Larinus planus: Difference between revisions
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'''''Larinus planus''''' is a species of [[Curculionidae|true weevil]]. It is used as an agent of [[biological pest control]] against the [[noxious weed]] [[Cirsium arvense|Canada thistle]] (''Cirsium arvense'').<ref>{{cite book |title=Operational Field Guide to the Propagation and Establishment of the Bioagent Larinus Planus |date=May 2001 |publisher=Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests |url=https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/plants/downloads/FieldGuide_Larinus_planus.pdf}}</ref> The name has been recently changed to '''''Larinus carlinae'''''.{{Citation needed|reason=Source needed for the species name change|date=January 2019}} |
'''''Larinus planus''''' is a species of [[Curculionidae|true weevil]]. It is used as an agent of [[biological pest control]] against the [[noxious weed]] [[Cirsium arvense|Canada thistle]] (''Cirsium arvense'').<ref>{{cite book |title=Operational Field Guide to the Propagation and Establishment of the Bioagent Larinus Planus |date=May 2001 |publisher=Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests |url=https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/plants/downloads/FieldGuide_Larinus_planus.pdf}}</ref> The name has been recently changed to '''''Larinus carlinae'''''.{{Citation needed|reason=Source needed for the species name change|date=January 2019}} |
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The adult weevil is dark brown or black with light colored mottled hairs on its body. It is about |
The adult weevil is dark brown or black with light colored mottled hairs on its body. It is about 5-10 millimeters long.<ref>{{cite web |title=Larinus planus |url=https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/plants/biocontrol/detailed_bioagent_pages/Larinus_planus.htm |website=Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations |publisher=Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests |language=en |date=17 May 2007 |accessdate=30 January 2019}}</ref> |
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This weevil is native to [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]]. It was first accidentally introduced to the [[United States]] in the 1960s. The first published record is from [[Maryland]] in 1971.<ref>White, J. C. 1972. A European weevil, ''Larinus carolinae'' Oliver, collected in Maryland. Cooperative Economic Insect Report 22:418.</ref> |
This weevil is native to [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]]. It was first accidentally introduced to the [[United States]] in the 1960s. The first published record is from [[Maryland]] in 1971.<ref>White, J. C. 1972. A European weevil, ''Larinus carolinae'' Oliver, collected in Maryland. Cooperative Economic Insect Report 22:418.</ref> |
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It was subsequently evaluated as a biocontrol agent in 1990 and redistributed across a wide range of the [[Great Plains]] and [[western United States|western States]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coombs |first1=Eric |last2=Clark |first2=Janet |last3=Piper |first3=Gary |last4=Cofrancesco |first4=Alfred |title=Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States |date=2004 |publisher=Oregon State University Press |isbn=978-0-87071-029-2}}</ref><ref name=Louda>{{cite web | url=http://web.wits.ac.za/NR/rdonlyres/CD7EB87D-64DC-419C-95BA-2F1A7E60329D/0/LoudaandOBrien2002.pdf | author = Louda and O'Brien | year = 2002 | title = Unexpected Ecological Effects of Distributing the exotic weevil ''Larinus planus'' (F.) for the Biological Control of Canada Thistle | publisher = Conservation Biology }}</ref> |
It was subsequently evaluated as a biocontrol agent in 1990 and redistributed across a wide range of the [[Great Plains]] and [[western United States|western States]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Coombs |first1=Eric |last2=Clark |first2=Janet |last3=Piper |first3=Gary |last4=Cofrancesco |first4=Alfred |title=Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States |date=2004 |publisher=Oregon State University Press |isbn=978-0-87071-029-2}}</ref><ref name=Louda>{{cite web | url=http://web.wits.ac.za/NR/rdonlyres/CD7EB87D-64DC-419C-95BA-2F1A7E60329D/0/LoudaandOBrien2002.pdf | author = Louda and O'Brien | year = 2002 | title = Unexpected Ecological Effects of Distributing the exotic weevil ''Larinus planus'' (F.) for the Biological Control of Canada Thistle | publisher = Conservation Biology }}</ref> |
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In 2000, it was found feeding on ''[[Cirsium undulatum]]'' var. ''tracyi'', a sparsely distributed thistle native to western [[Colorado]] and eastern [[Utah]]. Subsequent research determined that the weevil reduced seed production of the native thistle.<ref name=Louda /> |
In 2000, it was found feeding on ''[[Cirsium undulatum]]'' var. ''tracyi'', a sparsely distributed thistle native to western [[Colorado]] and eastern [[Utah]]. Subsequent research determined that the weevil reduced seed production of the native thistle.<ref name=Louda /> It has also been found to have an adverse affect on the native and threatened ''[[Cirsium pitcheri]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Havens |first1=Kayri |last2=Jolls |first2=Claudia L. |last3=Marik |first3=Julie E. |last4=Vitt |first4=Pati |last5=McEachern |first5=A. Kathryn |last6=Kind |first6=Darcy |title=Effects of a non-native biocontrol weevil, Larinus planus, and other emerging threats on populations of the federally threatened Pitcher’s thistle, Cirsium pitcheri |journal=Biological Conservation |date=October 2012 |volume=155 |pages=202–211 |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.010 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320712002790}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 14:59, 30 January 2019
| Larinus planus | |
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| Scientific classification | |
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| Phylum: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
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| Genus: | |
| Species: | L. planus
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| Binomial name | |
| Larinus planus (Fabricius, 1792)
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Larinus planus is a species of true weevil. It is used as an agent of biological pest control against the noxious weed Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense).[1] The name has been recently changed to Larinus carlinae.[citation needed]
The adult weevil is dark brown or black with light colored mottled hairs on its body. It is about 5-10 millimeters long.[2]
This weevil is native to Central and Eastern Europe. It was first accidentally introduced to the United States in the 1960s. The first published record is from Maryland in 1971.[3]
It was subsequently evaluated as a biocontrol agent in 1990 and redistributed across a wide range of the Great Plains and western States.[4][5]
In 2000, it was found feeding on Cirsium undulatum var. tracyi, a sparsely distributed thistle native to western Colorado and eastern Utah. Subsequent research determined that the weevil reduced seed production of the native thistle.[5] It has also been found to have an adverse affect on the native and threatened Cirsium pitcheri.[6]
References
- ^ Operational Field Guide to the Propagation and Establishment of the Bioagent Larinus Planus (PDF). Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests. May 2001.
- ^ "Larinus planus". Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations. Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Forests. 17 May 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
- ^ White, J. C. 1972. A European weevil, Larinus carolinae Oliver, collected in Maryland. Cooperative Economic Insect Report 22:418.
- ^ Coombs, Eric; Clark, Janet; Piper, Gary; Cofrancesco, Alfred (2004). Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Oregon State University Press. ISBN 978-0-87071-029-2.
- ^ a b Louda and O'Brien (2002). "Unexpected Ecological Effects of Distributing the exotic weevil Larinus planus (F.) for the Biological Control of Canada Thistle" (PDF). Conservation Biology.
- ^ Havens, Kayri; Jolls, Claudia L.; Marik, Julie E.; Vitt, Pati; McEachern, A. Kathryn; Kind, Darcy (October 2012). "Effects of a non-native biocontrol weevil, Larinus planus, and other emerging threats on populations of the federally threatened Pitcher's thistle, Cirsium pitcheri". Biological Conservation. 155: 202–211. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.010.
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