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Related ions include [[difluorophosphate]] ({{chem|PO|2|F|2|−}}) and [[hexafluorophosphate]] ({{chem|PF|6|−}}).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cotton|first1=F. Albert|last2=Wilkinson|first2=Geoffrey|title=Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Text|year=1966|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=516}}</ref> The related neutral molecule is [[phosphenic fluoride]] PO<sub>2</sub>F.
Related ions include [[difluorophosphate]] ({{chem|PO|2|F|2|−}}) and [[hexafluorophosphate]] ({{chem|PF|6|−}}).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cotton|first1=F. Albert|last2=Wilkinson|first2=Geoffrey|title=Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Text|year=1966|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|page=516}}</ref> The related neutral molecule is [[phosphenic fluoride]] PO<sub>2</sub>F.


Organic derivatives can be highly toxic and include [[diisopropyl fluorophosphate]]. Some of the [[Novichok agent]]s are monofluorophosphate esters. Names are given to these by naming the groups attached as esters and then adding "fluorophosphonate" to the end of the name. Two organic groups can be attached. Other related nerve gas substances may not be esters, and instead have carbon-phosphorus or nitrogen-phosphorus bonds. The organic fluorophosphonates react with [[serine esterase]]s and [[serine protease]]s irreversibly. This prevents these enzymes from functioning. Such an important enzyme is [[acetylcholinesterase]] as found in most animals.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Baynes|first1=John W.|last2=Dominiczak|first2=Marek H.|title=Medical Biochemistry E-Book|date=2018|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780702073007|page=72|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Bs9FDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72|language=en}}</ref> Some of the organic esters are detoxified in mammals by an enzym in the blood and liver called [[paraoxonase]] [[PON1]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zech|first1=Ronald|last2=Chemnitius|first2=JörgM.|title=Paraoxonase (PON1) in Health and Disease|date=2002|publisher=Springer US|isbn=9781461353584|pages=137–163|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-1027-7_7|language=English|chapter=PON1 in Different Species}}</ref>
Organic derivatives can be highly toxic and include [[diisopropyl fluorophosphate]]. Some of the [[Novichok agent]]s are monofluorophosphate esters. Names are given to these by naming the groups attached as esters and then adding "fluorophosphonate" to the end of the name. Two organic groups can be attached. Other related nerve gas substances may not be esters, and instead have carbon-phosphorus or nitrogen-phosphorus bonds. The organic fluorophosphonates react with [[serine esterase]]s and [[serine protease]]s irreversibly. This prevents these enzymes from functioning. Such an important enzyme is [[acetylcholinesterase]] as found in most animals.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Baynes|first1=John W.|last2=Dominiczak|first2=Marek H.|title=Medical Biochemistry E-Book|date=2018|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780702073007|page=72|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=Bs9FDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72|language=en}}</ref> Some of the organic esters are detoxified in mammals by an enzym in the blood and liver called [[paraoxonase]] [[PON1]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Zech|first1=Ronald|last2=Chemnitius|first2=JörgM.|title=Paraoxonase (PON1) in Health and Disease|date=2002|publisher=Springer US|isbn=9781461353584|pages=137–163|language=English|chapter=PON1 in Different Species|doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-1027-7_7}}</ref>


Willy Lange from Berlin discovered sodium monofluorophosphate in 1929. He fruitlessly tried to make monofluorophosphoric acid. However, he did discover the highly toxic organic esters. Following this discovery various nerve gases like [[sarin]] were developed.
Willy Lange from Berlin discovered sodium monofluorophosphate in 1929. He fruitlessly tried to make monofluorophosphoric acid. However, he did discover the highly toxic organic esters. Following this discovery various nerve gases like [[sarin]] were developed.
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:Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> or Na<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>
:Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub> or Na<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>


Phosphoric acid reacts with metal fluorides dissolved in molten [[urea]] to yield monofluorphosphates.<ref name="Schülke1991">{{cite journal|last=Schülke|first=U.|author2=R. Kayser|year=1991|title=Herstellung von Fluorophosphaten, Difluorophosphaten, Fluorophsophonaten und Fluorophosphiten in fluoridhaltigen Harnstoffschmelzen|journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie|volume=600|issue=1|pages=221–226|issn=0044-2313|doi=10.1002/zaac.19916000130|language=de}}</ref>
Phosphoric acid reacts with metal fluorides dissolved in molten [[urea]] to yield monofluorphosphates.<ref name="Schülke1991">{{cite journal|last=Schülke|first=U.|author2=R. Kayser|year=1991|title=Herstellung von Fluorophosphaten, Difluorophosphaten, Fluorophsophonaten und Fluorophosphiten in fluoridhaltigen Harnstoffschmelzen|journal=Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie|volume=600|issue=1|pages=221–226|issn=0044-2313|doi=10.1002/zaac.19916000130|language=de}}</ref>


==Properties==
==Properties==
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|20859-36-3
|20859-36-3
|-
|-
|sodium hydrogen monofluorophosphate dihydrate<ref name="Prescott001">{{cite web|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/prescott-hillary-a-2001-11-30/HTML/prescott-ch4.html|title=The crystal structures and thermal behavior of hydrogen monofluorophosphates and basic monofluorophosphates with alkali metal and N-containing cations|last=Prescott|first=Hillary Anne|date=2002-08-01|page=32|accessdate=1 November 2014}}</ref>
|sodium hydrogen monofluorophosphate dihydrate<ref name="Prescott001">{{cite journal|url=http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/prescott-hillary-a-2001-11-30/HTML/prescott-ch4.html|title=The crystal structures and thermal behavior of hydrogen monofluorophosphates and basic monofluorophosphates with alkali metal and N-containing cations|last=Prescott|first=Hillary Anne|date=2002-08-01|page=32|accessdate=1 November 2014|doi=10.18452/14706|publisher=Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I}}</ref>
|NaHPO<sub>3</sub>F.2H<sub>2</sub>O
|NaHPO<sub>3</sub>F.2H<sub>2</sub>O
|monoclinic a=19.112Å, b=5.341Å, c=12.72Å, α=110.18°, V=1219.4.
|monoclinic a=19.112Å, b=5.341Å, c=12.72Å, α=110.18°, V=1219.4.
Line 127: Line 127:
|-
|-
|caesium monofluorophosphate
|caesium monofluorophosphate
|Cs<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>F<ref name="Fábry2006">{{cite journal|last=Fábry|first=Jan|author2=Michal Dušek, Karla Fejfarová, Radmila Krupková, Přemysl Vaněk, Ivana Císařová|year=2006|title=Dirubidium fluorotrioxophosphate, Rb2PO3F, at 290 and 130 K, and dicaesium fluorotrioxophosphate, Cs2PO3F, at 240 and 100 K|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|volume=62|issue=6|pages=i49–i52|issn=0108-2701|doi=10.1107/s0108270106016350}}</ref>
|Cs<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>F<ref name="Fábry2006">{{cite journal|last=Fábry|first=Jan|author2=Michal Dušek, Karla Fejfarová, Radmila Krupková, Přemysl Vaněk, Ivana Císařová|year=2006|title=Dirubidium fluorotrioxophosphate, Rb2PO3F, at 290 and 130 K, and dicaesium fluorotrioxophosphate, Cs2PO3F, at 240 and 100 K|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|volume=62|issue=6|pages=i49–i52|issn=0108-2701|doi=10.1107/s0108270106016350|pmid=16763294}}</ref>
|orthorhombic a=8.308&nbsp;Å, b=6.3812&nbsp;Å, c=11.036&nbsp;Å, V=585.1Å<sup>3</sup> Z=4 at 240K
|orthorhombic a=8.308&nbsp;Å, b=6.3812&nbsp;Å, c=11.036&nbsp;Å, V=585.1Å<sup>3</sup> Z=4 at 240K
|363.8
|363.8
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|18183579
|18183579
|-
|-
|strontium monofluorphosphate hydrate<ref name="Menz1986">{{cite journal|last=Menz|first=D.-H.|author2=L. Kolditz, K. Heide, Ch. Kunert, Ch. Mensing|year=1986|title=Zur Thermischen Zersetzung von SrPO3F·H2O|journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie|volume=540|issue=9–10|pages=191–197|issn=0044-2313|doi=10.1002/zaac.19865400920}}</ref>
|strontium monofluorphosphate hydrate<ref name="Menz1986">{{cite journal|last=Menz|first=D.-H.|author2=L. Kolditz, K. Heide, Ch. Kunert, Ch. Mensing|year=1986|title=Zur Thermischen Zersetzung von SrPO3F·H2O|journal=Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie|volume=540|issue=9–10|pages=191–197|issn=0044-2313|doi=10.1002/zaac.19865400920}}</ref>
|SrPO<sub>3</sub>F·H<sub>2</sub>O
|SrPO<sub>3</sub>F·H<sub>2</sub>O
|
|
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|barium monofluorophosphate
|barium monofluorophosphate
|BaPO<sub>3</sub>F
|BaPO<sub>3</sub>F
|monoclinic a = 11.3105 Å, b = 8.6934 Å, c = 9.2231 Å, β = 127.819° Z=4<br/>orthorhombic<ref name="Stöger2013">{{cite journal|last=Stöger|first=Berthold|author2=Matthias Weil, Jørgen Skibsted|year=2013|title=The crystal structure of BaPO3F revisited – a combined X-ray diffraction and solid-state 19F, 31P MAS NMR study|journal=Dalton Transactions|volume=42|issue=32|page=11672|issn=1477-9226|doi=10.1039/C3DT50373A|last3=Skibsted|first3=Jørgen}}</ref>
|monoclinic a = 11.3105 Å, b = 8.6934 Å, c = 9.2231 Å, β = 127.819° Z=4<br/>orthorhombic<ref name="Stöger2013">{{cite journal|last=Stöger|first=Berthold|author2=Matthias Weil, Jørgen Skibsted|year=2013|title=The crystal structure of BaPO3F revisited – a combined X-ray diffraction and solid-state 19F, 31P MAS NMR study|journal=Dalton Transactions|volume=42|issue=32|pages=11672–82|issn=1477-9226|doi=10.1039/C3DT50373A|pmid=23838743|last3=Skibsted|first3=Jørgen}}</ref>
|235.299
|235.299
|
|
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|manganese(II) fluorophosphate dihydrate
|manganese(II) fluorophosphate dihydrate
|MnPO<sub>3</sub>F•2H<sub>2</sub>O
|MnPO<sub>3</sub>F•2H<sub>2</sub>O
|triclinic Z = 2, a = 5.528, b = 5.636, c = 8.257 Å, α = 81.279, β = 75.156, γ = 71.722°<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Weil|first1=Matthias|last2=Baran|first2=Enrique J.|last3=Kremer|first3=Reinhard K.|last4=Libowitzky|first4=Eugen|title=Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Mn(PO3F)(H 2O)2|journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie|date=February 2015|volume=641|issue=2|pages=184–191|doi=10.1002/zaac.201400587}}</ref>
|triclinic Z = 2, a = 5.528, b = 5.636, c = 8.257 Å, α = 81.279, β = 75.156, γ = 71.722°<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Weil|first1=Matthias|last2=Baran|first2=Enrique J.|last3=Kremer|first3=Reinhard K.|last4=Libowitzky|first4=Eugen|title=Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Mn(PO3F)(H 2O)2|journal=Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie|date=February 2015|volume=641|issue=2|pages=184–191|doi=10.1002/zaac.201400587}}</ref>
|188.94
|188.94
|-
|-
Line 239: Line 239:
|trisilver ammonium monofluorophosphate
|trisilver ammonium monofluorophosphate
|NH<sub>4</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>3</sub>F)<sub>2</sub>
|NH<sub>4</sub>Ag<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>3</sub>F)<sub>2</sub>
|monoclinic a=30.895, b=5.5976 c=9.7522, β=90.027 V=1686.6 Z=8<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Weil|first1=Matthias|title=NH4Ag3(PO3F)2, a layered monofluorophosphate(V) with seven different Ag sites|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|date=14 April 2007|volume=63|issue=5|pages=i31–i33|doi=10.1107/S0108270107008967}}</ref>
|monoclinic a=30.895, b=5.5976 c=9.7522, β=90.027 V=1686.6 Z=8<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Weil|first1=Matthias|title=NH4Ag3(PO3F)2, a layered monofluorophosphate(V) with seven different Ag sites|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|date=14 April 2007|volume=63|issue=5|pages=i31–i33|doi=10.1107/S0108270107008967|pmid=17478892}}</ref>
|537.59
|537.59
|4.234
|4.234
|-
|-
|zinc monofluorophosphate<ref name="Möwius1990">{{cite journal|last=Möwius|first=F.|author2=M. Meisel, H. Kirk, W. Unger, D. Seepe, W. Metzner|year=1990|title=Fluorophosphate—eine neue Wirkstoffgruppe für Holzschutzmittel|journal=Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff|volume=48|issue=9|pages=345–350|issn=0018-3768|doi=10.1007/BF02639896|language=de}}</ref>
|zinc monofluorophosphate<ref name="Möwius1990">{{cite journal|last=Möwius|first=F.|author2=M. Meisel, H. Kirk, W. Unger, D. Seepe, W. Metzner|year=1990|title=Fluorophosphate—eine neue Wirkstoffgruppe für Holzschutzmittel|journal=Holz Als Roh- und Werkstoff|volume=48|issue=9|pages=345–350|issn=0018-3768|doi=10.1007/BF02639896|language=de}}</ref>
|ZnPO<sub>3</sub>F•2.5H<sub>2</sub>O
|ZnPO<sub>3</sub>F•2.5H<sub>2</sub>O
|
|
Line 254: Line 254:
|Mercurous monofluorophosphate
|Mercurous monofluorophosphate
|Hg<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>F
|Hg<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>F
|orthorhombic a=9.406 Å, b=12.145 Å, c=8.567 Å V=978.7 Z=8<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Weil|first1=Matthias|last2=Puchberger|first2=Michael|last3=Baran|first3=Enrique J.|title=Preparation and Characterization of Dimercury(I) Monofluorophosphate(V), Hg2PO3F: Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior, Vibrational Spectra, and Solid-State 31P and 19F NMR Spectra|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|date=December 2004|volume=43|issue=26|pages=8330–8335|doi=10.1021/ic048741e}}</ref>
|orthorhombic a=9.406 Å, b=12.145 Å, c=8.567 Å V=978.7 Z=8<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Weil|first1=Matthias|last2=Puchberger|first2=Michael|last3=Baran|first3=Enrique J.|title=Preparation and Characterization of Dimercury(I) Monofluorophosphate(V), Hg2PO3F: Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior, Vibrational Spectra, and Solid-State 31P and 19F NMR Spectra|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|date=December 2004|volume=43|issue=26|pages=8330–8335|doi=10.1021/ic048741e|pmid=15606179}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
Line 269: Line 269:
|lead monofluorophosphate
|lead monofluorophosphate
|PbPO<sub>3</sub>F
|PbPO<sub>3</sub>F
|orthorhombic a=6.95 b=8.52 c=5.47<ref name="Walford1967">{{cite journal|last=Walford|first=L. K.|year=1967|title=Single-crystal and powder data for lead fluorophosphate|journal=Acta Crystallographica|volume=22|issue=2|pages=324–324|issn=0365-110X|doi=10.1107/S0365110X67000593|url=http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0365110X67000593}}</ref>
|orthorhombic a=6.95 b=8.52 c=5.47<ref name="Walford1967">{{cite journal|last=Walford|first=L. K.|year=1967|title=Single-crystal and powder data for lead fluorophosphate|journal=Acta Crystallographica|volume=22|issue=2|pages=324|issn=0365-110X|doi=10.1107/S0365110X67000593|url=http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0365110X67000593}}</ref>
|
|
|6.24
|6.24
Line 333: Line 333:
|1.51
|1.51
|-
|-
|Tris(2-carbamoylguanidinium) hydrogen fluorophosphonate fluorophosphonate monohydrate<ref name="Fábry2011">{{cite journal|last=Fábry|first=Jan|author2=Michaela Fridrichová, Michal Dušek, Karla Fejfarová, Radmila Krupková|year=2011|title=Tris(2-carbamoylguanidinium) hydrogen fluorophosphonate fluorophosphonate monohydrate|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section E|volume=68|issue=1|pages=o47–o48|issn=1600-5368|doi=10.1107/S1600536811051683|pmc=3254407}}</ref>
|Tris(2-carbamoylguanidinium) hydrogen fluorophosphonate fluorophosphonate monohydrate<ref name="Fábry2011">{{cite journal|last=Fábry|first=Jan|author2=Michaela Fridrichová, Michal Dušek, Karla Fejfarová, Radmila Krupková|year=2011|title=Tris(2-carbamoylguanidinium) hydrogen fluorophosphonate fluorophosphonate monohydrate|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section E|volume=68|issue=1|pages=o47–o48|issn=1600-5368|doi=10.1107/S1600536811051683|pmid=22259550|pmc=3254407}}</ref>
|3C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sup>+</sup>·HFPO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>·FPO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>·H<sub>2</sub>O
|3C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sup>+</sup>·HFPO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>·FPO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>·H<sub>2</sub>O
|triclinic a=6.7523, b = 8.2926, c = 9.7297, α= 100.630°,β=90.885°,γ=99.168, V = 528.05
|triclinic a=6.7523, b = 8.2926, c = 9.7297, α= 100.630°,β=90.885°,γ=99.168, V = 528.05
|
|
|-
|-
|bis(2-carbamoylguanidinium) fluorophosphonate dihydrate<ref name="Fábry2012b">{{cite journal|last=Fábry|first=Jan|author2=Michaela Fridrichová, Michal Dušek, Karla Fejfarová, Radmila Krupková|year=2012|title=Two polymorphs of bis(2-carbamoylguanidinium) fluorophosphonate dihydrate|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|volume=68|issue=2|pages=o71–o75|issn=0108-2701|doi=10.1107/S0108270111053133}}</ref>
|bis(2-carbamoylguanidinium) fluorophosphonate dihydrate<ref name="Fábry2012b">{{cite journal|last=Fábry|first=Jan|author2=Michaela Fridrichová, Michal Dušek, Karla Fejfarová, Radmila Krupková|year=2012|title=Two polymorphs of bis(2-carbamoylguanidinium) fluorophosphonate dihydrate|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section C|volume=68|issue=2|pages=o71–o75|issn=0108-2701|doi=10.1107/S0108270111053133|pmid=22307257}}</ref>
|2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sup>+</sup>·FPO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>·2H<sub>2</sub>O
|2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>7</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sup>+</sup>·FPO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>·2H<sub>2</sub>O
|}
|}
Line 397: Line 397:
|
|
|-
|-
|isobutyl methyl fluorophosphate<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ordentlich|first1=Arie|last2=Barak|first2=Ruth|last3=Barak|first3=Dov|last4=Fischer|first4=Meir|last5=Benschop|first5=HendrikP.|last6=De Jong|first6=LeoP.A.|last7=Segall|first7=Yoffi|last8=Velan|first8=Baruch|last9=Shafferman|first9=Avigdor|title=Structure and Function of Cholinesterases and Related Proteins|date=1998|publisher=Springer US|isbn=9781489915429|pages=249–249|url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4899-1540-5_74|language=English|chapter=ESMS as a Unique Tool for the Molecular Monitoring of Reactions between HuAChE and Various OP-Agents}}</ref>
|isobutyl methyl fluorophosphate<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ordentlich|first1=Arie|last2=Barak|first2=Ruth|last3=Barak|first3=Dov|last4=Fischer|first4=Meir|last5=Benschop|first5=HendrikP.|last6=De Jong|first6=LeoP.A.|last7=Segall|first7=Yoffi|last8=Velan|first8=Baruch|last9=Shafferman|first9=Avigdor|title=Structure and Function of Cholinesterases and Related Proteins|date=1998|publisher=Springer US|isbn=9781489915429|pages=249|language=English|chapter=ESMS as a Unique Tool for the Molecular Monitoring of Reactions between HuAChE and Various OP-Agents|doi=10.1007/978-1-4899-1540-5_74}}</ref>
|
|
|170.12
|170.12

Revision as of 21:06, 26 November 2018

Monofluorophosphate
Names
IUPAC name
Fluoro-dioxido-oxo-λ5-phosphane
Other names
Fluorophosphate, Phosphorofluoridat, Phosphorofluoridate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
UNII
  • InChI=1S/FH2O3P/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,2,3,4)/p-2
    Key: DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L
  • [O-]P(=O)([O-])F
Properties
PO3F2–
Molar mass 97.971 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Monofluorophosphate is an anion with the formula PO3F2−, which is a phosphate group with one oxygen atom substituted with a fluoride atom. The charge of the ion is −2. The ion resembles sulfate in size, shape and charge, and can thus form compounds with the same structure as sulfates. These include Tutton's salts and langbeinites. The most well-known compound of monofluorophosphate is sodium monofluorophosphate, commonly used in toothpaste.

Related ions include difluorophosphate (PO
2F−
2) and hexafluorophosphate (PF−
6).[1] The related neutral molecule is phosphenic fluoride PO2F.

Organic derivatives can be highly toxic and include diisopropyl fluorophosphate. Some of the Novichok agents are monofluorophosphate esters. Names are given to these by naming the groups attached as esters and then adding "fluorophosphonate" to the end of the name. Two organic groups can be attached. Other related nerve gas substances may not be esters, and instead have carbon-phosphorus or nitrogen-phosphorus bonds. The organic fluorophosphonates react with serine esterases and serine proteases irreversibly. This prevents these enzymes from functioning. Such an important enzyme is acetylcholinesterase as found in most animals.[2] Some of the organic esters are detoxified in mammals by an enzym in the blood and liver called paraoxonase PON1.[3]

Willy Lange from Berlin discovered sodium monofluorophosphate in 1929. He fruitlessly tried to make monofluorophosphoric acid. However, he did discover the highly toxic organic esters. Following this discovery various nerve gases like sarin were developed.

Fluorophosphate glasses are low melting point kinds of glass which are mixtures of fluoride and phosphate metal compounds. For example, the composition 10% SnO, 40% SnF2, 50% P2O5 forms a glass melting about 139 °C. PbO and PbF2 can lower the melting temperature, and increase water resistance.[4] These glasses can also be coloured by various other elements, and organic dyes.

Production

Hydrolysis of difluorophosphate with an alkali produces monofluorophosphate.

PO
2F−
2 + 2 MOH → M2PO3F + H2O + F−

Industrial production is by reaction of a fluoride with a metaphosphate.

MF + MPO3 → M2PO3F

Disodium hydrogen phosphate or tetrasodium pyrophosphate can react with hydrogen fluoride to form the sodium salt.

Na2HPO4 or Na4P2O7

Phosphoric acid reacts with metal fluorides dissolved in molten urea to yield monofluorphosphates.[5]

Properties

Monofluorophosphates are stable at room temperature, but will decompose when heated. For example, at 450 K silver monofluorophosphate gives off phosphoryl fluoride (POF3) as a gas leaving behind silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) and silver pyrophosphate (Ag4P2O7).[6]

Compounds

name Formula crystal form Formula weight density ChemSpider PubChem CAS
fluorophosphoric acid H2PO3F 99.986 22687 24267 13537-32-1
sodium monofluorophosphate Na2PO3F 22686 24266 10163-15-2
sodium hydrogen monofluorophosphate NaHPO3F 121.968 19860808 20859-36-3
sodium hydrogen monofluorophosphate dihydrate[7] NaHPO3F.2H2O monoclinic a=19.112Å, b=5.341Å, c=12.72Å, α=110.18°, V=1219.4. 167.01 1.819
potassium monofluorophosphate[8] K2PO3F orthorhombic a=7.554 Å, b=5.954 Å, c=10.171 Å, V=457Å3 Z=4 (at 20 °C) Z=4[9] 176.17 2.57 20859-37-4 14306-73-1
K2PO3F•KF[10]
Potassium hydrogen monofluorophosphate KHPO3F monoclinic a=7.273; b=14.086; c=7.655 β=90.13 Z=8 V=784.233[11]
Tripotassium hydrogen monofluorophosphate K3H(PO3F)2 monoclinic a=7.973; b=11.635; c=9.668 β=113.52 Z=4 V=822.35[11]
rubidium monofluorophosphate[12] Rb2PO3F orthorhombic[13] a=7.8714 Å, b=6.1236 Å, c=10.5424 Å, V=508.15Å3 Z=4 (at 290K) Z=4 268.9 3.514
Rubidium hydrogen monofluorophosphate RbHPO3F monoclinic a=7.465, b=15.551, c=7.563, β=105.38, Z=8, V=846.533[11]
caesium monofluorophosphate Cs2PO3F[12] orthorhombic a=8.308 Å, b=6.3812 Å, c=11.036 Å, V=585.1Å3 Z=4 at 240K 363.8 4.129
caesium hydrogen monofluorophosphate CsHPO3F monoclinic a=14.478 Å, b=5.929 Å, c=5.413 Å, β=103.30°, V=452.2 Å3, Z = 4[14] 231.89
tricaesium diammonium hydrogen monofluorophosphate Cs3(NH4)2H3(PO3F)4 monoclinic a=20.619 Å, b=12.076 Å, c=15.856 Å, β=102.58°, V=3853 Å3, Z=8[14] 829.72
ammonium monofluorophosphate[8] (NH4)2PO3F orthorhombic a=6.29 Å, b=8.31 Å, c=12.70 Å, V=Å3 ß=99.6°, 4 per unit cell (Z)[15] 134.05 1.633 8324505
ammonium monofluorophosphate hydrate[16] (NH4)2PO3F•H2O monoclinic a=7.9481 Å, b=11.3472 Å, c=6.0425 Å, V=Å3 ß=117.55°, 4 per unit cell
monoclinic a=6.3042, b=8.2942 c=12.760 β=98.415° Z=4 V=657.416[17] 		152.05 1.536
magnesium monofluorophosphate MgPO3F 122.28 23206079
calcium monofluorophosphate dihydrate[18] CaPO3F•2H2O triclinic a=8.6497; b=6.4614; c=5.7353 α=119.003; β=110.853; γ=94.146 V=249.943 Z=2[17] 2.313 8096036 9920401 37809-19-1
calcium monofluorophosphate hemihydrate[18] CaPO3F.1/2H2O
strontium monofluorophosphate SrPO3F monoclinic[19] 185.59 18183579
strontium monofluorphosphate hydrate[20] SrPO3F·H2O 185.59
barium monofluorophosphate BaPO3F monoclinic a = 11.3105 Å, b = 8.6934 Å, c = 9.2231 Å, β = 127.819° Z=4
orthorhombic[21] 		235.299 20836124 15600-53-0[22]
copper monofluorophosphate[23] CuPO3F•5H2O 251.59
manganese(II) fluorophosphate dihydrate MnPO3F•2H2O triclinic Z = 2, a = 5.528, b = 5.636, c = 8.257 Å, α = 81.279, β = 75.156, γ = 71.722°[24] 188.94
basic copper potassium monofluorophosphate[23] Cu2K(OH)(PO3F)2•5H2O monoclinic a=9.094 Å, b=6.333 Å, c=7.75 Å, ß=117.55°, 2 per unit cell.
diammonium diaquabis(monofluorophosphato) copper[25] Cu(NH4)2(PO3F)2•2H2O monoclinic a=13.454 Å, b=5.243 Å, c=7.518 Å, β=114.59° V=482.2 Z=2 331.6 2.28
vanadium monofluorophosphate VPO3F 148.91 20452625
silver monofluorophosphate[23] Ag2PO3F monoclinic a=9.245 Å, b=5.585 Å, c=14.784 Å, and β=90.178° Z=8[6] 313.7 44135907
trisilver ammonium monofluorophosphate NH4Ag3(PO3F)2 monoclinic a=30.895, b=5.5976 c=9.7522, β=90.027 V=1686.6 Z=8[26] 537.59 4.234
zinc monofluorophosphate[27] ZnPO3F•2.5H2O 163.35 20846323 68705-59-9
Mercurous monofluorophosphate Hg2PO3F orthorhombic a=9.406 Å, b=12.145 Å, c=8.567 Å V=978.7 Z=8[28]
tin monofluorophosphate SnPO3F•2.5H2O monoclinic 216.68 44717639 52262-58-5
lead monofluorophosphate PbPO3F orthorhombic a=6.95 b=8.52 c=5.47[29] 6.24
Ammonium dipotassium hydrogen difluorophosphate[30] NH4K2H(PO3F)2
ditheylammonium hydrogen monofluorophosphate[7] [NH2(CH2CH3)2]HPO3F orthorhombic a=12.892Å, b=9.530Å, c=13.555Å, α=90°, V=1665. 173.12 1.381
tetramethylammonium monofluorophosphate[7] [N(CH3)4]2PO3F 246.26
tetraethylammonium monofluorophosphate[7] [N(CH2CH3)4]2PO3F 358.47
tetrabutylammonium monofluorophosphate[7] [N(CH2CH2CH2CH3)4]2PO3F 582.90
piperazinium hydrogen monofluorophosphate[7] [PipzH2]HPO3F monoclinic a=6.020Å, b=13.012Å, c=7.285Å, α=95.09°, V=568.4 286.11 1.672
glutamine monofluorophosphate monohydrate C5H12N2O3PFO3 246.131 19989732
glutamine monofluorophosphate disodium dichloride C10H20Cl2FN4Na2O9P 507.146 143826 164002
Anilinium Hydrogen Monofluorophosphate[31] C6H8N+.HPO3F− monoclinic a=9.418 Å b=14.31 Å c=6.303 Å β=92.45° V=859 Z=4 brown 193.12 1.51
Tris(2-carbamoylguanidinium) hydrogen fluorophosphonate fluorophosphonate monohydrate[32] 3C2H7N4O+·HFPO3−·FPO32−·H2O triclinic a=6.7523, b = 8.2926, c = 9.7297, α= 100.630°,β=90.885°,γ=99.168, V = 528.05
bis(2-carbamoylguanidinium) fluorophosphonate dihydrate[33] 2C2H7N4O+·FPO32−·2H2O

Organic

name Formula Formula weight ChemSpider PubChem CAS
Dimethyl fluorophosphate (CH3)2PO2F 128.039 72304 80052 5954-50-7
Methyl ethyl fluorophosphate (CH3)(CH3CH2)PO2F
1-[Ethoxy(fluoro)phosphoryl]oxyethane[34] (CH3CH2)2PO2F 156.093 67752 358-74-7
Isoflurophate [(CH3)2CH]2PO2F 184.147 5723 5936 55-91-4
1-[Fluoro(2-oxopropoxy)phosphoryl]oxypropan-2-one 212.113 129718773
isobutyl methyl fluorophosphate[35] 170.12 129684440
1-[Fluoro(methoxy)phosphoryl]oxypentane (CH3)(CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2)PO3F 184.147 129761096
1-[Fluoro(propoxy)phosphoryl]oxypropane (CH3CH2CH2)2PO3F 184.147 4954063 6451603 381-45-3
O-isopropyl propyl fluorophosphonate (CH3)2CH(CH3CH2CH2)PO3F 184.147 88538036
O-1-methyl-butyl ethyl fluorophosphonate 198.174 129761095
Dibutyl fluorophosphate (CH3CH2CH2CH2)2PO3F 212.201 11640560 13025172 674-48-6
Di-sec-butyl fluorophosphate [CH3CH2CH(CH3)]2PO3F 212.201 92528 102452 625-17-2
Di(1,3-dimethyl-n-butyl) fluorophosphate [(CH3)2CHCH2CH(CH3)]2PO3F 268.309 91838 101643 311-60-4
1-[fluoro(2-methylpentan-3-yloxy)phosphoryl]oxyoctane 296.363 129760905
Methyl arachidonoyl fluorophosphonate 400.471 11741711 9916415
12-[fluoro(propan-2-yloxy)phosphoryl]oxydodec-1-ene 308.374 129892247
bis(4-phenylbutyl) fluorophosphate (C6H5CH2CH2CH2CH2)2PO3F 364.397 162961 187452 85473-46-7
3'-Fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine-5'-fluorophosphate 326.193 2339398 3081896 152829-59-9
Cytidine 5'-fluorophosphate 325.189 87861929 68521-86-8
Chlorofluoromethylideneamino-2-chloroethylfluorophosphate ClFC-N-(ClCH2CH2PO3F A-230 Novichok agent[36]
Chlorofluoromethylideneamino-1-methyl-2-chloroethylfluorophosphate ClFC-N-(ClCH2CH(CH3)PO3F A-232 Novichok agent
Chlorofluoromethylideneamino-1,2-dimethyl-2-chloroethylfluorophosphate ClFC-N-(Cl(CH3)CHCH(CH3)PO3F A-234 Novichok agent

Uses

Zinc monofluorophosphate can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for steel when salt is present.[37]

Glutamine monofluorophosphate has been used as a fluoride-bearing medicine.

References

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Other reading

  • Leblanc, Marc; Vincent Maisonneuve, Alain Tressaud; Tressaud, Alain (2014). "Crystal Chemistry and Selected Physical Properties of Inorganic Fluorides and Oxide-Fluorides". Chemical Reviews. 115 (2): 1191–254. doi:10.1021/cr500173c. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 25135645.
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