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{{Automatic Taxobox
#REDIRECT [[Rat]]
| fossil_range = Early [[Pleistocene]] – Recent
| image = Rattus norvegicus 1.jpg
| image_caption = The [[brown rat]] (''Rattus norvegicus'')
| taxon = Rattus
| authority = [[Johann Fischer von Waldheim|Fischer de Waldheim]], 1803
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = [[Rat species|64 species]]
| synonyms =
'''''Stenomys''''' Thomas, 1910
}}



The genus '''''Rattus''''' refers to a specific genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to species outside of this genus.

==Species and description==
The best-known Rattus [[species]] are the [[black rat]] (''Rattus rattus'') and the [[brown rat]] (''Rattus norvegicus''). The group is generally known as the [[Old World]] rats or true rats, and originated in Asia. Rats are bigger than most Old World [[mouse|mice]], which are their relatives, but seldom weigh over {{convert|500|g|lb}} in the wild.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/28028-mice.html|title=Habits, Habitat & Types of Mice|work=Live Science|accessdate=23 May 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524081143/http://www.livescience.com/28028-mice.html|archivedate=24 May 2015|df=}}</ref>

==Taxonomy of ''Rattus''==
The genus ''Rattus'' is a member of the giant subfamily [[Murinae]]. Several other murine genera are sometimes considered part of ''Rattus'': ''[[Lenothrix]]'', ''[[Anonymomys]]'', ''[[Sundamys]]'', ''[[Kadarsanomys]]'', ''[[Diplothrix]]'', ''[[Margaretamys]]'', ''[[Lenomys]]'', ''[[Komodomys]]'', ''[[Palawanomys]]'', ''[[Bunomys]]'', ''[[Nesoromys]]'', ''Stenomys'', ''[[Taeromys]]'', ''[[Paruromys]]'', ''[[Abditomys]]'', ''[[Tryphomys]]'', ''[[Limnomys]]'', ''[[Tarsomys]]'', ''[[Bullimus]]'', ''[[Apomys]]'', ''[[Millardia]]'', ''[[Srilankamys]]'', ''[[Niviventer]]'', ''[[Maxomys]]'', ''[[Leopoldamys]]'', ''[[Berylmys]]'', ''[[Mastomys]]'', ''[[Myomys]]'', ''[[Praomys]]'', ''[[Hylomyscus]]'', ''[[Heimyscus]]'', ''[[Stochomys]]'', ''[[Dephomys]]'', and ''[[Aethomys]]''.

The genus ''Rattus'' proper contains 64 extant [[species]]. A subgeneric breakdown of the species has been proposed, but does not include all species.

===Species===
{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|
Genus '''''Rattus''''' – Typical rats
* ''[[incertae sedis]]''
** [[Annandale's rat]] (''Rattus annandalei'') – Indonesia, [[Malaysia]], and [[Singapore]]
** [[Enggano rat]] (''Rattus enganus'') – Indonesia
** [[Philippine forest rat]] (''Rattus everetti'') – the Philippines
** [[Polynesian rat]] (''Rattus exulans'') – [[Fiji]] and most Polynesian islands, New Zealand, [[Easter Island]], and [[Hawaii]]
** [[Hainald's rat]] (''Rattus hainaldi'') – Indonesia
** [[Hoogerwerf's rat]] (''Rattus hoogerwerfi'') – Indonesia
** [[Korinch's rat]] (''Rattus korinchi'') – Indonesia
** †[[Maclear's rat]] (''Rattus macleari'') – [[Christmas Island]]
** [[Nillu rat]] (''Rattus montanus'') – [[Sri Lanka]]
** [[Molaccan prehensile-tailed rat]] (''Rattus morotaiensis'') – Indonesia
** †[[Bulldog rat]] (''Rattus nativitatis'') – Christmas Island
** [[Kerala rat]] (''Rattus ranjiniae'') – India
** [[New Ireland forest rat]] (''Rattus sanila'')
** [[Andaman rat]] (''Rattus stoicus'') – [[Andaman Islands]]
** [[Timor rat]] (''Rattus timorensis'') – [[Timor]]
* ''R. norvegicus'' group
** [[Himalayan field rat]] (''Rattus nitidus'') – Bangladesh, [[Bhutan]], China, India, Indonesia, [[Laos]], [[Myanmar]], [[Nepal]], [[Palau]], the Philippines, [[Thailand]], and Vietnam
** [[Brown rat]] or [[Norway rat]] (''Rattus norvegicus'') – worldwide except Antarctica
** [[Turkestan rat]] (''Rattus pyctoris''; obs. ''Rattus turkestanicus'') – [[Afghanistan]], China, India, Iran, [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Nepal]], and Pakistan
* ''R. rattus'' group
** [[Sunburned rat]] (''Rattus adustus'') – [[Enggano Island]], Indonesia
** [[Sikkim rat]] (''Rattus andamanensis'') – [[Bhutan]], [[Cambodia]], China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam
** [[Ricefield rat]] (''Rattus argentiventer'') – Southeast Asia
** [[Summit rat]] (''Rattus baluensis'') – [[Malaysia]]
** [[Aceh rat]] (''Rattus blangorum'')
** [[Nonsense rat]] (''Rattus burrus'') – India
** [[Hoffmann's rat]] (''Rattus hoffmanni'') – Indonesia
** [[Koopman's rat]] (''Rattus koopmani'') – Indonesia
** [[Lesser ricefield rat]] (''Rattus losea'') – China, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam
** [[Mentawai rat]] (''Rattus lugens'') – Indonesia
** [[Mindoro black rat]] (''Rattus mindorensis'') – the Philippines
** [[Little soft-furred rat]] (''Rattus mollicomulus'') – Indonesia
** [[Osgood's rat]] (''Rattus osgoodi'') – Vietnam
** [[Palm rat]] (''Rattus palmarum'') – India
** [[Black rat]] (''Rattus rattus'') – worldwide except Antarctica
** [[Sahyadris forest rat]] (''Rattus satarae'')
** [[Simalur rat]] (''Rattus simalurensis'') – Indonesia
** [[Tanezumi rat]] (''Rattus tanezumi'') – Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]], Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, [[North Korea]], South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam
** [[Tawitawi forest rat]] (''Rattus tawitawiensis'') – the Philippines
** [[Malayan field rat]] (''Rattus tiomanicus'') – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand
* ''R. xanthurus'' group
** [[Bonthain rat]] (''Rattus bontanus''; obs. ''Rattus foramineus'') – Indonesia
** [[Opossum rat]] (''Rattus marmosurus'') – Indonesia
** [[Peleng rat]] (''Rattus pelurus'') – Indonesia
** [[Southeastern xanthurus rat]] (''Rattus salocco]'') – Indonesia
** [[Yellow-tailed rat]] (''Rattus xanthurus'') – Indonesia
* ''R. leucopus'' group (New Guinean group)
** [[Vogelkop mountain rat]] (''Rattus arfakiensis'')
** [[Western New Guinea mountain rat]] (''Rattus arrogans'')
** [[Sula rat]] (''Rattus elaphinus'') – Indonesia
** [[Spiny Ceram rat]] (''Rattus feliceus'') – Indonesia
** [[Giluwe rat]] (''Rattus giluwensis'') – [[Papua New Guinea]]
** [[Japen rat]] (''Rattus jobiensis'') – Indonesia
** [[Cape York rat]] (''Rattus leucopus'') – Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea
** [[Eastern rat]] (''Rattus mordax'') – Papua New Guinea
** [[Moss-forest rat]] (''Rattus niobe'') – Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
** [[New Guinean rat]] (''Rattus novaeguineae'') – Papua New Guinea
** [[Arianus's rat]] (''Rattus omichlodes'')
** [[Pocock’s highland rat]] (''Rattus pococki'')
** [[Large New Guinea spiny rat]] (''Rattus praetor'') – Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and [[Solomon Islands]]
** [[Glacier rat]] (''Rattus richardsoni'') – Indonesia
** [[Stein's rat]] (''Rattus steini'') – Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
** [[Van Deusen's rat]] (''Rattus vandeuseni'') – Papua New Guinea
** [[Slender rat]] (''Rattus verecundus'') – Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
* ''R. fuscipes'' group (Australian group)
** [[Dusky rat]] (''Rattus colletti'') – Australia
** [[Bush rat]] (''Rattus fuscipes'') – Australia
** [[Australian swamp rat]] (''Rattus lutreolus'') – Australia
** [[Dusky field rat]] (''Rattus sordidus'') – Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea
** [[Pale field rat]] (''Rattus tunneyi'') – Australia
** [[Long-haired rat]] (''Rattus villosissimus'') – Australia
}}

===Phylogeny===
The following phylogeny of selected ''Rattus'' species is from Pagès, et al. (2010).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Pagès | first1 = Marie | last2 = Chaval | first2 = Yannick | last3 = Herbreteau | first3 = Vincent | last4 = Waengsothorn | first4 = Surachit | last5 = Cosson | first5 = Jean-François | last6 = Hugot | first6 = Jean-Pierre | last7 = Morand | first7 = Serge | last8 = Michaux | first8 = Johan | year = 2010 | title = Revisiting the taxonomy of the Rattini tribe: a phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries | url = http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-10-184 | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 10 | issue = | page = 184 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-10-184 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170710143425/http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-10-184 | archivedate = 2017-07-10 | df = }}</ref>
{{clade| style=font-size:90%;line-height:85%
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Berylmys bowersi]]''
|2=''[[Berylmys berdmorei]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Bandicota savilei]]''
|2=''[[Bandicota indica]]''
}}
|label2='''''Rattus'''''&nbsp;
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Rattus nitidus]]''
|2=''[[Rattus norvegicus]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Rattus exulans]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Rattus andamanensis]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Rattus argentiventer]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Rattus tiomanicus]]''
|2=''[[Rattus losea]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''Rattus sp.''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Rattus tanezumi]]''
|2=''[[Rattus rattus]]''
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Murinae (Rattus)}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q36396}}


[[Category:Rats|.]]
[[Category:Rats|.]]

Revision as of 16:01, 11 August 2018

Rattus
Temporal range: Early Pleistocene – Recent
The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Muridae
Tribe: Rattini
Genus: Rattus
Fischer de Waldheim, 1803
Species

64 species

Synonyms

Stenomys Thomas, 1910


The genus Rattus refers to a specific genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to species outside of this genus.

Species and description

The best-known Rattus species are the black rat (Rattus rattus) and the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus). The group is generally known as the Old World rats or true rats, and originated in Asia. Rats are bigger than most Old World mice, which are their relatives, but seldom weigh over 500 grams (1.1 lb) in the wild.[1]

Taxonomy of Rattus

The genus Rattus is a member of the giant subfamily Murinae. Several other murine genera are sometimes considered part of Rattus: Lenothrix, Anonymomys, Sundamys, Kadarsanomys, Diplothrix, Margaretamys, Lenomys, Komodomys, Palawanomys, Bunomys, Nesoromys, Stenomys, Taeromys, Paruromys, Abditomys, Tryphomys, Limnomys, Tarsomys, Bullimus, Apomys, Millardia, Srilankamys, Niviventer, Maxomys, Leopoldamys, Berylmys, Mastomys, Myomys, Praomys, Hylomyscus, Heimyscus, Stochomys, Dephomys, and Aethomys.

The genus Rattus proper contains 64 extant species. A subgeneric breakdown of the species has been proposed, but does not include all species.

Species

Genus Rattus – Typical rats

Phylogeny

The following phylogeny of selected Rattus species is from Pagès, et al. (2010).[2]

References

  1. ^ "Habits, Habitat & Types of Mice". Live Science. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 23 May 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Pagès, Marie; Chaval, Yannick; Herbreteau, Vincent; Waengsothorn, Surachit; Cosson, Jean-François; Hugot, Jean-Pierre; Morand, Serge; Michaux, Johan (2010). "Revisiting the taxonomy of the Rattini tribe: a phylogeny-based delimitation of species boundaries". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 184. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-184. Archived from the original on 2017-07-10. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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