1-last=Cusack |editor1-first=Carole M. |editor2-last=Hartney |editor2-first=Christopher |title=Religion and Retributive Logic |date=2010 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=9789047441151 |pages=209–228 |chapter=The Religious Thought of Francis Bacon}}</ref> |
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*[[Galileo Galilei]] (1564–1642): was an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance.<ref>Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina</ref><ref>Recantation (22 June 1633) as quoted in [http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/galileo/recantation.html ''The Crime of Galileo'' (1955) by Giorgio de Santillana, p. 312]</ref> |
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*[[Laurentius Paulinus Gothus|Laurentius Gothus]] (1565–1646): A professor of astronomy and [[Archbishop of Uppsala]]. He wrote on astronomy and theology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.astro.uu.se/history/gothus.html|title=Laurentius Paulinus Gothus (1565-1646)|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Pierre Gassendi]] (1592–1655): Catholic priest who tried to reconcile [[Atomism]] with Christianity. He also published the first work on the [[Transit of Mercury]] and corrected the geographical coordinates of the Mediterranean Sea.<ref>[http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/gassendi.html The Galileo Project] and [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/gassendi/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]</ref> |
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*[[Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita|Anton Maria of Rheita]] (1597–1660): [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] astronomer. He dedicated one of his astronomy books to [[Jesus Christ]], a "theo-astronomy" work was dedicated to the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]], and he wondered if beings on other planets were "cursed by [[original sin]] like humans are."<ref>[http://cosmovisions.com/Rheita.htm Cosmovisions] and [http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/rheita.html The Galileo Project] [http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/riccioli.html Rice University's Galileo Project]</ref> |
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*[[Blaise Pascal]] (1623–1662): [[Jansenism|Jansenist]] thinker;<ref group=note>Although Jansenism was a movement within Roman Catholicism, it was generally opposed by the Catholic hierarchy and was eventually condemned as heretical.</ref> well known for [[Pascal's law]] (physics), [[Pascal's theorem]] (math), and [[Pascal's Wager]] (theology).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pascal.html|title=Pascal summary|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Nicolas Steno]] (1638–1686): Lutheran convert to Catholicism, his [[beatification]] in that faith occurred in 1987. As a scientist he is considered a pioneer in both anatomy and geology, but largely abandoned science after his religious conversion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/research/theology/ejournal/aejt_5/Sobiech.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-03-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060307211317/http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/research/theology/ejournal/aejt_5/Sobiech.htm |archivedate=2006-03-07 |df= }}</ref><ref>https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=cache:6JVRTVzuffMJ:collection.nlc-bnc.ca/100/201/300/palaeontologia/03-03-14/2002_1/books/map.htm+%22Nicholas+Steno%22</ref> |
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*[[Isaac Barrow]] (1630–1677): English theologian, scientist, and mathematician. He wrote ''Expositions of the Creed, The Lord's Prayer, Decalogue, and Sacraments'' and ''Lectiones Opticae et Geometricae.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Barrow.html|title=Barrow summary|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz|Juan Lobkowitz]] (1606–1682): [[Cistercian Order|Cistercian monk]] who did work on [[Combinatorics]] and published astronomy tables at age 10. He also did works of theology and sermons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Caramuel.html|title=Caramuel summary|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Seth Ward (bishop)|Seth Ward]] (1617–1689): Anglican [[Bishop of Salisbury]] and [[Savilian Chair of Astronomy]] from 1649–1661. He wrote ''Ismaelis Bullialdi astro-nomiae philolaicae fundamenta inquisitio brevis'' and ''Astronomia geometrica.'' He also had a theological/philosophical dispute with [[Thomas Hobbes]] and as a bishop was severe toward [[Nonconformism|nonconformists]].<ref>[http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/ward.html Galileo Project] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20040103083459/http://www.philosem.uni-hannover.de/downloads/wallisdivine.pdf University of Hanover's philosophy seminar]</ref> |
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*[[Robert Boyle]] (1627–1691): Prominent scientist and theologian who argued that the study of science could improve glorification of God.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1997/PSCF3-97Woodall.html|title=Robert Boyle|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/boyle/|title=Robert Boyle|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> A strong Christian apologist, he is considered one of the most important figures in the history of Chemistry. |
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*[[Isaac Newton]] (1643–1727): Prominent scientist during the [[Scientific Revolution]]. Physicist, discoverer of [[gravity]], and an alchemist and an obsessed Christian apologist, was obsessed with trying to discern the date of the [[Rapture]] from the [[Bible]]. |
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*[[Johannes Kepler]] (1571–1630): Prominent astronomer of the Scientific Revolution, discovered [[Kepler's laws of planetary motion]]. |
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==1701–1800 A.D. (18th century)== |
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*[[John Ray]] (1627–1705): English botanist who wrote ''The Wisdom of God manifested in the Works of the Creation.'' (1691) The John Ray Initiative<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jri.org.uk/|title=The John Ray Initiative|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> of Environment and Christianity is also named for him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/ray.html|title=John Ray|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Gottfried Leibniz]] (1646–1716): He was a philosopher who developed the philosophical theory of the [[Pre-established harmony]]; he is also most noted for his optimism, e.g., his conclusion that our Universe is, in a restricted sense, the best possible one that God could have created. He also made major contributions to mathematics, physics, and technology. He created the [[Stepped Reckoner]] and his [[Protogaea]] concerns geology and natural history. He was a Lutheran who worked with convert to Catholicism [[John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] in hopes of a reunification between Catholicism and Lutheranism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Leibniz.html|title=Leibniz biography|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Stephen Hales]] (1677–1761): [[Copley Medal]] winning scientist significant to the study of plant physiology. As an inventor designed a type of ventilation system, a means to distill sea-water, ways to preserve meat, etc. In religion he was an Anglican curate who worked with the [[Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge]] and for a group working to convert black slaves in the West Indies.<ref>[http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/hales.html The Galileo Project] and [http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/H/HAL/stephen-hales.html 1902 Encyclopedia]</ref> |
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*[[Firmin Abauzit]] (1679–1767): physicist and theologian. He translated the [[New Testament]] into French and corrected an error in Newton's Principia.<ref>[[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition]]</ref> |
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*[[Emanuel Swedenborg]] (1688–1772): He did a great deal of scientific research with the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] having commissioned work by him.<ref name="WhitakerSmith2007">{{cite book |first=Harry |last=Whitaker |last2=Smith |first2=C.U.M. |last3=Finger |first3=Stanley |title=Brain, Mind and Medicine:: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PP3VZXS7D9IC&pg=PA204 |date=27 October 2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-0-387-70967-3 |pages=204–}}</ref> His religious writing is the basis of [[Swedenborgianism]] and several of his theological works contained some science hypotheses, most notably the [[Nebular hypothesis]] for the origin of the Solar System.<ref>[http://www.swedenborg.com/ swedenborg.com]</ref> |
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*[[Albrecht von Haller]] (1708–1777): Swiss anatomist, physiologist known as "the father of modern physiology." A Protestant, he was involved in the erection of the Reformed church in Göttingen, and, as a man interested in religious questions, he wrote apologetic letters which were compiled by his daughter under the name ''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxktAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Letters from Baron Haller to His Daughter on the Truths of the Christian ...|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref>'' |
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*[[Leonhard Euler]] (1707–1783): significant mathematician and physicist, see [[List of topics named after Leonhard Euler]]. The son of a pastor, he wrote ''Defense of the Divine Revelation against the Objections of the Freethinkers'' and is also commemorated by the Lutheran Church on their Calendar of Saints on May 24.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMOQZfrZq-EC&pg=PA519&dq=%22Euler%22+divine+reflection&sig=ACfU3U2CV0fxHyWVfNIgI1Q6zuPH_MalAA|title=Mathematics and the Divine|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Antoine Lavoisier]] (1743–1794): considered the "father of modern chemistry". He is known for his discovery of oxygen's role in combustion, developing chemical nomenclature, developing a preliminary periodic table of elements, and the law of [[conservation of mass]]. He was a Catholic and defender of scripture.<ref>Grimaux, Edouard. ''Lavoisier 1743-1794.'' (Paris, 1888; 2nd ed., 1896; 3rd ed., 1899), page 53.</ref> |
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*[[Herman Boerhaave]] (1668–1789): remarkable Dutch physician and botanist known as the founder of clinical teaching. A collection of his religious thoughts on medicine, translated from Latin into English, has been compiled under the name ''Boerhaaveìs Orations''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y-UUAAAAIAAJ&hl=es&source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=BOERHAAVES ORATIONS|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[John Michell]] (1724–1793): English clergyman who provided pioneering insights in a wide range of scientific fields, including astronomy, geology, optics, and gravitation.<ref>{{cite web| title =This Month in Physics History: November 27, 1783: John Michell anticipates black holes| work =APS Physics| url = http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200911/physicshistory.cfm}}</ref><ref name=book>{{cite web| title = Weighing the World by Russell McCormmach| work =Google Books| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9eMkgfKIdXIC&pg=PA177&lpg=PA177&dq=%22john+michell%22+thornhill&source=bl&ots=wZmuZEzVVC&sig=368bBGW4gId06InT0bnQRvo82t4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=4rBRU6GUCcWXygO68ICYAg&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> |
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*[[Maria Gaetana Agnesi]] (1718–1799): mathematician appointed to a position by [[Pope Benedict XIV]]. After her father died she devoted her life to religious studies, charity, and ultimately became a nun.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9004047|title=Maria Gaetana Agnesi|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Carl Linnaeus]] (1707-1778): Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, "father of modern taxonomy". |
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==1801–1900 A.D. (19th century)== |
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{{further information|List of parson-naturalists}} |
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*[[Joseph Priestley]] (1733–1804): [[Nontrinitarianism|Nontrinitarian]] clergyman who wrote the controversial work ''History of the Corruptions of Christianity.'' He is credited with discovering [[oxygen]].<ref group=note>[[Carl Wilhelm Scheele]] discovered oxygen earlier but published his findings after Priestley.</ref> |
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*[[Alessandro Volta]] (1745–1827): Italian physicist who invented the first electric battery. The unit [[Volt]] was named after him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zenit.org/it/articles/gli-scienziati-cattolici-che-hanno-fatto-litalia|title=Gli scienziati cattolici che hanno fatto lItalia|work=ZENIT - Il mondo visto da Roma|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Samuel Vince]] (1749–1821): Cambridge astronomer and clergyman. He wrote ''Observations on the Theory of the Motion and Resistance of Fluids'' and ''The credibility of Christianity vindicated, in answer to Mr. Hume's objections.'' He won the [[Copley Medal]] in 1780, before the period dealt with here ended.<ref>[http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=1794 Royal Society] and [http://www.thoemmes.com/18cphil/humeresp_relig.htm Thoemmes]</ref> |
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*[[Isaac Milner]] (1750–1820): [[Lucasian Professor of Mathematics]] known for work on an important process to fabricate [[Nitrous acid]]. He was also an evangelical Anglican who co-wrote ''Ecclesiastical History of the Church of Christ'' with his brother and played a role in the religious awakening of [[William Wilberforce]]. He also led to [[William Frend (social reformer)|William Frend]] being expelled from Cambridge for a purported attack by Frend on religion.<ref>[http://www.lucasianchair.org/19/milner.html Lucasian Chair]</ref> |
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*[[William Kirby (entomologist)|William Kirby]] (1759–1850): A [[Parson-naturalist]] who wrote ''On the Power Wisdom and Goodness of God. As Manifested in the Creation of Animals and in Their History, Habits and Instincts'' and was a founding figure in British entomology.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moore |first=D.T. |title=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |year=2004 |chapter=Kirby, William (1759–1850) |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/15647}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Armstrong |first=Patrick |title=The English Parson-naturalist: A Companionship Between Science and Religion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hB0hEc4CN3wC |year=2000 |publisher=Gracewing |isbn=978-0-85244-516-7 |pages=99–102}}</ref> |
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*[[Georges Cuvier]] (1769–1832): French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "father of paleontology". |
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*[[Andre Marie Ampere]] (1775–1836): one of the founders of [[classical electromagnetism]]. The unit for electric current, [[Ampere]], is named after him.<ref>{{cite web |last= |first= |authorlink= |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |work= |publisher= |date= |url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01437c.htm |doi= |accessdate=29 December 2007 }}</ref> |
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*[[Olinthus Gregory]] (1774–1841): he wrote ''Lessons Astronomical and Philosophical'' in 1793 and became mathematical master at the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich|Royal Military Academy]] in 1802. An abridgment of his 1815 ''Letters on the Evidences of Christianity'' was done by the [[Religious Tract Society]].<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=%22&btnG=Search Preface to "Evidences"] and [https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&safe=active&q=%22olinthus+gilbert+gregory%22+biography+-wikipedia&btnG=Search 1911 Encyclopedia]</ref> |
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* [[John Abercrombie (physician)|John Abercrombie]] (1780–1844): Scottish physician and Christian philosopher<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/abercrombieessays00aberrich|title=Essays : Abercrombie, John, 1780-1844 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|work=Internet Archive|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> who created the a textbook about [[neuropathology]]. |
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*[[William Buckland]] (1784–1856): Anglican priest/geologist who wrote ''Vindiciae Geologiae; or the Connexion of Geology with Religion explained.'' He was born in 1784, but his scientific life did not begin before the period discussed herein.<ref>http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/geocolls/buckland/bio3.htm</ref> |
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*[[Mary Anning]] (1799–1847): paleontologist who became known for discoveries of certain fossils in [[Lyme Regis]], [[Dorset]]. Anning was devoutly religious, and attended a [[Congregational church|Congregational]], then [[Anglican]] church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Emling |first=Shelley |authorlink=Shelley Emling |title=The Fossil Hunter: Dinosaurs, Evolution, and the Woman whose Discoveries Changed the World |publisher=Palgrove Macmillan |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-230-61156-6 |page=143}}</ref> |
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*[[Marshall Hall (physiologist)|Marshall Hall]] (1790–1857): notable English physiologist who contributed with anatomical understanding and proposed a number of techniques in medical science. A devout Christian, his religious thoughts were collected in the biographical book ''[https://archive.org/details/memoirsofmarshal00hall Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by his widow]'' (1861). He was also an [[abolitionist]] who opposed slavery on religious grounds. He believed slavery to be a [[sin]] against God and denial of the Christian faith.<ref>Hall, Charlotte; Hall, Marshall (1861). Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by his widow. London : R. Bentley. p. 322</ref> |
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*[[Lars Levi Læstadius]] (1800–1861): [[botanist]] who started a revival movement within [[Lutheranism]] called [[Laestadianism]]. This movement is among the strictest forms of Lutheranism. As a botanist he has the [[Author citation (botany)|author citation]] ''Laest'' and discovered four species.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utexas.edu/courses/sami/diehtu/siida/christian/nationstate.htm|title=Christianity and the Emerging Nation States|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Edward Hitchcock]] (1793–1864): geologist, paleontologist, and Congregationalist pastor. He worked on [[Natural theology]] and wrote on [[fossil]]ized tracks.<ref>http://58.1911encyclopedia.org/H/HI/HITCHCOCK_EDWARD.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amherst.edu/~rjyanco/amherst/history/1894tyler-ws/chapter07/menu.html#p1|title=A History of Amherst College (1894) -- Chapter 7|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Benjamin Silliman]] (1779–1864): chemist and science educator at Yale; the first person to distill petroleum, and a founder of the ''[[American Journal of Science]]'', the oldest scientific journal in the United States. An outspoken Christian,<ref>Buckingham Mouheb, Roberta (2012). Yale Under God, p. 110. Xulon Press, {{ISBN|9781619968844}}</ref> he was an old-earth creationist who openly rejected materialism. |
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*[[Bernhard Riemann]] (1826–1866): son of a pastor, <ref group=note>As was [[Euler]]. Like Gauss, the [[Bernoulli family|Bernoullis]] would convince both sets of fathers and sons to study mathematics.</ref> he entered the [[University of Göttingen]] at the age of 19, originally to study [[philology]] and [[theology]] in order to become a pastor and help with his family's finances. Changed to mathematics upon the suggestion of [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]].<ref>{{MacTutor Biography|id=Riemann|title=Riemann}} Accessed July 29, 2013.</ref> He made lasting contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, and differential geometry, some of them enabling the later development of general relativity. |
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*[[William Whewell]] (1794–1866): professor of mineralogy and moral philosophy. He wrote ''An Elementary Treatise on Mechanics'' in 1819 and ''Astronomy and General Physics considered with reference to Natural Theology'' in 1833.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2004/entries/whewell/#1|title=William Whewell|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20030808112309/http://mubs.mdx.ac.uk/research/Discussion_Papers/Mathematics_and_Statistics/maths_dpaper_no_5.pdf</ref> He is the wordsmith who coined the terms "scientist", "physicist", "anode", "cathode" and many other commonly used scientific words. |
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*[[Michael Faraday]] (1791–1867): [[Glasite]] church elder for a time, he discussed the relationship of science to religion in a lecture opposing [[Spiritualism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/faraday_michael.shtml|title=BBC - History - Michael Faraday|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pf/Michael_Faraday.html|title=The religion of Michael Faraday, physicist|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> He is known for his contributions in establishing electromagnetic theory and his work in chemistry such as establishing electrolysis. |
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*[[James David Forbes]] (1809–1868): [[physicist]] and [[glaciologist]] who worked extensively on the [[conduction of heat]] and [[seismology]]. He was a devout Christian as can be seen in the work ''"Life and Letters of James David Forbes"'' (1873). |
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*[[Charles Babbage]] (1791–1871): mathematician and analytical philosopher known as the first computer scientist who originated the idea of a programmable computer. He wrote the ''[[Ninth Bridgewater Treatise]]'',<ref>http://www.victorianweb.org/science/science_texts/bridgewater/babbage_intro.htm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Babbage.html|title=Charles Babbage|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> and the ''Passages from the Life of a Philosopher'' (1864) where he raised arguments to rationally defend the belief in [[miracle]]s.<ref>Clifford A. Pickover (2009). "The Math Book: From Pythagoras to the 57th Dimension, 250 Milestones in the History of Mathematics". Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 218</ref> |
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*[[Adam Sedgwick]] (1785–1873): Anglican priest and geologist whose, ''A Discourse on the Studies of the University'' discusses the relationship of God and man. In science he won both the Copley Medal and the [[Wollaston Medal]].<ref>Scientists of Faith and [http://www.english.ucsb.edu/faculty/rraley/research/english/Sedgwick.html University of California, Santa Barbara]</ref> |
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*[[John Bachman]] (1790–1874): wrote numerous scientific articles and named several species of animals. He also was a founder of the [[Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary]] and wrote works on [[Lutheranism]].<ref>[http://www.cofc.edu/~waddelle/Bibliography.htm The College of Charleston] and [http://www.newberry.edu/@newberry/may05/bachmanlife.htm Newberry College]</ref> |
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*[[Temple Chevallier]] (1794–1873): Priest and astronomer who did ''Of the proofs of the divine power and wisdom derived from the study of astronomy''. He also founded the [[Durham University Observatory]], hence the Durham Shield is pictured.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rmets.org/pdf/metsocearlymembers.pdf |title=The ten gentlemen who founded the British Meteorological Society on 3 April 1850 in the library of Hartwell House, near Aylesb |publisher= |accessdate=15 January 2015 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120804104539/http://www.rmets.org/pdf/metsocearlymembers.pdf |archivedate= 4 August 2012 |df= }}</ref> |
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*[[Robert Main]] (1808–1878): Anglican priest who won the [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1858. Robert Main also preached at the British Association of [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/MNRAS/0039//0000235.000.html|title=1879MNRAS..39..235. Page 235|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[James Clerk Maxwell]] (1831–1879): Although Clerk as a boy was taken to Presbyterian services by his father and to Anglican services by his aunt, while still a young student at Cambridge he underwent an Evangelical conversion that he described as having given him a new perception of the Love of God.<ref group=note>In the biography by Cambell (p. 170) Maxwell's conversion is described: "He referred to it long afterwards as having given him a new perception of the Love of God. One of his strongest convictions thenceforward was that 'Love abideth, though Knowledge vanish away.'"</ref> Maxwell's evangelicalism "committed him to an anti-[[positivist]] position."<ref>James Clerk Maxwell and religion, [[American Journal of Physics]], 54 (4), April 1986, p.314</ref><ref><u> James Clerk Maxwell and religion</u>, ''[[American Journal of Physics]]'', 54 (4), April 1986, p. 312–317 ; [http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/maxwell/ James Clerk Maxwell and the Christian Proposition by Ian Hutchinson]</ref> He is known for his contributions in establishing electromagnetic theory (Maxwell's Equations) and work on the chemical kinetic theory of gases. |
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*[[James Bovell]] (1817–1880): Canadian physician and microscopist who was member of [[Royal College of Physicians]]. He was the mentor of [[William Osler]], as well as an Anglican minister and religious author who wrote about [[natural theology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_49136|title=Outlines of natural theology for the use of the Canadian student [microform] : selected and arranged from the most authentic sources : Bovell, James, 1817-1880 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive|work=Internet Archive|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Andrew Pritchard]] (1804–1882): English naturalist and [[natural history]] dealer who made significant improvements to [[microscopy]] and wrote the standard work on aquatic micro-organisms. He devoted much energy to the chapel he attended, [[Newington Green Unitarian Church]]. |
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*[[Gregor Mendel]] (1822–1884): [[Augustinian]] [[Abbot]] who was the "father of modern genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10180b.htm|title=CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mendel, Mendelism|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> He preached sermons at Church, [[q:Gregor Mendel#Sermon on Easter|one of which]] deals with how Easter represents Christ's victory over death.<ref>Edward Edelson (2001), "Gregor Mendel: And the Roots of Genetics". Oxford University Press. p. 68</ref> |
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*[[Lewis Carroll]] (1832–1898): [real name: Charles Lutwidge Dodgson], English writer, mathematician, and Anglican deacon. Robbins' and Rumsey's investigation of [[Dodgson condensation|Dodgson's method]], a method of evaluating determinants, led them to the Alternating Sign Matrix conjecture, now a theorem. |
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*[[Heinrich Hertz]] (1857–1894): German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves. |
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*[[Philip Henry Gosse]] (1810–1888): Marine biologist who wrote ''Aquarium'' (1854), and ''A Manual of Marine Zoology'' (1855–56). He is more famous, or infamous, as a Christian Fundamentalist who coined the idea of [[Omphalos (theology)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1864.htm|title=No. 1864: Philip and Edmund Gosse|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Asa Gray]] (1810–1888): His ''Gray's Manual'' remains a pivotal work in botany. His ''[[Darwiniana]]'' has sections titled "Natural selection not inconsistent with Natural theology", "Evolution and theology", and "Evolutionary teleology." The preface indicates his adherence to the [[Nicene Creed]] in concerning these religious issues.<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/drwna10.txt Gutenberg text of Darwiniana] and [http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2001/PSCF9-01Miles.html ASA]</ref> |
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*[[Julian Tenison Woods]] (1832–1889): co-founder of the [[Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart]] who won a [[Clarke Medal]] shortly before death. A picture from [[Waverley Cemetery]], where he's buried, is shown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogWe-Wy.html#woods1|title=Dictionary of Australian Biography We-Wy|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Louis Pasteur]] (1822-1895): French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. |
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*[[James Dwight Dana]] (1813–1895): geologist, mineralogist, and zoologist. He received the Copley Medal, [[Wollaston Medal]], and the [[Clarke Medal]]. He also wrote a book titled ''Science and the Bible'' and his faith has been described as "both orthodox and intense."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=eSIZAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22+James+Dwight+Dana%22&lr=&as_brr=1&cd=24#v=onepage&q=&f=false "Science and the Bible" at Google Books] and [http://uh.edu/engines/epi1949.htm Engines of Our Ingenuity]</ref> |
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*[[James Prescott Joule]] (1818–1889): Joule studied the nature of heat, and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the law of conservation of energy, which led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The SI derived unit of energy, the joule, is named after James Joule.<ref>[http://www.nndb.com/people/275/000049128/ The religion of James Prescott Joule]</ref> |
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*[[John William Dawson]] (1820–1899): Canadian geologist who was the first President of the [[Royal Society of Canada]] and served as President of both the [[British Association for the Advancement of Science|British]] and the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]. A presbyterian, he spoke against Darwin's theory and came to write ''The Origin of the World, According to Revelation and Science'' (1877) where he put together his theological and scientific views.<ref>Sheets-Pyenson, Susan (1996), ''"John William Dawson: Faith, Hope and Science"'', McGill-Queen's Press MQUP. pp. 124-126</ref> |
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*[[Armand David]] (1826–1900): Catholic missionary to China and member of the [[Lazarists]] who considered his religious duties to be his principal concern. He was also a botanist with the author abbreviation ''David'' and as a zoologist he described several species new to the West.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060819034229/http://www.vincentians.org.au/David.pdf The Vicentians]</ref> |
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==1901–2000 A.D. (20th century)== |
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According to ''100 Years of Nobel Prizes'' a review of [[Nobel Prize|Nobel prizes]] award between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of [[List of Christian Nobel laureates|Nobel Prizes Laureates]], have identified [[Christianity]] in its various forms as their religious preference.<ref name="Caltron J.H Hayas">Baruch A. Shalev, ''100 Years of Nobel Prizes'' (2003), Atlantic Publishers & Distributors , p.57: |
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between 1901 and 2000 reveals that 654 Laureates belong to 28 different religion Most (65.4%) have identified Christianity in its various forms as their religious preference.</ref> Overall, Christians have won a total of 72.5% of all the Nobel Prizes in [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Chemistry]],<ref name="Shalev, Baruch">Shalev, Baruch (2005). 100 Years of Nobel Prizes. p. 59</ref> 65.3% in [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Physics]],<ref name="Shalev, Baruch"/> 62% in [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Medicine]],<ref name="Shalev, Baruch"/> 54% in [[Nobel Prize in Economics|Economics]].<ref name="Shalev, Baruch"/><ref name="Shalev, Baruch"/> |
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*[[John Hall Gladstone]] (1827–1902): served as President of the [[Physical Society of London|Physical Society]] between 1874 and 1876 and during 1877–1879 was President of the [[Chemical Society]]. He also belonged to the [[Christian Evidence Society]].<ref>{{Cite journal |title='''GLADSTONE, John Hall'''|magazine= Who's who biographies, 1901|page=472|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA472}}</ref><ref name="Ward1887">{{cite book |last=Ward |first=Thomas Humphry |title=Men of the Time: A Dictionary of Contemporaries, Containing Biographical Notices of Eminent Characters of Both Sexes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vucZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA431 |year=1887 |publisher=G. Routledge and Sons |page=431}}</ref> |
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*[[George Gabriel Stokes|George Stokes]] (1819–1903): minister's son, he wrote a book on [[Natural Theology]]. He was also one of the [[Presidents of the Royal Society]] and made contributions to [[Fluid dynamics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=160|title=George Gabriel Stokes|work=The Gifford Lectures|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.giffordlectures.org/Search.asp?PubID=TPNATT&Volume=0&Issue=0&ArticleID=1|title=Search results|work=The Gifford Lectures|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Henry Baker Tristram]] (1822–1906): founding member of the [[British Ornithologists' Union]]. His publications included ''The Natural History of the Bible'' (1867) and ''The Fauna and Flora of Palestine'' (1884).<ref>[http://www.dur.ac.uk/m.d.eddy/HoSinDurhamTristram.html University of Durham]</ref> |
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*[[Enoch Fitch Burr]] (1818–1907): astronomer and Congregational Church pastor who lectured extensively on the relationship between science and religion. He also wrote ''Ecce Coelum: or Parish Astronomy'' in 1867. He once stated that "an undevout astronomer is mad" and held a strong belief in [[extraterrestrial life]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://drs.library.yale.edu:8083/HLTransformer/HLTransServlet?stylename=yul.ead2002.xhtml.xsl&pid=mssa:ms.0689&query=beecher&clear-stylesheet-cache=yes&hlon=yes&big=&adv=&filter=&hitPageStart=1&sortFields=&view=over|title=Yale Finding Aid Database : Guide to the Enoch Fitch Burr Papers|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4TZPlihVUoC&pg=PA451#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Extraterrestrial Life Debate, 1750-1900|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Lord Kelvin]] (1824–1907): At the University of Glasgow he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of [[Timeline of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and random processes|thermodynamics]]. He gave a famous address to the [[Christian Evidence Society]]. In science he won the Copley Medal and the [[Royal Medal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/15/12/6|title=physicsworld.com|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[William Dallinger]] (1839–1909): British minister in the [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Wesleyan Methodist Church]] and an accomplished [[scientist]] who studied the complete lifecycle of [[unicellular organism]]s under the [[microscope]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haas, Jr |first=J. W.|jstor=532058 |title=The Reverend Dr. William Henry Dallinger, F.R.S. (1839-1909) |journal=Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London |date=January 2000 |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=53–65 |doi=10.1098/rsnr.2000.0096 |pmid=11624308}}</ref> |
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*[[Wilhelm Röntgen]] (1845–1923) was a German engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901<ref>Otto Glasser " Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the Early History of the Roentgen Rays" Norman Publishing, 1993,p.135 [https://books.google.com/books?id=5GJs4tyb7wEC&pg=PA135]</ref> |
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*[[Giuseppe Mercalli]] (1850–1914) was an Italian volcanologist and Catholic priest. He is best remembered for the Mercalli intensity scale for measuring earthquakes. |
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*[[Pierre Duhem]] (1861–1916): worked on [[Thermodynamic potentials]] and wrote histories advocating that the Roman Catholic Church helped advance science.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Duhem.html|title=Duhem summary|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>http://pirate.shu.edu/~jakistan/JakisBooks/PierreDuhem.htm</ref><ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/duhem/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]</ref><ref name="Martin1991">{{cite book |last=Niall |first=R. |last2=Martin |first2=D. |title=Pierre Duhem: Philosophy and History in the Work of a Believing Physicist |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0jQBcEnsDv0C |date=January 1991 |publisher=Open Court Publishing |isbn=978-0-8126-9160-3}}</ref><ref name="Hilbert2000">{{cite book |last=Hilbert |first=Martin |title=Pierre Duhem and Neo-Thomist Interpretations of Physical Science [microform] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eHtvAAAACAAJ |year=2000 |publisher=Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toronto |isbn=978-0-612-53764-4}}</ref> |
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*[[James Britten]] (1846–1924): botanist who was heavily involved in the [[Catholic Truth Society]].<ref>{{cite web|title=CTS History |url=http://www.cts-online.org.uk/CTS_history.htm |accessdate=2007-04-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406111552/http://www.cts-online.org.uk/CTS_history.htm |archivedate=2007-04-06 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>{{Ws|[[s:The Times/1924/Obituary/James Britten|Obituary: James Britten]]}}</ref> |
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*[[Charles Doolittle Walcott]] (1850–1927): Walcott was a paleontologist, most notable for his discovery of the [[Burgess Shale]] of British Columbia. The late [[Stephen Jay Gould]] said that Walcott, "discoverer of the Burgess Shale fossils, was a convinced Darwinian and an equally firm Christian, who believed that God had ordained natural selection to construct a history of life according to His plans and purposes."<ref>http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/gould_darwin-on-trial.html</ref> |
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*[[Johannes Reinke]] (1849–1931): German phycologist and naturalist who founded the ''German Botanical Society''. An opposer of Darwinism and the secularization of science, he wrote ''Kritik der Abstammungslehre'' (Critique of the theory of evolution), (1920), and ''Naturwissenschaft, Weltanschauung, Religion'', (Science, philosophy, religion), (1923). He was a devout Lutheran.<ref>Wissemann, Volker (2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=HvbJ9eddABIC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Johannes Reinke: Leben und Werk eines lutherischen Botanikers]''. Volume 26 of Religion, Theologie und Naturwissenschaft / Religion, Theology, and Natural Science. Vandenhoeck & Ruprech. {{ISBN|3525570201}}</ref> |
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*[[Guglielmo Marconi]] (1874–1937): was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. He shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics.<ref>M.C. Marconi, Mio Marito Guglielmo, Rizzoli 1995, p. 244.</ref><ref>In S. Popov, "Why I Believe in God", Bulgarian Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, letter No. 92-00-910/ 12 December 1992</ref> |
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* [[Pierre Teilhard de Chardin]] (1881–1955): French Jesuit paleontologist, co-discoverer of the [[Peking Man]], noted for his work on evolutionary theory and Christianity. He postulated the [[Omega Point]] as the end-goal of Evolution and he is widely regarded as one of the most important Catholic theologians of the 20th century. |
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*[[William Williams Keen]] (1837–1932): first [[brain surgeon]] in the United States, and a prominent [[surgical pathology|surgical pathologist]] who served as President of the [[American Medical Association]]. He also wrote ''I believe in God and in evolution''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/ibelieveingodan00keengoog#page/n4/mode/2up|title=I believe in God and in evolution|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Francis Patrick Garvan]] (1875–1937): [[Priestley Medal]]ist who received a "Mendel Medal" from [[Villanova University]], was mentioned by [[Catholic Action]] as a "prominent Catholic layman", and was involved with the [[Catholic University of America]].<ref>[https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/mendelmedal/pastrecipients/francis_garvan.html Villanova University's Mendel Medal page on Dr. Francis P. Garvan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912110937/http://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/mendelmedal/pastrecipients/francis_garvan.html |date=2015-09-12 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Catholic Action ...: A National Monthly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ne0eAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA28-PA26|year=1922|pages=28, 34}}</ref> |
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*[[Pavel Florensky]] (1882–1937): [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] priest who wrote a book on [[Dielectric]]s and wrote of [[imaginary numbers]] having a relationship to the Kingdom of God.<ref>Second paragraph of Page 26 in a paper from [[Middlesex University]][https://web.archive.org/web/20030808112309/http://mubs.mdx.ac.uk/research/Discussion_Papers/Mathematics_and_Statistics/maths_dpaper_no_5.pdf Middlesex University article]</ref> |
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*[[Ernest Rutherford]] (1871–1937): New Zealand-born British physicist who became known as the father of [[nuclear physics]]. <ref>The who's who of Nobel Prize winners, 1901-1995, p. 5</ref><ref><i>"Whenever one of his experiments went well, Rutherford would loudly sing his favorite hymn, Onward Christian Soldiers"</i> , [http://books.google.de/books?id=9QmdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 Who Split the Atom?, p. 28]</ref> |
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*[[Max Planck]] (1858–1947): was a German theoretical physicist whose work on quantum theory won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918 .He was favorable to all religions, but he himself chose Christianity. He did, however, regret the Church's demands for unquestioning belief, which served to repel questioners.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pp/Max_Planck.html|title=Religion of Max Planck|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> |
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*[[:de:Eberhard Dennert|Eberhard Dennert]] (1861–1942): German naturalist and botanist who founded the ''Kepler Union'', a group of German intellectuals who strongly opposed [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]]'s ''Monist League'' and Darwin's theory.<ref>Gilley, Sheridan; Stanley, Brian (2006). The Cambridge History of Christianity: Volume 8, World Christianities C.1815-c.1914. Cambridge University Press. p. 180. {{ISBN|9780521814560}}</ref> A Lutheran, he wrote ''Vom Sterbelager des Darwinismus'', which had an authorized English translation under the name ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/21019/21019-h/21019-h.htm At The Deathbed of Darwinism]'' (1904). |
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*[[George Washington Carver]] (1864–1943): American [[scientist]], [[botanist]], [[educator]], and [[inventor]]. Carver believed he could have faith both in God and science and integrated them into his life. He testified on many occasions that his faith in [[Jesus]] was the only mechanism by which he could effectively pursue and perform the art of science.<ref>[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Man+of+science--and+of+God%3A+George+Washington+Carver+believed+that...-a0112794990 Man of science-and of God] from ''[[The New American]]'' (January 2004) via [[TheFreeLibrary.com]]</ref> |
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*[[Arthur Eddington]] (1882–1944): British astrophysicist of the early 20th century. He was also a philosopher of science and a popularizer of science. The [[Eddington limit]], the natural limit to the luminosity of stars, or the radiation generated by accretion onto a compact object, is named in his honor. He is famous for his work regarding the [[theory of relativity]]. Eddington was a lifelong Quaker, and gave the [[Gifford Lectures]] in 1927.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://silas.psfc.mit.edu/eddington/|title=Astrophysics and Mysticism: the life of Arthur Stanley Eddington\protect\footnote{Originally presented as talk at the ``Faith of Great Scientists Seminar'', MIT, January 2003}|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Alexis Carrel]] (1873–1944): French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/170/000125792/|title=Alexis Carrel|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Charles Glover Barkla]] (1877–1944): British physicist, and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917 for his work in X-ray spectroscopy and related areas in the study of X-rays (Roentgen rays).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/549/000099252/|title=Charles Glover Barkla|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> Mr. Barkla was a [[Methodism|Methodist]] and considered his work to be ''part of the quest for God, the Creator".''<ref>School of Mathematics and Statistics. [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Barkla.html "Charles Glover Barkla"] (2007), University of St Andrews, Scotland. JOC/EFR.</ref><ref>H.S. Allen (1947), Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, Vol. 5, No. 15,. "[https://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/769087?uid=3738664&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21103238109881 Charles Glover Bark]"</ref><ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Charles_Glover_Barkla.aspx Charles Glover Barkla], Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (2008)</ref> |
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*[[John Ambrose Fleming]] (1849–1945): in science he is noted for the [[Right-hand rule]] and work on [[vacuum tube]]s. He also won the [[Hughes Medal]]. In religious activities he was President of the [[Victoria Institute]], and preached at [[St Martin-in-the-Fields]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/history_center/biography/fleming.html|title=IEEE|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Fleming1904">{{cite book |last=Fleming |first=Sir John Ambrose |title='The evidence of things not seen'. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUbOQAAACAAJ |year=1904 |publisher=Christian Evidence Committee of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge}}</ref><ref name="Numbers1993">{{cite book |last=Numbers |first=Ronald L. |title=The Creationists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDmZ5_iUixgC&pg=PA143 |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-08393-6 |pages=143–144}}</ref> |
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*[[Philipp Lenard]] (1862–1947): German physicist and the winner of the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties. He was also an active proponent of the [[Nazi ideology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/441/000099144/|title=Philipp Lenard|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>The who's who of Nobel Prize winners, 1901-1995, p. 178</ref> |
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*[[Robert Millikan]] (1868–1953): second son of Reverend Silas Franklin Millikan, he wrote about the reconciliation of science and religion in books like ''Evolution in Science and Religion.'' He won the [[Nobel Prize in Physics#1920s|1923 Nobel Prize in Physics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html|title=Robert A. Millikan - Biographical|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="Millikan 1929">"Millikan, Robert Andrew", [[Who's Who in America]] v. 15, 1928–1929, p. 1486</ref><ref>[http://www.adherents.com/people/pm/Robert_Millikan.html The Religious Affiliation of Physicist Robert Andrews Millikan]. adherents.com</ref><ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,715687,00.html "Medicine: Science Serves God,"] ''Time,'' June 4, 1923. Accessed 19 January 2013.</ref><ref>''Evolution in Science and Religion'' (1927), 1973 edition: Kennikat Press, {{ISBN|0-8046-1702-3}}</ref> |
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*[[Charles Stine]] (1882–1954): son of a minister who was VP of [[DuPont]]. In religion he wrote ''A Chemist and His Bible'' and as a chemist he won the [[Perkin Medal]].<ref>[http://www.che.gatech.edu/MESD/stineaward/index.html American Institute of Chemical Engineers] and [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/ow/6870075 Worldcat]</ref> |
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*[[Max Born]] (1882–1970): was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function"<ref>in F.E. Trinklein, "The God of Science", Exposition Press 1983, pag. 64</ref><ref>M. Born, Physics in my generation, Pergamon Press 1956</ref><ref>M. Born in L. Laudan, Beyond Positivism and Relativism: Theory, Method, and Evidence, Westview Press 1996</ref> |
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*[[E. T. Whittaker]] (1873–1956): converted to Catholicism in 1930 and member of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]]. His 1946 Donnellan Lecture was entitled on ''Space and Spirit. Theories of the Universe and the Arguments for the Existence of God.'' He also received the Copley Medal and had written on [[Mathematical physics]] before conversion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Whittaker.html|title=Whittaker summary|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Arthur Compton]] (1892–1962): won a [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]. He also was a deacon in the Baptist Church and wrote an article in ''Christianity Takes a Stand'' that supported the controversial idea of the United States maintaining the peace through a nuclear-armed air force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aps.org/units/fps/newsletters/2003/april/commentary.html|title=Physics and Society newsletter April 2003 Commentary|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,755635-5,00.html|title=Science: Cosmic Clearance|date=13 January 1936|magazine=TIME.com|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Ronald Fisher]] (1890–1962): English statistician, evolutionary biologist and geneticist. He preached sermons and published articles in church magazines.<ref>[http://bostonreview.net/BR24.5/orr.html Gould on God Can religion and science be happily reconciled?]</ref> |
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*[[Georges Lemaître]] (1894–1966): Roman Catholic [[Priesthood (Catholic Church)|priest]] who was first to propose the [[Big Bang]] theory.<ref>{{cite web |author=Super User |url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/science/sc0022.html |title=Catholic Education Resource Center |work=Catholic Education Resource Center |accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Kathleen Lonsdale]] (1903–1971): notable Irish crystallographer, the first woman tenured professor at University College London, first woman president of the International Union of Crystallography, and first woman president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. She converted to Quakerism and was an active [[Christian pacifist]]. She was the first secretary of the Churches' Council of Healing and delivered a [[Swarthmore Lecture]]. |
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*[[Neil Kensington Adam]] (1891–1973): British chemist who wrote the article ''A CHRISTIAN SCIENTIST'S APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF NATURAL SCIENCE''.<ref>[http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/rschg/biog.html Royal Society of Chemistry HISTORICAL GROUP biography page]</ref><ref>[http://jsh.christianscience.com/collections/1960s/christian-science-and-the-natural-sciences The Christian Science Journal]</ref> |
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*[[David Lack]] (1910–1973): Director of the Edward Grey Institute of Field [[Ornithology]] and in part known for his study of the genus Euplectes. He converted to Anglicanism at 38 and wrote ''Evolutionary Theory and Christian Belief'' in 1957.<ref>[http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/chronob/LACK1910.htm Western Kentucky University][http://www.asa3.org/ASA/BookReviews1949-1989/12-60.html ASA's book reviews section]</ref><ref name="Anderson2013">{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=Ted |title=The Life of David Lack: Father of Evolutionary Ecology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8s0wQ1UNSF4C&pg=PR121 |date=18 July 2013 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-992264-2 |pages=121–131}}</ref> |
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*[[Hugh Stott Taylor]] (1910–1974): chemist who received [[Villanova University]]'s "Mendel Medal"<ref>[https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/president/mendelmedal/pastrecipients/hugh_taylor.html Villanova University's Mendel Medal page on Hugh Stott Taylor]</ref> and was made a Knight Commander of the Papal [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]].<ref>[http://etcweb.princeton.edu/CampusWWW/Companion/taylor_hugh.html From Alexander Leitch, A Princeton Companion, copyright Princeton University Press (1978).]</ref> |
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*[[Charles Coulson]] (1910–1974): [[Methodist]] who wrote ''Science and Christian Belief'' in 1955. In 1970 he won the [[Davy Medal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Coulson.html|title=Coulson summary|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[George R. Price]] (1922–1975): American population geneticist who while a strong atheist converted to Christianity. He went on to write commentaries on the New Testament and dedicated portions of his life to helping the poor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/11/books/review/deWaal-t.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 |work=The New York Times |first=Frans |last=De Waal |title=Book Review - The Price of Altruism - By Oren Harman |date=2010-07-09}}</ref> |
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*[[Theodosius Dobzhansky]] (1900–1975): [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] geneticist who criticized young Earth creationism in an essay, "[[Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution]]," and argued that science and faith did not conflict.<ref>{{Citation |last=Dobzhansky |first=Theodosius |author-link=Theodosius Dobzhansky |date=March 1973 |title=Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution |journal=[[American Biology Teacher]] |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=125–129 |jstor=4444260 }}</ref><ref>https://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/evolution/mg14920155.100</ref> |
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*[[Werner Heisenberg]] (1901–1976): German theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics. Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1932 "for the creation of quantum mechanics".<ref>(Margenau 1985, Vol. 1).Margenau, Henry. 1985. "Why I Am a Christian", in Truth (An International, Inter-disciplinary Journal of Christian Thought), Vol. 1. Truth Inc., in cooperation with the Institute for Research in Christianity and Contemporary Thought, the International Christian Graduate University, Dallas Baptist University and the International Institute for Mankind. USA.</ref> |
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*[[Michael Polanyi]] (1891–1976): born Jewish, but became a Christian. In 1926 he was appointed to a Chemistry chair in Berlin, but in 1933 when Hitler came to power he accepted a Chemistry chair (and then in 1948 a Social Sciences chair) at the [[University of Manchester]]. In 1946 he wrote ''Science, Faith, and Society'' {{ISBN|0-226-67290-5}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chemonet.hu/polanyi/9601/after1.html|title=AFTER BROTHERHOOD'S GOLDEN AGE|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Wernher von Braun]] (1912–1977): "one of the most important rocket developers and champions of space exploration during the period between the 1930s and the 1970s."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://history.msfc.nasa.gov/vonbraun/bio.html|title=Biography of Wernher Von Braun|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> He was a Lutheran who as a youth and young man had little interest in religion. But as an adult he developed a firm belief in the Lord and in the afterlife. He was pleased to have opportunities to speak to peers (and anybody else who would listen) about his faith and Biblical beliefs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pv/Wernher_von_Braun.html|title=The religion of Wernher von Braun, rocket engineer, inventor|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Pascual Jordan]] (1902–1980): German theoretical and mathematical [[physicist]] who made significant contributions to [[quantum mechanics]] and [[quantum field theory]]. He contributed much to the mathematical form of [[matrix mechanics]], and developed [[quantum field theory|canonical anticommutation relations]] for [[fermion]]s.<ref>[http://cds.cern.ch/record/610390/files/0303241.pdf Pascual Jordan, Glory and Demise and his legacy in contemporary local quantum physics, p. 5]</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Forschungsstelle Universitätsgeschichte der Universität Rostock |url=http://cpr.uni-rostock.de/gnd/117182826 |title=Jordan, Pascual @ Catalogus Professorum Rostochiensium |publisher= |accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Peter Stoner]] (1888–1980): co-founder of the [[American Scientific Affiliation]] who wrote ''Science Speaks''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Moon |first=Irwin A. |last2=Everest |first2=F. Alton |last3=Houghton |first3=Will H. |author2-link=F. Alton Everest |last-author-amp=yes |date=December 1991 |title=Early Links Between the Moody Bible Institute and the American Scientific Affiliation |journal=[[Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith]] |volume=43 |pages=249–258 |url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1991/PSCF12-91Haas.html |accessdate=2007-02-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hartzler |first=H. Harold |others=by Peter W. Stoner, revised and HTML formatted by Don W. Stoner |title=Science Speaks |url=http://www.sciencespeaks.net |accessdate=2007-02-09 |date=November 2005 |chapter=Foreword |chapterurl=http://sciencespeaks.dstoner.net/index.html#c2 }}</ref> |
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*[[Henry Eyring (chemist)|Henry Eyring]] (1901–1981): American chemist known for developing the [[Eyring equation]]. Also a [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|Latter-Day Saint]] whose interactions with LDS President [[Joseph Fielding Smith]] on science and faith are a part of LDS history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/heyring.html|title=Biographical Memoirs Home|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>''Mormon Scientist: The Life and Faith of Henry Eyring'' by Henry J. Eyring</ref> |
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*[[Mary Kenneth Keller]] (1914–1985): American nun who was the first woman to earn a PhD in Computer Science in the US.<ref>{{Citation |last=Steel |first=Martha Vickers |date=11 December 2011 |title=Women in computing: experiences and contributions within the emerging computing industry |type=CSIS 550 History of Computing – Research Paper |publisher= |publication-place= |url=http://www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/papers/research/steel.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123023549/http://www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/papers/research/steel.pdf |accessdate=1 August 2014}}</ref> |
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*[[William G. Pollard]] (1911–1989): Anglican priest who wrote ''[[Physicist and Christian]]''. In addition he worked on the [[Manhattan Project]] and for years served as the executive director of [[Oak Ridge Associated Universities|Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies]].<ref>Pam Bonee, [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=1071 William G. Pollard], ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''.</ref> |
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*[[Frederick Rossini]] (1899–1990): American noted for his work in [[chemical thermodynamics]]. In science he received the [[Priestley Medal]] and the [[National Medal of Science]]. An example of the second medal is pictured. As a Catholic he received the [[Laetare Medal]] of the [[University of Notre Dame]]. He was dean of the College of Science at Notre Dame from 1960 to 1971, a position he may have taken partly due to his faith.<ref>Eliel, Ernest L., [http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/frossini.html Frederick Dominic Rossini,] ''Biographical Memoirs'', National Academy of Sciences.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1964&dat=19650325&id=_sQiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TrcFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2639,7823333|title=The Palm Beach Post - Google News Archive Search|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Aldert van der Ziel]] (1910–1991): researched [[Flicker noise]] and has the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] named an award for him. He also was a conservative Lutheran who wrote ''The Natural Sciences and the Christian Message.''<ref>[https://archive.is/20120709113656/http://www.ece.umd.edu/ISDRS_2001/ISDRS_Final_Call_6_25_01.pdf University of Maryland] and [http://www.asa3.org/ASA/BookReviews1949-1989/3-67.html ASA]</ref> |
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*[[Jérôme Lejeune]] (1926–1994): French pediatrician and geneticist known for research into [[Chromosome abnormality|chromosome abnormalities]], particularly [[Down syndrome]]. He was the first President of the [[Pontifical Academy for Life]] and has been named a "Servant of God."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/12/obituaries/dr-jerome-lejeune-dies-at-67-found-cause-of-down-syndrome.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm |title=Dr. Jerome Lejeune Dies at 67 - Found Cause of Down Syndrome - NYTimes.com |date=12 April 1994 |publisher= |accessdate=15 January 2015 |work=The New York Times |first=Eric |last=Pace}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncregister.com/site/article/remembering-jerome-lejeune/|title=NCRegister - Remembering Jerome Lejeune|work=National Catholic Register|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Alonzo Church]] (1903–1995): American mathematician and logician who made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science. He was a lifelong member of the Presbyterian church.<ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction Alonzo Church: Life and Work|url=http://www.math.ucla.edu/~hbe/church.pdf|accessdate=6 June 2012|page=4|quote=A deeply religious person, he was a lifelong member of the Presbyterian church.|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901152639/http://www.math.ucla.edu/~hbe/church.pdf|archivedate=1 September 2012|df=}}</ref> |
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*[[Ernest Walton]] (1903–1995): Irish physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951 for his work with John Cockcroft with "atom-smashing" experiments done at Cambridge University in the early 1930s, and so became the first person in history to artificially split the atom, thus ushering the nuclear age. He spoke on science and faith topics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cis.org.uk/ireland/walton/walton.html|title=Walton Lectures|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Nevill Francis Mott]] (1905–1996): Anglican, was a Nobel Prize-winning physicist known for explaining the effect of light on a photographic emulsion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pm/Nevill_Mott.html|title=The religion of Nevill Mott, Nobel Prize winner; photographic emulsion|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> He was baptized at 80 and edited ''Can Scientists Believe?''.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1996/08/11/nobel-winning-physicist-nevill-francis-mott-dies/b60cf30c-bc5f-4e6f-bae8-c3d39b539473/ Obituary of Nevill Francis Mott in the Washington Post]</ref> |
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*[[Mary Celine Fasenmyer]] (1906–1996): member of the [[Sisters of Mercy]] known for [[Sister Celine's polynomials]]. Her work was also important to [[Wilf–Zeilberger pair|WZ Theory]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Biographies/Fasenmyer.html|title=Fasenmyer biography|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[John Eccles (neurophysiologist)|John Eccles]] (1903–1997): Nobel laureate and neurophysiologist who was a devout theist and a practicing Catholic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pe/John_Eccles.html|title=The religion of John Eccles, Nobel Prize-winner in Medicine and Physiology|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Arthur Leonard Schawlow]] (1921–1999): Arthur Shawlow was an American [[physicist]] who is best remembered for his work on [[lasers]], for which he shared the 1981 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]]. Shawlow was a "fairy Orthodox Protestant."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/ps/Arthur_Schawlow.html|title=The religion of Arthur Schawlow, Nobel Prize-winning physicist; worked with lasers|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> In an interview, he commented regarding God: "I find a need for God in the universe and in my own life."<ref>{{Citation |last=Margenau |first=H. |authorlink=Henry Margenau |year=1992 |title=Cosmos, Bios, Theos: Scientists Reflect on Science, God, and the Origins of the Universe, Life, and Homo Sapiens |publisher=[[Open Court Publishing Company]] |page=105}} co-edited with [[Roy Abraham Varghese]]. This book is mentioned in a December 28, 1992 [[Time magazine]] article: [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,977352-1,00.html Galileo And Other Faithful Scientists]</ref> |
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*[[Carlos Chagas Filho]] (1910–2000): Neuroscientist who headed the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]] for 16 years. He studied the [[Shroud of Turin]] and his ''"the Origin of the Universe", "the Origin of Life", and "the Origin of Man"'' involved an understanding between Catholicism and Science. He was from [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>[http://www.abc.org.br/english/history/carlos_chagase.html Brazilian Academy of Sciences] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627122330/http://www.abc.org.br/english/history/carlos_chagase.html |date=2007-06-27 }}</ref> |
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== 2001–today (21st century) == |
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*[[Robert Boyd (physicist)|Sir Robert Boyd]] (1922–2004): pioneer in British space science who was Vice President of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]]. He lectured on faith being a founder of the "Research Scientists' Christian Fellowship" and an important member of its predecessor [[Christians in Science]].<ref> |
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[http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/products/journals/aag/AAG_June04/aag_45339.htm Obituary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060511062307/http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/products/journals/aag/AAG_June04/aag_45339.htm |date=2006-05-11 }} and [http://www.cis.org.uk/resources/articles/articles.shtml CiS]</ref> |
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*[[Rod Davies]] (1930-2015): a professor of [[radio astronomy]] at the [[University of Manchester]]. He was the president of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1987–1989, and director of the [[Jodrell Bank Observatory]] in 1988–97. He is best known for his research on the cosmic microwave background and the 21cm line. |
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* [[:d:Q8193470|Alberto Dou Mas de Xaxàs]] (1915–2009): Spanish/Catalan Jesuit priest and one of the foremost mathematicians of his country. He was a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences and a Professor of Mathematics at Universidad Complutense de Madrid and he was Rector of Universidad de Deusto from 1974 to 1977. |
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*[[Richard Smalley]] (1943–2005): A Nobel laureate in Chemistry known for [[Bucky ball|buckyballs]]. In his last years he renewed an interest in Christianity and supported [[Old Earth Creationism]] |
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*[[Mariano Artigas]] (1938–2006): He had doctorates in both physics and philosophy. He belonged to the European Association for the Study of Science and Theology and also received a grant from the Templeton Foundation for his work in the area of science and religion.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cuadrado |first=José Angel García |url=http://www.unav.es/cryf/english/martigas.html |title=Mariano Artigas (1938-2006). In memoriam. |publisher= |accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[J. Laurence Kulp]] (1921–2006): [[Plymouth Brethren]] member who led major studies on the effects of [[nuclear fallout]] and [[acid rain]]. He was a prominent advocate in [[American Scientific Affiliation]] circles in favor of an [[Age of the Earth|Old Earth]] and against [[flood geology]].<ref>{{Cite journal| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,809133-1,00.html |magazine=Time | title=Science: Man and Strontium 90 | date=February 18, 1957 | accessdate=May 5, 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.hss.energy.gov/healthsafety/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap13_3.html Chapter 13: The Practice of Secrecy<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv13n1/v13n1.html Regulation Magazine Vol. 13 No. 1<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref name="Numbers 624 pages">{{cite book |last=Numbers |first=Ronald |authorlink=Ronald Numbers |title=[[The Creationists]]: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design, Expanded Edition |publisher=Harvard University Press |date=November 30, 2006 |pages= |isbn=0-674-02339-0 }}</ref> |
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*[[Arthur Peacocke]] (1924–2006): Anglican priest and [[biochemist]], his ideas may have influenced Anglican and [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] views of evolution. Winner of the 2001 [[Templeton Prize]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://home.earthlink.net/~jjkeggi/SOSc/22_Peacocke.html|title=22 Peacocke|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[John Billings]] (1918–2007): Australian physician who developed the [[Billings ovulation method]] of [[Natural family planning]]. In 1969, Billings was made a Knight Commander of the [[Order of St. Gregory the Great]] (KCSG) by [[Pope Paul VI]].<ref>[http://www.catholicnews.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2062&Itemid=79 John Billings, founder of natural family planning method, dies at 89] - website The Catholic News</ref> |
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*[[Russell L. Mixter]] (1906–2007): Noted for leading the [[American Scientific Affiliation]] (ASA) away from anti-evolutionism, and for his advocacy of [[progressive creationism]].<ref name="Numbers 624 pages"/><ref>[http://www.wheaton.edu/Biology/opportunities/awards.htm Awards], Biology, [[Wheaton College (Illinois)|Wheaton College, Illinois]]</ref> |
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*[[Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker|C. F. von Weizsäcker]] (1912–2007): German nuclear physicist who is the co-discoverer of the [[Bethe-Weizsäcker formula]]. His ''The Relevance of Science: Creation and Cosmogony'' concerned Christian and moral impacts of science. He headed the [[Max Planck Society]] from 1970 to 1980. After that he retired to be a Christian pacifist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1976/JASA3-76Schaible.html|title=Science in Christian Perspective|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Stanley Jaki]] (1924–2009): [[Benedictine]] priest and Distinguished Professor of Physics at Seton Hall University, New Jersey, who won a Templeton Prize and advocated the idea modern science could only have arisen in a Christian society.<ref>http://pirate.shu.edu/~jakistan/JakisBooks/SaviorOfScience.htm</ref> |
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*[[Allan Sandage]] (1926–2010): astronomer who did not really study Christianity until after age forty. He wrote the article ''A Scientist Reflects on Religious Belief'' and made discoveries concerning the [[Cigar Galaxy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leaderu.com/truth/1truth15.html|title=A Scientist Reflects on Religious Belief|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953AJ.....58...61S|title=The color-magnitude diagram for the globular cluster M 3.|accessdate=15 January 2015 | bibcode=1953AJ.....58...61S|doi=10.1086/106822}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Sandage/|title=The Bruce Medalists: Allan Sandage|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqdDa-3zfhwC&pg=PA52&lpg=PA52&dq=allan+sandage+christianity&source=bl&ots=yA8j161WDe&sig=n4obKZ1k7NzUz3A8MaexaTJGfsU&hl=en&ei=V-8ZS-H-GcyknQf74LzUAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CBYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=allan%20sandage%20christianity&f=false|title=Science and the Spiritual Quest|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Ernan McMullin]] (1924–2011): Ordained in 1949 as a [[catholic priest]], McMullin was a [[philosopher of science]] who taught at the [[University of Notre Dame]]. McMullin wrote on the relationship between cosmology and theology, the role of values in understanding science, and the impact of science on Western religious thought, in books such as ''Newton on Matter and Activity'' (1978) and ''The Inference that Makes Science'' (1992). He was also an expert on the life of [[Galileo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://humbleapproach.templeton.org/Ultimate-God_Matter_Information/participants/mcmullin.html|title=John Templeton Foundation: Participants|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> McMullin also opposed [[intelligent design]] and defended [[theistic evolution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ncse.com/news/2011/02/ernan-mcmullin-dies-006483|title=Ernan McMullin dies - NCSE|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Joseph Murray]] (1919–2012): Catholic surgeon who pioneered transplant surgery. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://catholicreview.org/article/home/catholic-transplant-pioneer-nobel-prize-winner-joseph-murray-dies|work=The Catholic Review|title=Catholic transplant pioneer, Nobel Prize-winner Joseph Murray dies|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Ian Barbour]] (1923–2013): Physicist who wrote ''Christianity and the Scientists'' in 1960, and ''When Science Meets Religion'' {{ISBN|0-06-060381-X}} in 2000.<ref>http://www.templetonprize.org/bios_recent.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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* [[Charles H. Townes]] (1915–2015): In 1964 he won the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] and in 1966 he wrote ''The Convergence of Science and Religion''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/06/17_townes.shtml|title=Nobel Prize winner Charles Townes on evolution and "intelligent design"|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>http://www.templetonprize.org/townes_pressrelease.html</ref> |
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* [[Peter E. Hodgson]] (1928–2008): British physicist, was one of the first to identify the [[K meson]] and its decay into three pions, and a consultant to the Pontifical Council for Culture. |
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* [[Nicola Cabibbo]] (1935–2010): Italian physicist, discoverer of the universality of weak interactions ([[Cabibbo angle]]), President of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]] from 1993 until his death. |
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* [[Walter Thirring]] (1927-2014): Austrian physicist after whom the [[Thirring model]] in [[quantum field theory]] is named. He is the son of the physicist [[Hans Thirring]], co-discoverer of the Lense-Thirring [[frame dragging]] effect in [[general relativity]]. He also wrote ''Cosmic Impressions: Traces of God in the Laws of Nature''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thirring |first=Walter |title=Cosmic Impressions: Traces of God in the Laws of Nature |url=http://templetonpress.org/content/cosmic-impressions |publisher=Templeton Press |date=May 31, 2007 |isbn=978-1-59947-115-0}}</ref> |
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* [[Peter Grünberg]] (1939-2018): is a German physicist, and [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics laureate for his discovery with Albert Fert of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disk drives<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2007/grunberg-bio.html|title=I would like to add a remark on my religious believes. Brought up rather conservative catholique on|publisher=|accessdate=2016}}</ref> |
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* [[R. J. Berry]] (1934-2018): former president of both the [[Linnean Society of London]] and the "Christians in Science" group. He wrote ''God and the Biologist: Personal Exploration of Science and Faith'' (Apollos 1996) {{ISBN|0-85111-446-6}} He taught at [[University College London]] for over 20 years.<ref>{{cite web |author=InterVarsity Press |url=http://www.ivpress.com/cgi-ivpress/author.pl/author_id=43 |title=R. J. Berry |publisher= |accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>http://www.cis.org.uk/about/past_presidents.shtml</ref> |
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== Currently living == |
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=== Biological and Biomedical Sciences === |
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*[[Denis Alexander]] (born 1945): Emeritus Director of the [[Faraday Institute]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] and author of ''Rebuilding the Matrix – Science and Faith in the 21st Century''. He also supervised a research group in cancer and immunology at the [[Babraham Institute]].<ref>[http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/Biography.php?ID=9 Faraday Institute Biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703005627/http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/Biography.php?ID=9 |date=2007-07-03 }}</ref> |
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* [[Werner Arber]] (born 1929): Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. Along with American researchers Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans, he shared the 1978 [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction endonucleases. In 2011, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Arber as President of the Pontifical Academy—the first Protestant to hold that position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thebestschools.org/blog/2013/01/06/50-smartest-people-faith/|title=The 50 Smartest People of Faith|work=The Best Schools|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Francisco J. Ayala]] (born 1934): evolutionary biologist and philosopher. Known for his research in population and evolutionary genetics. Called the "[[Polymath|Renaissance Man]] of Evolutionary Biology." His studies and discoveries of human anatomy and physiology have opened up new methods and approaches to combating diseases and ailments.<ref>http://www.ntskeptics.org/news/news2006-04-22.htm</ref> |
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* [[Robert T. Bakker]] (born 1945): paleontologist who was a leading figure in the "[[Dinosaur Renaissance]]" and known for the theory some dinosaurs were [[warm-blooded]]. He is also a Pentecostal preacher who advocates [[theistic evolution]] and has written on religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prehistoricplanet.com/features/paleontologists/bakker.htm|title=Untitled Document|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>http://www.experiencefestival.com/robert_t_bakker</ref> |
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* [[Dan Blazer]] (born 1944): American psychiatrist and medical researcher who is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the [[Duke University School of Medicine]]. He is known for researching the epidemiology of depression, substance use disorders, and the occurrence of suicide among the elderly. He has also researched the differences in the rate of substance use disorders among races.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdT9_7WhhyQ</ref> |
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*[[Derek Burke]] (born 1930): British academic and molecular biologist. Formerly a vice-chancellor of the [[University of East Anglia]]. Specialist advisor to the House of Commons Select Committee on Science and Technology since 1985. |
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* [[William Cecil Campbell]] (born 1930): is an Irish-American biologist and parasitologist known for his work in discovering a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworms, for which he was jointly awarded the 2015 [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology or Medicine<ref>"I believe in God. I pray every single night of my life, but I have a very complicated sense of religion, and I am pretty fuzzy in that segment of my life" in http://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/meet-ireland-s-new-nobel-laureate-william-c-campbell-1.2385532</ref> |
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* [[Ben Carson]] (born 1951): American neurosurgeon. The first to successfully separate conjoined twins joined at the head.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commentary on the Life of Ben Carson|url=http://afam.nts.jhu.edu/people/Carson/carson.completebio.pdf|publisher=Johns Hopkins University}}</ref> |
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* [[Francis Collins (geneticist)|Francis Collins]] (born 1950): director of the [[National Institutes of Health]] and former director of the US [[National Human Genome Research Institute]]. He has also written on religious matters in articles and the book ''The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief.''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=cache:FmMrvBEzzoEJ:www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2003/PSCF9-03Collins.pdf+%22Francis+S.+Collins%22+%22Christian%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=4|title=Faith and the Human Genome|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genome.gov/10000779|title=Former NHGRI Director Francis S. Collins|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Peter Dodson]] (born 1946): American paleontologist who has published many papers and written and collaborated on books about dinosaurs. An authority on Ceratopsians, he has also authored several papers and textbooks on hadrosaurs and sauropods, and is a co-editor of ''[[The Dinosauria (book)|The Dinosauria]]''. He is a professor of Vertebrate Paleontology and of Veterinary Anatomy at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. |
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* [[Lindon Eaves]] (born 1944): British [[Behavioural genetics|behavioral geneticist]] who has published on topics as diverse as the [[heritability]] of [[religion]] and [[psychopathology]]. In 1996, he and [[Kenneth Kendler]] founded the Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics at [[Virginia Commonwealth University]], where he is currently professor emeritus and actively engaged in research and training.<ref>https://onbeing.org/programs/carl-feit-anne-foerst-and-lindon-eaves-science-and-being/</ref><ref>http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/sci_cult/lesswrong/descartes/eaves.html</ref> |
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* [[Darrel R. Falk]] (born 1946): American biologist and the former president of the [[BioLogos Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biologos.org/blog/author/darrel-falk|title=Darrel Falk - The BioLogos Forum|work=BioLogos.org|accessdate=15 January 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501111122/http://biologos.org/blog/author/darrel-falk/|archivedate=1 May 2012|df=}}</ref> |
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*[[Kevin T. Fitzgerald]] (1955-): American molecular biologist and holds the Dr. David Lauler chair in Catholic Health Care Ethics at [[Georgetown University]] |
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* [[Charles A. Foster|Charles Foster]] (born 1962): science writer on [[natural history]], [[evolutionary biology]], and [[theology]]. A Fellow of [[Green Templeton College, Oxford]], the [[Royal Geographical Society]], and [[the Linnean Society of London]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.charlesfoster.co.uk/?page_id=2|title=Biography|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> Foster has advocated [[theistic evolution]] in his book, ''The Selfless Gene'' (2009).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Selfless_Gene.html?id=i5QJ5mHaghYC&redir_esc=y|title=The Selfless Gene|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[John Gurdon]] (born 1933): British developmental biologist. In 2012, he and Shinya Yamanaka were awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be converted to stem cells. In an interview with EWTN.com on the subject of working with the Vatican in dialogue, he says "I'm not a Roman Catholic. I'm a Christian, of the Church of England...I've never seen the Vatican before, so that's a new experience, and I'm grateful for it."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/vnews/getstory.asp?number=125061|title=EWTN.com - Nobel Prize Winner Participates at Vatican Conference|work=EWTN|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Brian Heap]] (born 1935): biologist who was [[Master (college)|Master]] of [[St Edmund's College, Cambridge|St Edmund's College]], [[University of Cambridge]] and was a founding member of the [[International Society for Science and Religion]].<ref>https://www.faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/Biography.php?ID=13</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp |title=Founding Members of ISSR |publisher= |accessdate=15 January 2015 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329223546/http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp |archivedate=29 March 2008 |df= }}</ref> |
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* [[William B. Hurlbut]]: physician and consulting professor at the Stanford Neuroscience Institute, [[Stanford University Medical Center]]. He served for eight years on the [[President's Council on Bioethics]] and is nationally known for his advocacy of [[Altered Nuclear Transfer]] (ANT). He is a Christian of no denomination and did three years of post-doctoral study in theology and medical ethics at Stanford.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stanford.edu/~ethics/Site/Main.html|title=Main|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2004/11/21/new_technique_eyed_in_stem_cell_debate?pg=full Boston Globe]</ref> |
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* [[Larry Kwak]] (born 1959): renowned American cancer researcher who works at [[City of Hope National Medical Center]]. He was formerly Chairman of the Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma and Co-Director of the Center for Cancer Immunology Research at [[University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center|MD Anderson Hospital]].<ref>https://biologos.org/blogs/archive/serving-god-in-the-struggle-against-cancer-an-interview-with-larry-kwak></ref> He was included on [[Time (magazine)|Time's]] [[Time 100#2010|list of 2010's most influential people]]. |
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* [[Denis Lamoureux]] (born 1954): [[evolutionary creationist]]. He holds a professorial chair of science and religion at [[St. Joseph's College, Edmonton|St. Joseph's College]] at the [[University of Alberta]] —the first of its kind in Canada. Co-wrote (with Phillip E. Johnson) ''Darwinism Defeated? The Johnson-Lamoureux Debate on Biological Origins'' (1999). Wrote ''Evolutionary Creation: A Christian Approach to Evolution'' (2008).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ualberta.ca/~dlamoure/|title=Denis O. Lamoureux Webpage|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Noella Marcellino]] (born 1951): American Benedictine nun with a degree in microbiology. Her field of interests include fungi and the effects of decay and putrefaction.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gaudette |first=Karen |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/foodwine/2003708130_cheesenun16.html |title=The mother of cheesemaking has art down to a science |accessdate=2009-01-18 |date=May 16, 2007 |publisher=The [[Seattle Times]]}}</ref> |
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* [[Alister McGrath]] (born 1953): prolific Anglican theologian who has written on the relationship between science and theology in ''[[A Scientific Theology]]''. McGrath holds two doctorates from the [[University of Oxford]], a DPhil in Molecular Biophysics and a Doctor of Divinity in Theology. He has responded to the [[new atheists]] in several books, i.e. ''[[The Dawkins Delusion?]]''. He is the [[Andreas Idreos]] Professor of Science and Religion at Oxford.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ianramseycentre.info/blog/new-andreas-idreos-professor-of-science-and-religion-.html|title=New Andreas Idreos Professor of Science and Religion|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Paul R. McHugh]] (born 1931): American psychiatrist whose research has focused on the neuroscientific foundations of motivated behaviors, psychiatric genetics, epidemiology, and neuropsychiatry. He is Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the [[Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine]] and former psychiatrist-in-chief at the [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]]. |
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* [[Kenneth R. Miller]] (born 1948): biology professor at [[Brown University]] who wrote ''Finding Darwin's God'' {{ISBN|0-06-093049-7}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2005/11/05/State/Intelligent_design_ma.shtml|title=State: Intelligent design makes for big bang|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Simon Conway Morris|Simon C. Morris]] (born 1951): British paleontologist who made his reputation through study of the [[Burgess Shale]] fossils. He has held the Chair of Evolutionary Palaeobiology in the Department of Earth Sciences, [[University of Cambridge]] since 1995. He was the co-winner of a [[Charles Doolittle Walcott Medal]] and also won a [[Lyell Medal]]. He is active in the [[Faraday Institute]] for study of science and religion and is also noted on discussions concerning the idea of [[theistic evolution]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/070206gifford.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-02-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409234638/http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/070206gifford.html |archivedate=2008-04-09 |df= }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20061012120932/http://www.stmarylebow.co.uk/?download=BoyleLecture05.pdf</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bu.edu/sjmag/scimag2005/features/evolution.htm|title=Evolving Truth|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[William Newsome]] (born 1952): [[neuroscientist]] at [[Stanford University]]. A member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]]. Co-chair of the [[BRAIN Initiative]], "a rapid planning effort for a ten-year assault on how the brain works."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nature.com/news/neuroscience-solving-the-brain-1.13382|title=Neuroscience: Solving the brain|work=Nature News & Comment|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> He has written about his faith: "When I discuss religion with my fellow scientists...I realize I am an oddity — a serious Christian and a respected scientist."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stanmed.stanford.edu/2006summer/newsome.html|title=Of two minds|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Martin Nowak]] (born 1965): evolutionary biologist and mathematician best known for [[evolutionary dynamics]]. He teaches at [[Harvard University]] and is also a member of the Board of Advisers of the [[Templeton Foundation]].<ref>[http://www.templeton.org/about_us/who_we_are/board_of_advisors/ About Us : Who We Are : Board of Advisors<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070123171823/http://www.templeton.org/about_us/who_we_are/board_of_advisors/ |date=2007-01-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/09/27/mathematics_and_faith_explain_altruism/ |work=The Boston Globe |first=Rich |last=Barlow |title=Mathematics and faith explain altruism |date=27 September 2008}}</ref> |
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* [[Bennet Omalu]] (born 1968): a Nigerian-American physician, forensic pathologist, and neuropathologist who was the first to discover and publish findings of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in American football players. He is a professor in the [[UC Davis]] Department of Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.<ref>http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/concussion-doctors-catholic-faith-guided-his-investigation-of-nfl-stars-dea</ref> |
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*[[Tadeusz Pacholczyk]] (1965–): [[priest]], [[neurobiologist]], and writer |
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* [[Ghillean Prance]] (born 1937): botanist involved in the [[Eden Project]]. He is a former President of [[Christians in Science]].<ref>[http://www.cis.org.uk/about-cis/presidents/ CiS Presidents list]</ref> |
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* [[Joan Roughgarden]] (born 1946): evolutionary biologist who has taught at [[Stanford University]] since 1972. She wrote the book ''Evolution and Christian Faith: Reflections of an Evolutionary Biologist''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fccb.org/programs/details.php?eventID%3D190 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=September 19, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008183805/http://www.fccb.org/programs/details.php?eventID=190 |archivedate=October 8, 2007 }}</ref> |
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* [[Mary Higby Schweitzer]]: paleontologist at [[North Carolina State University]] who believes in the synergy of the Christian faith and the truth of empirical science.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/dinosaur-shocker-115306469/?no-ist|title=Dinosaur Shocker|work=Smithsonian|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://discovermagazine.com/2006/apr/dinosaur-dna|title=Schweitzer's Dangerous Discovery|work=Discover Magazine|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Andrew Wyllie]]: Scottish pathologist who discovered the significance of natural cell death, later naming the process [[apoptosis]]. Prior to retirement, he was Head of the Department of Pathology at the [[University of Cambridge]].<ref>https://scienceandbelief.org/2011/01/27/death-as-preservative/</ref> |
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=== Chemistry === |
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* [[Peter Agre]] (born January 30, 1949): American physician, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor, and molecular biologist at [[Johns Hopkins University]] who was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (which he shared with Roderick MacKinnon) for his discovery of aquaporins. Agre is a Lutheran.<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/868/000100568/</ref> |
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* [[Andrew B. Bocarsly]] (born 1954): American chemist known for his research in electrochemistry, photochemistry, solids state chemistry, and fuel cells. He is a professor of chemistry at [[Princeton University]].<ref>http://stonehillprinceton.org/staff/andy-bocarsly</ref> |
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* [[Gerhard Ertl]] (born 1936): 2007 [[Nobel Prize]] winner in Chemistry. He has said in an interview that "I believe in God. (...) I am a Christian and I try to live as a Christian (...) I read the Bible very often and I try to understand it."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cicero.de/97.php?ress_id=6&item=2223 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2008-06-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130213538/http://www.cicero.de/97.php?ress_id=6&item=2223 |archivedate=2007-11-30 |df= }}</ref> |
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* [[Brian Kobilka]] (born 1955): American [[Nobel Prize]] winner of Chemistry in 2012, and is professor in the departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at [[Stanford University School of Medicine]]. Kobilka attends the Catholic Community at Stanford, California.<ref name="thecatholicspirit.com">{{cite web|url=http://thecatholicspirit.com/to-do/arts-and-culture/little-falls-native-wins-nobel-prize-in-chemistry/|title=Little Falls native wins Nobel Prize in chemistry|work=TheCatholicSpirit.com|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> He also received the '''Mendel Medal''' from [[Villanova University]], which it says "honors outstanding pioneering scientists who have demonstrated, by their lives and their standing before the world as scientists, that there is no intrinsic conflict between science and religion."<ref>[https://www1.villanova.edu/villanova/media/pressreleases/2015/0618-1.html Villanova University]</ref> |
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* [[Todd Martinez]] (born 1968): American theoretical chemist who is a professor of chemistry at [[Stanford University]] and a Professor of Photon Science at the [[SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory]]. His research focuses primarily on developing first-principles approaches to chemical reaction dynamics, starting from the fundamental equations of quantum mechanics.<ref>https://www.calvin.edu/publications/spark/2006/summer/martinez-todd.htm</ref> |
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* [[Henry F. Schaefer, III]] (born 1944) American computational and theoretical chemist, and one of the most highly cited scientists in the world with a Thomson Reuters H-Index of 116. He is the Graham Perdue Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Center for Computational Chemistry at the [[University of Georgia]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050304033131/http://www.uga.edu/cff/testimonies/schaefer.pdf</ref> |
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* [[James Tour]] (born 1959): Chao Professor of Chemistry at [[Rice University]], Texas, where he also holds faculty appointments in computer science and materials; recognized as one of the world's leading nano-engineers. Gained his Ph.D. in synthetic organic and organometallic chemistry from Purdue University, and postdoctoral training in synthetic organic chemistry at the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. An Evangelical Christian, Tour has written: "I build molecules for a living, I can't begin to tell you how difficult that job is. I stand in awe of God because of what he has done through his creation. Only a rookie who knows nothing about science would say science takes away from faith. If you really study science, it will bring you closer to God."<ref name=Strobel2000>{{Citation |last=Strobel |first=Lee |title=The Case For Faith |year=2000 |page=111 |isbn=0-310-23469-7}}</ref> |
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* [[Troy Van Voorhis]]: American chemist who is currently the Haslam and Dewey Professor of Chemistry at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].<ref>http://www.veritas.org/nyt-columnist-interviews-theoretical-chemist-on-faith-and-science/</ref> |
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* [[John White (chemist)]]: renowned Australian chemist who is currently Professor of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Research School of Chemistry, at the [[Australian National University]]. He is a Past President, [[Royal Australian Chemical Institute]] and President of Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering.<ref>http://www.australasianscience.com.au/article/issue-march-2012/immersed-chemistry.html</ref> |
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=== Physics and Astronomy === |
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* [[Freeman Dyson]] (born 1923): is an English-born American theoretical physicist and mathematician, known for his work in [[quantum electrodynamics]], [[solid-state physics]], [[astronomy]] and [[nuclear engineering]]. |
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* [[Stephen Barr]] (born 1953): physicist who worked at [[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] and contributed papers to [[Physical Review]] as well as [[Physics Today]]. He also is a Catholic who writes for [[First Things]] and wrote [[Modern Physics and Ancient Faith]]. He teaches at the [[University of Delaware]].<ref>[http://web.physics.udel.edu/about/directory/faculty/stephen-barr University of Delaware],[http://undpress.nd.edu/book/P00848 University of Notre Dame Press], and [http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/features2006/sbarr_interview_sept06.asp Interview at Ignatius Insight]</ref> |
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* [[John D. Barrow]] (born 1952): English cosmologist based at the [[University of Cambridge]] who did notable writing on the implications of the [[Anthropic principle]]. He is a [[United Reformed Church]] member and won the [[Templeton Prize]] in 2006. He once held the position of [[Gresham Professor of Astronomy]] as well as [[Gresham Professor of Geometry]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/16/science/16prize.html?ex=1300165200&en=dbf830e32388ec14&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss |work=The New York Times |first=Dennis |last=Overbye |title=Math Professor Wins a Coveted Religion Award |date=16 March 2006}}</ref><ref>http://www.templetonprize.org/barrow_bios.html</ref> |
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* [[Jocelyn Bell Burnell]] (born 1943): an astrophysicist from Northern Ireland who discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967. She is currently Visiting Professor of Astrophysics at the [[University of Oxford]]. |
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* [[Katherine Blundell]]: British astrophysicist who is a Professor of Astrophysics at the [[University of Oxford]] and a supernumerary research fellow at St John's College, Oxford. Her research investigates the physics of active galaxies such as quasars and objects in the Milky Way such as microquasars.<ref>https://oxfordconversations.org/katherine-blundell-scholars</ref> |
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* [[Stephen Blundell]] (born 1967): British physicist who is a Professor of Physics at the [[University of Oxford]]. He was the previously head of Condensed Matter Physics at Oxford. His research is concerned with using muon-spin rotation and magnetoresistance techniques to study a range of organic and inorganic materials.<ref>https://www.faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/Biography.php?ID=33</ref> |
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* [[Andrew Briggs]] (born 1950): British scientist who is Professor of Nanomaterials at the [[University of Oxford]]. He is best known for his early work in acoustic microscopy and his current work in materials for quantum technologies.<ref>http://www.amcf-int.org/resources/other/god.htm</ref><ref>https://www.faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/CIS/briggs/Andrew%20Briggs%20-%20lecture.htm</ref> |
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* [[Raymond Chiao]] (born 1940): American physicist renowned for his experimental work in quantum optics. He is currently an emeritus faculty member at the [[University of California, Merced]] Physics Department, where he is conducting research on gravitational radiation.<ref>http://www.counterbalance.org/ctns-vo/chiao-body.html</ref><ref>https://melwild.wordpress.com/2017/07/11/the-spiritual-realm/</ref> |
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* [[Gerald B. Cleaver]]: professor in the Department of Physics at [[Baylor University]] and head of the Early Universe Cosmology and Strings (EUCOS) division of Baylor's Center for Astrophysics, Space Physics & Engineering Research (CASPER). His research specialty is string phenomenology and string model building. He is linked to BioLogos and among his lectures are ""Faith and the New Cosmology."<ref>[http://baylorlariat.com/2012/03/30/lecture-series-seeks-accord-of-science-faith/ Baylor Lariat]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://biologos.org/blog/universe-and-multiverse-part-1|title=Universe and Multiverse, Part 1|work=BioLogos.org|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Guy Consolmagno]] (born 1952): American Jesuit astronomer who works at the [[Vatican Observatory]]. |
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* [[George Coyne]] (born 1933): Jesuit astronomer and former director of the [[Vatican Observatory]]. |
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* [[Cees Dekker]] (born 1959): Dutch physicist and Distinguished University Professor at the [[Technical University of Delft]]. He is known for his research on carbon nanotubes, single-molecule biophysics, and nanobiology. Ten of his group publications have been cited more than 1000 times, 64 papers got cited more than 100 times, and in 2001, his group work was selected as "breakthrough of the year" by the journal ''[[Science (journal)|Science]]''.<ref>http://globalstories.tudelft.nl/story/cees-dekker/</ref> |
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* [[:d:Q16598330|Manuel García Doncel]] (born 1930): Spanish Jesuit physicist, formerly Professor of Physics at [[Universidad de Barcelona]]. |
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* [[George Francis Rayner Ellis]] (born 1939): professor of Complex Systems in the Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics at the [[University of Cape Town]] in South Africa. He co-authored The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time with University of Cambridge physicist Stephen Hawking, published in 1973, and is considered one of the world's leading theorists in cosmology. He is an active Quaker and in 2004 he won the Templeton Prize. |
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* [[Gerald Gabrielse]] (born 1951): American physicist renowned for his work on anti-matter. He is the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics at [[Harvard University]], incoming Board of Trustees Professor of Physics and Director of the Center for Fundamental Physics at Low Energy at [[Northwestern University]].<ref>https://www.calvin.edu/publications/spark/2006/fall/gabrielse-gerald.htm</ref><ref>https://www.faraday.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/CIS/Gabrielse/discussion.htm</ref> |
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* [[Pamela L. Gay]] (born 1973): American astronomer, educator and writer, best known for her work in astronomical podcasting. Doctor Gay received her PhD from the University of Texas, Austin, in 2002.<ref>[http://network.asa3.org/blogpost/999882/176084/Good-Science-Blogs ASA list of science blogs]</ref> Her position as both a skeptic and Christian has been noted upon.<ref>[http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2010/06/26/what-to-do-with-those-pesky-re/ What to do with those pesky religious skeptics by Greg Laden on scienceblogs.com]</ref> |
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* [[Karl W. Giberson]] (born 1957): Canadian physicist and evangelical, formerly a physics professor at Eastern Nazarene College in Massachusetts, Giberson is a prolific author specializing in the creation-evolution debate and who formerly served as vice president of the [[BioLogos Foundation]].<ref>http://biologos.org/blog/karl-giberson-moves-on-to-create-more-time-for-writing</ref> He has published several books on the relationship between science and religion, such as ''The Language of Science and Faith: Straight Answers to Genuine Questions'' and ''Saving Darwin: How to be a Christian and Believe in Evolution''. |
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* [[Owen Gingerich]] (born 1930): [[Mennonite]] astronomer who went to [[Goshen College]] and Harvard. He is Professor Emeritus of Astronomy and of the History of Science at [[Harvard University]] and Senior Astronomer Emeritus at the [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory]]. Mr. Gingerich has written about people of faith in science history.<ref>http://www.space.com/colleges/college_gingerich_profile_000921.html</ref><ref>http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/cis/gingerich/index.html</ref> |
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* [[J. Richard Gott]] (born 1947): professor of [[astrophysical sciences]] at [[Princeton University]]. He is known for developing and advocating two cosmological theories with the flavor of [[science fiction]]: [[Time travel]] and the [[Doomsday argument]]. When asked of his religious views in relation to his science, Gott responded that "I’m a Presbyterian. I believe in God; I always thought that was the humble position to take. I like what Einstein said: "God is subtle but not malicious." I think if you want to know how the universe started, that's a legitimate question for physics. But if you want to know why it's here, then you may have to know—to borrow Stephen Hawking's phrase—the mind of God."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.science-spirit.org/article_detail.php?article_id=270|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20070928020457/http://www.science-spirit.org/article_detail.php?article_id=270|title=J. Richard Gott on Life, the Universe, and Everything|archivedate=28 September 2007|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Monica Grady]] (born 1958): leading British space scientist, primarily known for her work on meteorites. She is currently Professor of Planetary and Space Science at the [[Open University]]. |
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* [[Robert Griffiths (physicist)|Robert Griffiths]] (born 1937): noted American physicist at [[Carnegie Mellon University]]. He has written on matters of science and religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/1980/JASA9-80Griffiths.html|title=Not Scientific Quality I was quite disappointed in the article on|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Frank Haig]] (1928-): American physics professor |
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* [[John Hartnett (physicist)|John Hartnett]] (born 1952): Australian [[Young Earth creationism|Young Earth Creationist]] who has a PhD and whose research interests include ultra low-noise radar and ultra high stability [[cryogenic]] microwave [[oscillator]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Where Is the Best Clock in the Universe? |work=arXiv blog|publisher= MIT, Technology Review |url= http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/25008/|quote= The widespread belief that pulsars are the best clocks in the universe is wrong, say physicists.|accessdate= 2011-11-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last2=Andre |first2=Luiten, |first=John |last=Hartnett |title=Colloquium: Comparison of Astrophysical and Terrestrial Frequency Standards |publisher=Cornell University Library, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol. 83, 2011 |quote=We have re-analyzed the stability of pulse arrival times from pulsars and white dwarfs using several analysis tools for measuring the noise characteristics of sampled time and frequency data. We show that the best terrestrial artificial clocks substantially exceed the performance of astronomical sources as time-keepers in terms of accuracy (as defined by cesium primary frequency standards) and stability. ...we show that detailed accuracy evaluations of modern terrestrial clocks imply that these new clocks are likely to have a stability better than any astronomical source up to comparison times of at least hundreds of years. |pages=1–9 |year=2011 |doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1 |volume=83 |journal=Reviews of Modern Physics |arxiv=1004.0115 |bibcode=2011RvMP...83....1H }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://creation.com/starlight-time-and-the-new-physics-tour-with-dr-john-hartnett |title=Starlight, Time and the New Physics tour with Dr John Hartnett |first= |last= |work=creation.com |year=2012 |accessdate=23 February 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426112952/http://creation.com/starlight-time-and-the-new-physics-tour-with-dr-john-hartnett |archivedate=26 April 2009 |df= }}</ref> |
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* [[Daniel E. Hastings]]: American physicist renowned for his contributions in spacecraft and space system-environment interactions, space system architecture, and leadership in aerospace research and education.<ref>https://smart.mit.edu/news-events/news/five-from-smart-elected-to-the-national-academy-of-engineering</ref> He is currently the Cecil and Ida Green Education Professor at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].<ref>http://www.veritas.org/danielhastings-career/</ref> |
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* [[Katharine Hayhoe]] (born 1972): Canadian atmospheric physicist who is Director of the Climate Science Center at [[Texas Tech University]]. She is also the CEO of the consulting firm ATMOS Research and Consulting. |
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* [[Michał Heller]] (born 1936): Catholic priest, a member of the Pontifical Academy of Theology, a founding member of the ''International Society for Science and Religion''. He also is a mathematical physicist who has written articles on relativistic physics and [[Noncommutative geometry]]. His cross-disciplinary book ''Creative Tension: Essays on Science and Religion'' came out in 2003. For this work he won a Templeton Prize. <ref group="note">He teaches at [[Kraków]], hence the picture of a Basilica from the city.</ref><ref>[http://www.templeton.org/hai_relational_ontology/participants/heller.html Templeton Foundation], [http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JMAPAQ000036000007003644000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes Journal of Mathematical Physics], and [http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp ISSR] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307010942/http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp |date=2005-03-07 }}</ref> |
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* [[Antony Hewish]] (born 1924): British Radio Astronomer who won the [[Nobel Prize for Physics]] in 1974 (together with [[Martin Ryle]]) for his work on the development of radio [[aperture synthesis]] and its role in the discovery of [[pulsars]]. He was also awarded the [[Eddington Medal]] of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]] in 1969. Hewish is a Christian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adherents.com/people/ph/Antony_Hewish.html|title=The religion of Antony Hewish, Nobel Prize-winning physicist; radio astronomer; known for work on pulsars|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> Hewish also wrote in his introduction to [[John Polkinghorne]]'s 2009 [[Questions of Truth]], "The ghostly presence of virtual particles defies rational common sense and is non-intuitive for those unacquainted with physics. Religious belief in God, and Christian belief ... may seem strange to common-sense thinking. But when the most elementary physical things behave in this way, we should be prepared to accept that the deepest aspects of our existence go beyond our common-sense understanding."<ref>{{cite book |last=Polkinghorne |first=J. C. |last2=Polkinghorne |first2=John |last3=Beale |first3=Nicholas |title=Questions of Truth: Fifty-One Responses to Questions about God, Science, and Belief |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jiXANZ1CPD4C |accessdate=27 July 2012 |date=16 January 2009 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-23351-8 |page=12}}</ref> |
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* [[Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.]] (born 1941): American astrophysicist and [[Nobel Prize]] laureate in Physics for his discovery with Russell Alan Hulse of a "new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation." He was the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor in Physics at [[Princeton University]].<ref>http://2012daily.com/?q=node/121</ref> |
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* [[John T. Houghton]] (born 1931): British atmospheric physicist who was the co-chair of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] winning Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) scientific assessment working group. He was professor in atmospheric physics at the [[University of Oxford]] and former Director General at the [[Met Office]]. |
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* [[Colin Humphreys]] (born 1941): British physicist. He is the former Goldsmiths’ Professor of Materials Science and a current Director of Research at the [[University of Cambridge]], Professor of Experimental Physics at the Royal Institution in London and a Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge. Humphreys also "studies the Bible when not pursuing his day-job as a materials scientist."<ref>Cambridge University. April 17, 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-23. "The new study is based on earlier research which Professor Humphreys carried out with the Oxford astrophysicist, Graeme Waddington, in 1983. This identified the date of Jesus’ crucifixion as the morning of Friday, April 3rd, AD 33 – which has since been widely accepted by other scholars as well. For Professor Humphreys, who only studies the Bible when not pursuing his day-job as a materials scientist, this presented an opportunity to deal with the equally difficult issue of when (and how) Jesus’ Last Supper really took place."</ref> |
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* [[Ian Hutchinson (scientist)]]: physicist and nuclear engineer. He is currently Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering at the Plasma Science and Fusion Center, [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. |
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* [[Christopher Isham]] (born 1944): theoretical physicist who developed [[HPO formalism]]. He teaches at [[Imperial College London]]. In addition to being a physicist, he is a philosopher and theologian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leaderu.com/offices/schaefer/docs/bigbang.html|title=Stephen Hawking, the Big Bang, and God|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:dc2N-3UPd4cJ:www.fqxi.org/community/articles/download/__details/Isham_Christopher.pdf+christopher+isham+physicist&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShU0T2RqmXJOydIR31_2TL4ir6aeMwwWBI3Di0b-lH13Mj_hwnD0nlpp2Viaw7Pd9IhB6jEi45d0rX5nKizPYZt3TWx1Jv0TUjHYqqLEmdg9Lh9CSw41_Guw0i3Mt0VKR6BiXcE&sig=AHIEtbQopkUaNrcAgVpyR2CBIdsZfu-1sw Christopher Isham]</ref> |
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* [[Stephen R. Kane]] (born 1973): Australian astrophysicist who specializes in exoplanetary science. He is a professor of Astronomy and Planetary Astrophysics at the [[University of California, Riverside]] and a leading expert on the topic of planetary habitability and the habitable zone of planetary systems.<ref>https://shop.reasons.org/product/347/how-old-is-the-universe</ref><ref>http://www.godandscience.org/youngearth/age_of_universe_evidence.html</ref> |
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* [[Ard Louis]]: Professor in Theoretical Physics at the [[University of Oxford]]. Prior to his post at Oxford he taught Theoretical Chemistry at the [[University of Cambridge]] where he was also director of studies in Natural Sciences at Hughes Hall. He has written for The BioLogos Forum.<ref>http://biologos.org/uploads/projects/louis_white_paper.pdf</ref> |
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* [[Jonathan Lunine]] (born 1959): American planetary scientist and physicist, and the David C. Duncan Professor in the Physical Sciences and Director of the Center for Radiophysics and Space Research at [[Cornell University]].<ref>https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2016/11/16/did-you-know-theres-society-catholic-scientists</ref> |
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* [[Juan Maldacena]] (born 1968): Argentine theoretical physicist and string theorist, best known for the most reliable realization of the holographic principle - the [[AdS/CFT]] correspondence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clarin.com/sociedad/medida-aprendiendo-compatibilizar-ciencia-religion_0_1028297221.html|title=A medida que voy aprendiendo, trato de compatibilizar la ciencia con la religión|work=Clarin.com|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> He is a professor at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] in Princeton, New Jersey and in 2016 became the first Carl P. Feinberg Professor of Theoretical Physics in the Institute's School of Natural Sciences. |
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* [[Ross H. McKenzie]] (born 1960): Australian physicist who is Professor of Physics at the [[University of Queensland]]. From 2008 to 2012 he held an Australian Professorial Fellowship from the [[Australian Research Council]]. He works on quantum many-body theory of complex materials ranging from organic superconductors to biomolecules to rare-earth oxide catalysts.<ref>http://whyibelieve.org.au/mckenzie.html</ref> |
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* [[Tom McLeish]] (born 1962): a theoretical physicist whose work is renowned for increasing our understanding of the properties of soft matter. He was Professor in the [[Durham University]] Department of Physics and Director of the Durham Centre for Soft Matter. He is now the first Chair of Natural Philosophy at the [[University of York]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150329120640/http://greenbelt.org.uk/contributors/tom-mcleish/</ref> |
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*[[Stephen C. Meyer]] (born 1958): physicist and earth science. Meyers wrote [[Signature in the Cell]] and Darwin's Doubt. Worked as a geophysicist for the Atlantic Richfield Company. Meyer earned his Ph.D. in history and philosophy of science in 1991. Director of the [[Center for Science and Culture]] at the [[Discovery Institute]] and Vice President and Senior Fellow at the DI.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discovery.org|title=Discovery Institute|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Charles W. Misner]] (born 1932): American physicist and one of the authors of ''[[Gravitation (book)|Gravitation]]''. His work has provided early foundations for studies of quantum gravity and numerical relativity. He is Professor Emeritus of Physics at the [[University of Maryland]].<ref>http://www2.physics.umd.edu/~misner/Brief%20CV.pdf</ref> |
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* [[Barth Netterfield]] (born 1968): Canadian astrophysicist and Professor in the Department of Astronomy and the Department of Physics at the [[University of Toronto]].<ref>http://csca.ca/events/event/barth-netterfield-looking-back-to-the-beginning-an-astrophysicist-discusses-microwaves-balloons-and-god/</ref> |
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* [[Don Page (physicist)|Don Page]] (born 1948):<ref>[https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/34294 Interview of Don Page at the American Institute of Physics page]</ref> Canadian theoretical physicist and practicing Evangelical Christian, Page is known for having published several journal articles with [[Stephen Hawking]].<ref name="BlackHoleWarBook">{{cite book |last=Susskind |first=Leonard |title=The Black Hole War: My battle with Stephen Hawking to make the world safe for quantum mechanics |year=2008 |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=0-316-01640-3 |url=https://www.amazon.com/Black-Hole-War-Stephen-Mechanics/dp/0316016403 |page=253}}</ref><ref name="Holder2013">{{cite book |last=Holder |first=Rodney |title=Big Bang Big God: A Universe Designed for Life? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUeAAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 |date=18 October 2013 |publisher=Lion Books |isbn=978-0-7459-5626-8 |pages=128–129}}</ref> |
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* [[William Daniel Phillips]] (born 1948): 1997 [[Nobel Prize]] laureate in Physics (1997) who is a founding member of The International Society for Science and Religion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307010942/http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp|title=Founding Members of ISSR|archivedate=7 March 2005|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Karin Öberg]] (born 1982): [[Swedish people|Swedish]] [[Astrochemistry|astrochemist]] <ref name=":0">Öberg, Karin I. (2009). ''Complex processes in simple ices - Laboratory and observational studies of gas-grain interactions during star formation'' (Ph.D.). Leiden University.[https://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/events/phdtheses/oberg/oberg_thesis.pdf]</ref>, professor of [[Astronomy]] at [[Harvard University]] and leader of the Öberg Astrochemistry Group at the [[Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics|Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url = https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~koberg/Home.html|title = Home|date = |accessdate = |website = The Öberg Astrochemistry Group|publisher = Harvard University|last = Öberg|first = Karin}}</ref> |
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* [[Andrew Pinsent]] (born 1966): Catholic priest, is the Research Director of the Ian Ramsey Centre for Science and Religion at the [[University of Oxford]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andrewpinsent.info/|title=Andrew Pinsent - Home|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> He is also a particle physicist, whose previous work contributed to the [[DELPHI]] experiment at [[CERN]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://delphiwww.cern.ch/pubxx/delnote/dn_all.html|title=DELPHI Notes|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[John Polkinghorne]] (born 1930): British particle physicist and [[Anglicanism|Anglican]] priest who wrote ''Science and the Trinity'' (2004) {{ISBN|0-300-10445-6}}. He was professor of mathematical physics at the [[University of Cambridge]] prior to becoming a priest. Winner of the 2002 Templeton Prize.<ref>[http://www.polkinghorne.net/ His own website]</ref> |
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* [[Hugh Ross (astrophysicist)|Hugh Ross]] (born 1945): Canadian astrophysicist, Christian apologist, and old Earth creationist whose postdoctoral research at [[Caltech]] was in studying quasars and galaxies. |
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* [[Marlan Scully]] (born 1939): American physicist best known for his work in theoretical quantum optics. He is a professor at [[Texas A&M University]] and [[Princeton University]]. Additionally, in 2012 he developed a lab at the [[Baylor Research and Innovation Collaborative]] in Waco, Texas.<ref>http://baylorlariat.com/2011/10/18/baylor-welcomes-renowned-researcher/</ref> |
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* [[Russell Stannard]] (born 1931): British particle physicist who has written several books on the relationship between religion and science, such as ''Science and the Renewal of Belief'', ''Grounds for Reasonable Belief'' and ''Doing Away With God?''.<ref>Russell Stannard, Science & Wonders, p74</ref> |
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* [[Andrew Steane]]: British physicist who is Professor of Physics at the [[University of Oxford]]. His major works to date are on error correction in quantum information processing, including [[Steane code]]s. He was awarded the Maxwell Medal and Prize of the Institute of Physics in 2000.<ref>http://researcherslinks.com/current-issues/Andrew-Steane-Faithful-to-Science-The-Role-of-Science-in-Religion-Oxford-University-Press-2014-255pp-1999-ISBN9780198716044/9/7/146/html</ref> |
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* [[Jeffery Lewis Tallon]] (born 1948): New Zealand physicist specializing in high-temperature superconductors. He was awarded the [[Rutherford Medal (Royal Society of New Zealand)|Rutherford Medal]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/programmes/awards/rutherford-medal/recipients/ |title=Rutherford Medal |date= |website= |publisher=Royal Society of New Zealand |accessdate=5 November 2014}}</ref> the highest award in New Zealand science. In the [[2009 Birthday Honours|2009 Queen's Birthday Honours]] he was appointed a [[New Zealand Order of Merit|Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit]] for services to science.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uChUUowga8k</ref> |
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* [[Frank J. Tipler]] (born 1947): mathematical physicist and cosmologist, holding a joint appointment in the Departments of Mathematics and Physics at Tulane University. Tipler has authored books and papers on the [[Omega Point]], which he claims is a mechanism for the [[resurrection of the dead]]. His theological and scientific theorizing are not without controversy, but he has some supporters; for instance, Christian theologian [[Wolfhart Pannenberg]] has defended his theology,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9744.1989.tb01112.x | volume=24 | title=THE OMEGA POINT AS ESCHATON: ANSWERS TO PANNENBERG''S QUESTIONS FOR SCIENTISTS | journal=Zygon | pages=217–253 | last1 = Tipler | first1 = Frank J.}}</ref> and physicist [[David Deutsch]] has incorporated Tipler's idea of an Omega Point.<ref>{{cite book |last=Deutsch |first=David |year=1997 |title=[[The Fabric of Reality]]: The Science of Parallel Universes—and Its Implications |location=London |publisher=[[Penguin Press]] |isbn=0-7139-9061-9 |chapter=The Ends of the Universe}}</ref> |
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* [[Daniel C. Tsui]] (born 1939): Chinese-born American physicist whose areas of research included electrical properties of thin films and microstructures of semiconductors and solid-state physics. In 1998 Tsui was awarded the [[Nobel Prize]] in Physics for his contributions to the discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect. He was the Arthur LeGrand Doty Professor of Electrical Engineering at [[Princeton University]].<ref>https://www4.hku.hk/hongrads/index.php/archive/graduate_detail/274</ref> |
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* [[Rogier Windhorst]] (born 1955): Dutch astrophysicist who is Foundation Professor of Astrophysics at [[Arizona State University]] and Co-Director of the ASU Cosmology Initiative. He is one of the six Interdisciplinary Scientists worldwide for the [[James Webb Space Telescope]], and member of the JWST Flight Science Working Group.<ref>https://shop.reasons.org/product/347/how-old-is-the-universe</ref><ref>http://www.godandscience.org/youngearth/age_of_universe_evidence.html</ref> |
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* [[Jennifer Wiseman]]: Chief of the Laboratory for Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics at NASA [[Goddard Space Flight Center]]. An aerial of the Center is shown. In addition she is a co-discoverer of [[114P/Wiseman-Skiff]]. In religion is a Fellow of the [[American Scientific Affiliation]] and on June 16, 2010 became the new director for the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]'s Dialogue on Science, Ethics, and Religion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aaas.org/spp/dser/02_Events/Registration/welcome_2010.shtml |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-06-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616222515/http://www.aaas.org/spp/dser/02_Events/Registration/welcome_2010.shtml |archivedate=2010-06-16 |df= }}</ref> |
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* [[Antonino Zichichi]] (born 1929): Italian nuclear physicist and former President of the [[Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare]]. He has worked with the Vatican on relations between the Church and Science.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccsem.infn.it/em/zichichi/short_bio.html|title=EMFCSC - Professor Antonino Zichichi's Short Biography|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icoiYmJHO-MC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=holiness&f=false|title=International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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=== Earth Sciences=== |
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* [[Martin Bott]] (born 1926): British geologist and now Emeritus Professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at the [[University of Durham]], England. He was elected a [[Fellow of the Royal Society|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)]] in 1976 and was the 1992 recipient of the [[Wollaston Medal]] from the [[Geological Society of America]].<ref>http://www.testoffaith.com/resources/resource.aspx?id=224</ref> |
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* [[Henri Fontaine]] (born 1924): French Roman Catholic [[missionary]], pre-[[Tertiary]] [[geologist]]/[[paleontologist]], [[Paleozoic]] [[corals]] specialist, and [[archaeology|archaeologist]]. |
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* [[Mike Hulme]] (born 1960): Professor of Human Geography in the Department of Geography at the [[University of Cambridge]]. He was formerly professor of Climate and Culture at [[King's College London]] (2013-2017) and is the author of [[Why We Disagree About Climate Change]]. He has said of his Christian faith, "I believe because I have not discovered a better explanation of beauty, truth and love than that they emerge in a world created - willed into being - by a God who personifies beauty, truth and love."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/religion/2011/04/god-believe-faith-world-belief|title=I’m a believer|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Eric Priest]] (born 1943): authority on Solar Magnetohydrodynamics who won the [[George Ellery Hale Prize]] among others. He has spoken on Christianity and Science at the [[University of St. Andrews]] where he is an Emeritus Professor and is a member of the [[Faraday Institute]]. He is also interested in prayer, meditation, and Christian psychology.<ref>[http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/Advisory.php?UID=14 Faraday Institute] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230213009/http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/faraday/Advisory.php?UID=14 |date=2006-12-30 }} and [http://www-solar.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~eric/interests.html Eric Priest's website]</ref> |
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* [[Margaret Orr]]: [[Americans|American]] [[climatologist]] and [[meteorologist]] for [[WDSU]] in [[New Orleans]]. |
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* [[John Suppe]] (born 1943): professor of Geology at [[National Taiwan University]], Geosciences Emeritus at [[Princeton University]]. He has written articles like "Thoughts on the Epistemology of Christianity in Light of Science."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.wheaton.edu/ACG/essays/suppe3.html|title=Thoughts on the Epistemology of Christianity in Light of Science|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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* [[Bob White (geophysicist)|Robert (Bob) White]]: British geophysicist and Professor of Geophysics in the Earth Sciences department at the [[University of Cambridge]]. He is Director of the Faraday Institute for Science and Religion.<ref>http://www.rejesus.co.uk/site/module/faith_v_science/P9/index.html</ref> |
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=== Engineering === |
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* [[Fred Brooks]] (born 1931): American computer architect, software engineer, and computer scientist, best known for managing the development of IBM's System/360 family of computers and the OS/360 software support package, then later writing candidly about the process in his seminal book The Mythical Man-Month. Brooks has received many awards, including the [[National Medal of Technology]] in 1985 and the [[Turing Award]] in 1999. Brooks is an evangelical Christian who is active with [[InterVarsity Christian Fellowship]] and chaired the Executive Committee for the Central Carolina [[Billy Graham]] Crusade in 1973.<ref name = "unc">[http://cs.unc.edu/people/frederick-p-brooks-jr/ Faculty Biography] at UNC.</ref> |
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* [[Richard H. Bube]] (born 1927): emeritus professor of the material sciences at [[Stanford University]]. He is a member of the American Scientific Affiliation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asa3.org/ASA/newsletter/janfeb09/Chapter1.htm|title=janfeb09email|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[John Dabiri]] (born 1980): Nigerian-American biophysicist, professor of aeronautics and bioengineering at [[Stanford University]], [[MacArthur Fellow]] and one of [[Popular Science]] magazine's "Brilliant 10" scientists in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popsci.com/kalee-thompson/article/2008-10/jellyfish-engineer |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-07-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308110918/http://www.popsci.com/kalee-thompson/article/2008-10/jellyfish-engineer |archivedate=2012-03-08 |df= }}</ref> |
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*[[Raymond Vahan Damadian]] (born 1936): medical practitioner and inventor who created the [[MRI]] ([[Magnetic resonance imaging|Magnetic Resonance]] Scanning Machine). He is a [[young-earth creationist]] and there was [[Raymond Vahan Damadian#Nobel Prize controversy|a controversy on why he did not receive the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]], given that he had come up with the idea and worked on the development of the MRI. |
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* [[Pat Gelsinger]] (born 1962): American computer engineer and architect who was the first Chief Technology Officer of [[Intel Corporation]] and is currently the CEO of [[VMware]]. He was the architect and design manager on the [[Intel 80486]] which provided the processing power needed for the personal computer revolution through the 1980s into the 1990s.<ref>https://blog.smartbear.com/software-quality/gelsinger-and-meyer-two-cpu-designers-who-changed-the-world/</ref><ref>https://findinggodinsiliconvalley.com/pat-gelsinger-ceo-of-vmware-balancing-faith-family-and-work/</ref> |
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* [[Donald Knuth]] (born 1938): American computer scientist, mathematician, and professor emeritus at [[Stanford University]]. He is the author of the multi-volume work [[The Art of Computer Programming]] and ''3:16 Bible Texts Illuminated'' (1991), {{ISBN|0-89579-252-4}}.<ref>252</ref> |
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* [[Peter Robinson (computer scientist)]] (born 1952): British computer scientist who is Professor of Computer Technology at the [[University of Cambridge]] Computer Laboratory in England, where he works in the Rainbow Group on computer graphics and interaction.<ref>https://speedflix.com/episodes/89036/machines-in-the-image-of-god</ref><ref>https://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/people/peter-robinson</ref> |
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* [[Lionel Tarassenko]]: holder of the Chair in Electrical Engineering at the [[University of Oxford]] since 1997, and is most noted for his work on the applications of neural networks. He led the development of the Sharp LogiCook, the first microwave oven to incorporate neural networks.<ref>https://www.stpauls.co.uk/documents/St%20Paul's%20Institute/St%20Paul's%20Institute%2008/Seeking%20Truth%20programme%202008.doc</ref><ref>http://www.veritas.org/science-are-we-machines/</ref> |
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* [[George Varghese]] (born 1960): currently the Chancellor's Professor in the Department of Computer Science at [[UCLA]] and former Principal Researcher at [[Microsoft Research]]. <ref>http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~varghese/whyIbelieve.pdf</ref><ref>http://web.cs.ucla.edu/~varghese/</ref> |
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*[[Larry Wall]] (born September 27, 1954): creator of [[Perl]], a programming language.<ref>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2008/07/larry-wall-fundamentalist-non-creationist-programmer/</ref> |
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=== Others === |
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* [[Robert J. Wicks]] (born 1946): clinical psychologist who has written on the intersections of [[spirituality]] and [[psychology]]. Wicks for more than 30 years has been teaching at universities and professional schools of psychology, medicine, nursing, theology, and social work, currently at [[Loyola University Maryland]]. In 1996, he was a recipient of The Holy Cross [[Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice]], the highest medal that can be awarded to the [[laity]] by the [[Papacy]] for distinguished service to the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. |
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* [[David A. Booth]] (born 1938): British [[Applied psychology|applied psychologist]] whose research and teaching centre on the processes in the mind that situate actions and reactions by people, members of other species, and socially intelligent engineered systems. He is an Honorary Professor in the School of Psychology at the [[University of Birmingham]].<ref>http://christianacademicnetwork.net/newjoomla/index.php/contributions/biblical-creationism</ref> |
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*[[Robert A. Emmons]] (born 1958): American psychologist who is regarded as the world's leading scientific expert on gratitude.<ref>http://www.mentorcoach.com/positive-psychology-coaching/interviews/interview-robert-emmons-2/</ref> He is a Professor of Psychology at [[UC Davis]] and the Editor-In-Chief of The Journal of Positive Psychology.<ref>http://www.first30days.com/experts/dr-robert-emmons</ref> |
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*[[Paul Farmer]] (born 1959): American anthropologist, physician and proponent of [[liberation theology]]. He is co-founder of [[Partners In Health]], the Kolokotrones University Professor at [[Harvard University]] and Chief of the Division of Global Health Equity at [[Brigham and Women's Hospital]] in Boston, Massachusetts.<ref>https://www.pih.org/article/dr.-paul-farmer-how-liberation-theology-can-inform-public-health</ref> |
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*[[David Myers (academic)]] (born 1942): American psychologist and Professor of Psychology at [[Hope College]]. He is the author of several books, including popular textbooks entitled Psychology, Exploring Psychology, Social Psychology and general-audience books dealing with issues related to Christian faith as well as scientific psychology.<ref>https://www.cardus.ca/comment/article/redeeming-psychology-means-taking-psychological-science-seriously/</ref> |
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*[[Michael Reiss]] (born 1960): [[United Kingdom|British]] [[bioethicist]], science educator, and an [[Anglican]] priest. He was Director of Education at the [[Royal Society]] from 2006 to 2008. Reiss has campaigned for the [[teaching of evolution]],<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_8171000/8171722.stm | work=BBC News | title=Today: Tuesday 28 July 2009 | date=2009-07-28}}</ref> and is Professor of Science Education at the [[Institute of Education]], [[University of London]], where he is Pro-Director of Research and Development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ioe.ac.uk/staff/CPAT/GEMS_71.html|title=Michael Reiss - UCL Institute of Education, University College London|publisher=|accessdate=15 January 2015}}</ref> |
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*[[Michał Heller]] (1936– ) – [[Poles|Polish]] [[logician]], [[philosopher of science]], [[priest]], Templeton Prize winner, and prolific writer on numerous scientific topics |
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*[[Malcolm Jeeves]] (born 1926): British neuropsychologist who is Emeritus Professor of Psychology at the [[University of St. Andrews]], and was formerly President of The Royal Society of Edinburgh. He established the Department of Psychology at [[University of St. Andrews]].<ref>https://www.cis.org.uk/about-cis/presidents/</ref> |
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*[[Bienvenido Nebres]] (1940-) – [[Filipino people|Filipino]] [[mathematician]], president of [[Ateneo de Manila University]], and an honoree of the [[National Scientist of the Philippines]] award |
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*[[Michael C. McFarland]] (1948-) – American computer scientist and president of the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts |
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*[[Rosalind Picard]] (born 1962): professor of Media Arts and Sciences at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], director and also the founder of the [[Affective Computing]] Research Group at the MIT Media Lab, co-director of the Things That Think Consortium, and chief scientist and co-founder of [[Affectiva]]. Picard says that she was raised an atheist, but converted to Christianity as a young adult.<ref>Petricevic, Mirko (2007-11-03). "A scientist who embraces God". The Record (Kitchener, Ontario: Metroland Media Group Ltd.). Retrieved 2008-05-06.</ref> |
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* [[Justin L. Barrett]] (born 1971): Director of the Thrive Center for Human Development and Professor of Psychology at Fuller Graduate School of Psychology after being a researcher at the [[University of Oxford]], Barrett is a cognitive scientist specializing in the cognitive science of religion. He has published "Cognitive Science, Religion, and Theology" (Templeton Press, 2011). Barrett has been described by the New York Times as 'an observant Christian who believes in "an all-knowing, all-powerful, perfectly good God who brought the universe into being," as he wrote in an e-mail message. "I believe that the purpose for people is to love God and love each other."'<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/04/magazine/04evolution.t.html?pagewanted=11&ei=5087%0A&em&en=166dbd9e75680e73&ex=1173243600 | work=The New York Times | title=Darwin's God | date=2007-03-04}}</ref> |
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== See also ==<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER --> |
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* [[Christianity and science]] |
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* [[Catholic Church and science]] |
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* [[American Scientific Affiliation]] |
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* [[Association of Christians in the Mathematical Sciences]] |
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* [[Christians in Science]] |
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* ''[[Issues in Science and Religion]]'' |
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* [[List of atheists in science and technology]] |
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* [[List of Catholic scientists]] |
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* [[List of Christian Nobel laureates]] |
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* [[Lists of Christians]] |
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* [[List of Jesuit scientists]] |
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* [[List of Jewish scientists and philosophers]] |
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* [[List of Muslim scientists]] |
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* [[List of Roman Catholic cleric-scientists]] |
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* [[List of science and religion scholars]] |
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* [[Quakers in science]] |
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* [[Society of Ordained Scientists]] |
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* [[Veritas Forum]] |
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* [[Victoria Institute]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{Reflist|2|group=note}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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== External links == |
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* [http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/cis/ Cambridge Christians in Science (CiS) group] |
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* [http://www.cis.org.uk/ Christians in Science website] |
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* [http://users.ox.ac.uk/~theo0038/ Ian Ramsey Centre, Oxford] |
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* [http://home.earthlink.net/~jjkeggi/SOSc/ The Society of Ordained Scientists]-Mostly [[Church of England]] |
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* [http://www.asa3.org/ "Science in Christian Perspective" The (ASA)] |
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* [http://www.csca.ca/ Canadian Scientific and Christian Affiliation (CSCA)] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050307010942/http://www.issr.org.uk/about/founding_members.asp The International Society for Science & Religion's founding members.(Of various faiths including Christianity)] |
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* [http://www.acmsonline.org/ Association of Christians in the Mathematical Sciences] |
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* [http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=library&page=avalos_18_4 Secular Humanism.org article on Science and Religion] |
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* {{GoogleScholar|id=AismpzAAAAAJ|name=Oghogho Ikponmwosa}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Christian Thinkers In Science}} |
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[[Category:Lists of Christians|Science]] |
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[[Category:Lists of scientists|Christian]] |
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[[Category:Christianity and science]] |
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Revision as of 19:35, 25 May 2018
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