Dermatophagia: Difference between revisions
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Updated DSM material, removed inaccurate information about consumption of skin and replaced it with sourced information |
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[[Image:Fingerbite.jpg|thumb|right|150px|A person with dermatophagia's extremely bitten finger.]] |
[[Image:Fingerbite.jpg|thumb|right|150px|A person with dermatophagia's extremely bitten finger.]] |
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[[File:Fingertips of a dermatophagia sufferer.jpg|thumb|left|The fingers of a person with dermatophagia. After some time, the repeated biting leaves the skin discolored and bloody.]] |
[[File:Fingertips of a dermatophagia sufferer.jpg|thumb|left|The fingers of a person with dermatophagia. After some time, the repeated biting leaves the skin discolored and bloody.]] |
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'''Dermatophagia''' (from Ancient Greek ''δέρμα'' - skin - and ''φαγεία'' - eating) is a compulsion disorder of gnawing, biting or eating one's own skin, most commonly at the fingers. People with dermatophagia typically bite the skin around the nails, leading to bleeding and discoloration over time. Some people also bite on their skin on their finger knuckles which can lead to pain and bleeding just by moving their fingers. |
'''Dermatophagia''' (from Ancient Greek ''δέρμα'' - skin - and ''φαγεία'' - eating) is a compulsion disorder of gnawing, biting or eating one's own skin, most commonly at the fingers. People with dermatophagia typically bite the skin around the nails, leading to bleeding and discoloration over time. Some people also bite on their skin on their finger knuckles which can lead to pain and bleeding just by moving their fingers. It has been proposed that dermatodaxia would be a more fitting term for this disorder, as the suffix '-phagia' implies that the skin is being eaten rather than simply bitten. In most cases of dermatophagia, the skin is only bitten with no consumption.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Hawsawi|first=Khalid Al|last2=Pope|first2=Elena|title=Pediatric Psychocutaneous Disorders|url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2165/11589040-000000000-00000.pdf|journal=American Journal of Clinical Dermatology|language=en|volume=12|issue=4|doi=10.2165/11589040-000000000-00000.pdf|issn=1175-0561}}</ref> Contemporary research suggests a link between [[impulse control disorder]]s and [[obsessive–compulsive disorder]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Grant|title=Impulse-control disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. |display-authors=etal |pmid=20004481 |doi=10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.006 |pmc=2815218 |volume=175 |date=January 2010 |journal=Psychiatry Res |pages=109–13}}</ref> and this was addressed in the DSM-5 when this and other related disorders were classified as 'other specified obsessive-compulsive related disorders' and are given the specification of body focused repetitive behavior.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Supplement to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition|last=American Psychiatric Association|first=|publisher=|year=2016|isbn=|location=|pages=12-14}}</ref> Further information on OCD, other anxiety disorders, dermatophagia and other related body focused repetitive behaviors can be found in the [[DSM-5]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|last=American Psychiatric Association|first=|publisher=|year=2013|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> |
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Contemporary research suggests a link between [[impulse control disorder]]s and [[obsessive–compulsive disorder]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Grant|title=Impulse-control disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. |display-authors=etal |pmid=20004481 |doi=10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.006 |pmc=2815218 |volume=175 |date=January 2010 |journal=Psychiatry Res |pages=109–13}}</ref> and this may be addressed in the ''[[DSM-5]]'', published in May 2013.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nail-Biting May Be Classified As OCD In New DSM |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/01/nail-biting-ocd-obsessive-compulsive-disorder_n_2060183.html |publisher=The Huffington Post |accessdate=8 February 2013 |date=1 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=American Psychiatric Association |title=DSM-5: The Future of Psychiatric Diagnosis|url=http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx |accessdate=8 February 2013}}</ref>{{Update inline|date=November 2013}} Further information on OCD, other anxiety disorders, and dermatophagia and other impulse-control disorders can be found in the ''[[Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders#DSM-IV-TR_.282000.29|DSM-IV TR]]''.<ref name="DSM-IV TR">{{cite book |last=American Psychiatric Association |title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th. ed., text revision) |year=2000 |location=Washington, DC}}</ref> |
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==Behavior== |
==Behavior== |
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People with dermatophagia chew their skin out of compulsion, and can do so on a variety of places on their body.<ref name=produkte>{{cite journal |last1=Al Hawsawi |first1=K. |last2=Al Aboud |first2=K. |last3=Ramesh |first3=V. |title=Dermatophagia Simulating Callosities |year=2003 |journal=Dermatology Psychosomatics |volume=4 |pages=42–43 |url=http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowPDF&ArtikelNr=70535&Ausgabe=229178&ProduktNr=224228&filename=70535.pdf |format=pdf |doi=10.1159/000070535}}</ref> Those with dermatophagia typically chew the skin surrounding their fingernails and joints. They also chew on the inside of their mouth, cheeks, and/or lips, causing blisters in and outside of the mouth. If the behavior is left unchecked for an extended period, [[calluses]] may start to develop where most of the biting is done. |
People with dermatophagia chew their skin out of compulsion, and can do so on a variety of places on their body.<ref name=produkte>{{cite journal |last1=Al Hawsawi |first1=K. |last2=Al Aboud |first2=K. |last3=Ramesh |first3=V. |title=Dermatophagia Simulating Callosities |year=2003 |journal=Dermatology Psychosomatics |volume=4 |pages=42–43 |url=http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowPDF&ArtikelNr=70535&Ausgabe=229178&ProduktNr=224228&filename=70535.pdf |format=pdf |doi=10.1159/000070535}}</ref> Those with dermatophagia typically chew the skin surrounding their fingernails and joints. They also chew on the inside of their mouth, cheeks, and/or lips, causing blisters in and outside of the mouth. If the behavior is left unchecked for an extended period, [[calluses]] may start to develop where most of the biting is done. |
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Skin chewing can be bolstered by times of apprehension and other unpleasant events.<ref name=produkte/> [[Blister]]s in particular can cause a feeling of desire to pull or bite off the affected skin and nails (since the skin is dead, thus easily pulled off), which could be detrimental, causing [[infection]]. Another disorder, known as [[ |
Skin chewing can be bolstered by times of apprehension and other unpleasant events.<ref name=produkte/> [[Blister]]s in particular can cause a feeling of desire to pull or bite off the affected skin and nails (since the skin is dead, thus easily pulled off), which could be detrimental, causing [[infection]]. Another disorder, known as [[excoriation disorder]], the repetitive of uncontrollably picking at one's skin, can sometimes accompany dermatophagia. Dermatophagia differs from [[excoriation disorder]] in that the repetitive motion sufferers partake in is the biting of the skin. <ref name=":0" /> People who have dermatophagia can also be prone to infection as when they bite their fingers so frequently, they make themselves vulnerable to bacteria seeping in and causing infection. Dermatophagia can be considered a "sister" disorder to [[trichophagia]], which involves compulsively biting and eating one's hair.<ref name=FingerFreak>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fingerfreak.com/related-disorders-and-habits/dermatophagia |title=Dermatophagia|accessdate=April 27, 2009 |publisher=FingerFreak.com |work=fingerfreak}}</ref> |
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==Management== |
==Management== |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Excoriation disorder]] |
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* [[Dermatillomania]] |
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* [[Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome]] |
* [[Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome]] |
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* [[Body-focused repetitive behavior]] |
* [[Body-focused repetitive behavior]] |
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Revision as of 18:18, 30 November 2018
| Dermatophagia | |
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 | |
| Extreme nail biting / biting of skin to point of an obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) or other condition leading to self mutilating behaviour such as autistic spectrum disorders (as is the case in this example) or Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome. |
Dermatophagia (from Ancient Greek δέρμα - skin - and φαγεία - eating) is a compulsion disorder of gnawing, biting or eating one's own skin, most commonly at the fingers. People with dermatophagia typically bite the skin around the nails, leading to bleeding and discoloration over time. Some people also bite on their skin on their finger knuckles which can lead to pain and bleeding just by moving their fingers. It has been proposed that dermatodaxia would be a more fitting term for this disorder, as the suffix '-phagia' implies that the skin is being eaten rather than simply bitten. In most cases of dermatophagia, the skin is only bitten with no consumption.[1] Contemporary research suggests a link between impulse control disorders and obsessive–compulsive disorders,[2] and this was addressed in the DSM-5 when this and other related disorders were classified as 'other specified obsessive-compulsive related disorders' and are given the specification of body focused repetitive behavior.[3] Further information on OCD, other anxiety disorders, dermatophagia and other related body focused repetitive behaviors can be found in the DSM-5[4]
Behavior
People with dermatophagia chew their skin out of compulsion, and can do so on a variety of places on their body.[5] Those with dermatophagia typically chew the skin surrounding their fingernails and joints. They also chew on the inside of their mouth, cheeks, and/or lips, causing blisters in and outside of the mouth. If the behavior is left unchecked for an extended period, calluses may start to develop where most of the biting is done.
Skin chewing can be bolstered by times of apprehension and other unpleasant events.[5] Blisters in particular can cause a feeling of desire to pull or bite off the affected skin and nails (since the skin is dead, thus easily pulled off), which could be detrimental, causing infection. Another disorder, known as excoriation disorder, the repetitive of uncontrollably picking at one's skin, can sometimes accompany dermatophagia. Dermatophagia differs from excoriation disorder in that the repetitive motion sufferers partake in is the biting of the skin. [1] People who have dermatophagia can also be prone to infection as when they bite their fingers so frequently, they make themselves vulnerable to bacteria seeping in and causing infection. Dermatophagia can be considered a "sister" disorder to trichophagia, which involves compulsively biting and eating one's hair.[6]
Management
There is not yet a known way to remedy this tendency. Small things can be done to delay the urge a bit, such as chewing gum, and chewing on a soft drink straw.
See also
Notes
- ^ a b Hawsawi, Khalid Al; Pope, Elena. "Pediatric Psychocutaneous Disorders" (PDF). American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 12 (4). doi:10.2165/11589040-000000000-00000.pdf. ISSN 1175-0561.
- ^ Grant; et al. (January 2010). "Impulse-control disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder". Psychiatry Res. 175: 109–13. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.04.006. PMC 2815218. PMID 20004481.
- ^ American Psychiatric Association (2016). Supplement to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. pp. 12–14.
- ^ American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
- ^ a b Al Hawsawi, K.; Al Aboud, K.; Ramesh, V. (2003). "Dermatophagia Simulating Callosities" (pdf). Dermatology Psychosomatics. 4: 42–43. doi:10.1159/000070535.
- ^ "Dermatophagia". fingerfreak. FingerFreak.com. Retrieved April 27, 2009.