First South American Congress of Private International Law: Difference between revisions
m most sources use the more literal translation |
+ content; + source; restructuring; changed several treaty names' translations to those used by sources |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Under construction}} |
|||
The ''' First South American Congress of Private International Law''' was an international congress on [[private international law]] (or ''conflict of laws'') and an ad-hoc codifier forum of international conflict of laws treaties held in [[Montevideo]] |
The ''' First South American Congress of Private International Law''' was an international congress on [[private international law]] (or ''conflict of laws'') and an ad-hoc codifier forum of international conflict of laws treaties held in [[Montevideo]] from 25 August [[1888]] to 18 February [[1889]],<ref name=Actasp7-18 /><ref name=Arguas /> in which eight treaties and an additional protocol were passed that covered practically all the subjects of conflicts of laws of that time.<ref name=LiberAmicorumSamtleben /> These were one of the first treaties on conflict of laws to come into force in the world. |
||
== Invitation == |
== Invitation == |
||
On |
On 14 February 1888 the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship|Minister of Foreign Affairs of Argentina]], [[Norberto Quirno Costa]], and the Minister Plenipotentiary of Uruguay to Argentina, [[Gonzalo Ramírez]], met in [[Buenos Aires]] in order to convene a congress of South American countries with the purpose of standardizing and unifying through a treaty the subjects related to private international law. The Congress on Private International Law would be organized by the governments of Argentina and Uruguay the next 25 August in Montevideo.<ref name=Actasp7-18 /><ref name=Arguas /> |
||
On 10 March 1888, Quirno Costa sent separated but simultaneous invitations to the governments of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela.<ref name=Actasp7-18 /> |
|||
| ⚫ | Governments of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Peru accepted to the invitation.<ref name=Actasp7-18 /> |
||
| ⚫ | Governments of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Peru accepted to the invitation.<ref name=Actasp7-18 /> Government of Colombia declined the invitation because it was necessary to review the current legislation due to the [[Colombian Constitution of 1886|recent reform of the Colombian Constitution]], task that prevented it from attending the Congress since it would not be done before the beginning of the Congress. In the case of Ecuador, it declined the invitation because they were [[1888 Ecuadorian presidential election|in the middle of elections]], so there would be an imminent change of government functionaries, and the new functionaries should be the ones who select and sent representatives. Venezuelan government declined the invitation because "the narrow time" since they received it to the date of beginning of the Congress, and due to the distance their plenipotentiary would have to travel would make it impossible to attend.<ref name=Actasp7-18 /> |
||
| ⚫ | Attended to the Congress [[Roque Sáenz Peña]] and [[Manuel Quintana]] as representatives of the Republic of Argentina, Santiago Vaca Guzmán as the representative of the Republic of Bolivia, Domingos de Andrade Figueira as the representative of the [[Empire of Brazil]], Guillermo Matta and Belisario Prats as the representatives of the Republic of Chile, [[Tomás Benjamín Aceval Marín|Benjamín Aceval]] and José Zacarías Caminos as the representatives of the Republic of Paraguay, [[Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes|Cesáreo Chacaltana]] and Manuel María Gálvez as the representatives of the Republic of Peru, and Ildefonso García Lagos and Gonzalo Ramírez as the representatives of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay.<ref name=LiberAmicorumSamtleben /><ref name= |
||
== Congress == |
|||
=== Attendants === |
|||
| ⚫ | Attended to the Congress [[Roque Sáenz Peña]] and [[Manuel Quintana]] as representatives of the Republic of Argentina, Santiago Vaca Guzmán as the representative of the Republic of Bolivia, Domingos de Andrade Figueira as the representative of the [[Empire of Brazil]], Guillermo Matta and Belisario Prats as the representatives of the Republic of Chile, [[Tomás Benjamín Aceval Marín|Benjamín Aceval]] and José Zacarías Caminos as the representatives of the Republic of Paraguay, [[Cesáreo Chacaltana Reyes|Cesáreo Chacaltana]] and Manuel María Gálvez as the representatives of the Republic of Peru, and Ildefonso García Lagos and Gonzalo Ramírez as the representatives of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay.<ref name=LiberAmicorumSamtleben /><ref name=Actasp19-20 /> |
||
In few of the first sessions attended as temporary representatives of Brazil the [[Leonel Martiniano de Alencar, Baron of Alencar|Baron of Alencar]] and Juan Duarte Da Ponte Ribeiro. The appointed Minister Plenipotentiary Domingos de Andrade Figueira joined in the 15th session of 10 December due to the successive extensions of the works of the Brazilian parliament. |
|||
=== Opening session === |
|||
The opening session took place in 25 August of 1888. Ildefonso García Lagos said in his opening speech that with the advance of the legal sciences it is already possible to create fixed rules that are able to resolve the conflicts caused by the application of its laws when dealing with private relations, without detriment to the sovereignty of nations.<ref name=Actasp21-27 /> |
|||
He also added that the frequency and ease with international transactions occurs and the multiplicity and importance of the commerce that link the South American countries each other and to the rest of the world required to materialize an international agreement for the solution of issues that affect those legal relations.<ref name=Actasp21-27 /> |
|||
Meanwhile, Norberto Quirno Costa mentioned that nationals and foreigners who join the country should not feel stranger to the system neither being harmed by the conflicts of laws in regard to their person, acts or properties, thus making civil relations easier. Also as the South American countries progress and their international relations increase, the links between people are narrower and the existencce of common rules is more necessary.<ref name=Actasp21-27 /> |
|||
However, in the 12th session of 1 December, on the ocassion of the discussion of the project on international criminal law treaty introduced at the 7th session of 10 October, Sáenz Peña said that they attended the Congress not to standardize laws as expressed in the letter of invitation to the Congress, because this would imply reviewing domestic laws of each country, which would mean violating the principle of the inviolability of the States, but they were there to discuss the applicable law and the competent jurisdiction in a case with international elements.<ref name=Actasp137-159 /> |
|||
He also said:<ref name=Actasp137-159 /> |
|||
{{verse translation|lang=es |
|||
|Estudiamos, Señores, una ciencia de relacion, que nace precisamente de esa diversidad de las legislaciones, á diferencia del derecho interno, que tiene una vida incondicional, que tiene una existencia propia que vive en todos los casos y contra todas las hipótesis; si suprimimos, entre tanto, como lo quiere [[Johann Kaspar Bluntschli|Bluntschli]], las fronteras que separan á los pueblos, si los confundimos por un momento en una sola nacionalidad, el Derecho Internacional Privado, habría desaparecido con la última soberanía local, con la última ley territorial... |
|||
|Gentlemen, we study a science of relation, that is born precisely from that diversity of legislations, unlike the domestic law, that has an unconditional life, has its own existence that lives in all cases and against all the hypotheses; meanwhile, if we suppress, as [[Johann Kaspar Bluntschli|Bluntschli]] wants, the borders that separate the peoples, if we merge them for a moment in a single nationality, the Private International Law would have disappeared with the last local sovereignty, with the last domestic law...}} |
|||
== Treaties == |
== Treaties == |
||
=== Treaty on International Civil Law === |
|||
This treaty deals with various subjects: capacity of physical and juridical persons, domicile, absence, marriage, parental authority, filiation, guardianship, property, legal acts, inheritance, prescription and jurisdiction. |
|||
The [[connecting factor]] chosen by the treaty regarding capacity is the domicile. |
|||
=== Treaty on International Commercial Law === |
|||
=== Treaty on International Procedural Law === |
|||
=== Treaty on International Penal Law === |
|||
=== Treaty on Literary and Artistic Property === |
|||
=== Treaty on Commercial and Industrial Trademarks === |
|||
=== Treaty on Letters Patent === |
|||
=== Convention on the Exercise of Liberal Professions === |
|||
{{Main|Convention on the Exercise of Liberal Professions of 1889}} |
|||
The Convention on the Exercise of Liberal Professions rules that the holders of an academic degree obtained in a public education institution of a state party are allowed to automatically validate their degrees in another state party provided that the following requiremente are fulfilled: the exhibition of the degree duly legalized and prove that its owner is the one who is asking the validation. According to Quintin Alfonsin, this treaty deals with the validation of academic degrees for a profession in another state party but not with the practice of that profession itself, the latter being regulated by the domestic law instead.<ref name=Alfonsin1961 /> |
|||
=== Additional Protocol to the Treaties on Private International Law === |
|||
== Signatories and ratifications == |
|||
{| class=wikitable |
{| class=wikitable |
||
! Treaty !! Argentina !! Bolivia !! Brazil !! Chile !! Colombia <ref group=t name=a>Did not attend the Congress.</ref> !! Ecuador <ref group=t name=a /> !! Paraguay !! Peru !! Uruguay |
! Treaty !! Argentina !! Bolivia !! Brazil !! Chile !! Colombia <ref group=t name=a>Did not attend the Congress.</ref> !! Ecuador <ref group=t name=a /> !! Paraguay !! Peru !! Uruguay |
||
| Line 18: | Line 57: | ||
| [[Treaty on International Procedural Law of 1889]] || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Partial|Signed}} || {{Partial|Signed}} || {{Yes|Adhered}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} |
| [[Treaty on International Procedural Law of 1889]] || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Partial|Signed}} || {{Partial|Signed}} || {{Yes|Adhered}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Treaty on International |
| [[Treaty on International Penal Law of 1889]] || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Treaty on Literary and Artistic Property of 1889]] {{#tag:ref|Other non-South American countries also adhered to this treaty: France in 1896,<ref name=Bowker /> Spain<ref name=Bowker /> and Italy in 1900,<ref name=Bowker /> Belgium in 1903,<ref name=Bowker /> adhesions effective with Argentina and Paraguay.<ref name=Bowker />|group=t}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}}|| {{Partial|Signed}} || {{Partial|Signed}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} <!-- Adhesiones: Alemania Oriental, Austria, Bélgica, España, Francia, Hungría, Italia --> |
| [[Treaty on Literary and Artistic Property of 1889]] {{#tag:ref|Other non-South American countries also adhered to this treaty: France in 1896,<ref name=Bowker /> Spain<ref name=Bowker /> and Italy in 1900,<ref name=Bowker /> Belgium in 1903,<ref name=Bowker /> adhesions effective with Argentina and Paraguay.<ref name=Bowker />|group=t}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}}|| {{Partial|Signed}} || {{Partial|Signed}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} <!-- Adhesiones: Alemania Oriental, Austria, Bélgica, España, Francia, Hungría, Italia --> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Treaty on |
| [[Treaty on Commercial and Industrial Trademarks of 1889]] || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}}|| {{Partial|Signed}} || {{Partial|Signed}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Treaty on |
| [[Treaty on Letters Patent of 1889]] || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}}|| {{Partial|Signed}} || {{Partial|Signed}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Convention on the Exercise of Liberal Professions of 1889]] || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Partial|<small>Adhesion subject to<br />later ratification</small>}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Adhered}} || {{Yes|Adhered}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} |
| [[Convention on the Exercise of Liberal Professions of 1889]] || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Partial|<small>Adhesion subject to<br />later ratification</small>}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Adhered}} || {{Yes|Adhered}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| [[Additional Protocol to the Treaties |
| [[Additional Protocol to the Treaties on Private International Law of 1889]] || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{No}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} || {{Yes|Ratified}} |
||
|} |
|} |
||
| Line 37: | Line 76: | ||
{{reflist|refs= |
{{reflist|refs= |
||
<ref name=Actasp7-18>{{Harvnb|Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado|1889|p=7-18|ref=Actas}}</ref> |
<ref name=Actasp7-18>{{Harvnb|Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado|1889|p=7-18|ref=Actas}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=Actasp19-20>{{Harvnb|Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado|1889|p=19-20|ref=Actas}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=Actasp21-27>{{Harvnb|Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado|1889|p=21-27|ref=Actas}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=Actasp137-159>{{Harvnb|Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado|1889|p=137-159|ref=Actas}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=Alfonsin1961>{{cite book|last=Alfonsín |first=Quintín |authorlink=Quintín Alfonsín |title=Sistema de Derecho Civil Internacional |year=1961 |publisher=Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales, [[Universidad de la República]] |series=Curso de derecho privado internacional con especial referencia al derecho uruguayo y los tratados de Montevideo |location=Montevideo |edition=1st |volume=1 |pp=327–337 |oclc=21792271 |language=es}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=Arguas>{{cite book|last=Argúas |first=Margarita |title=The Present State of International Law and Other Essays |chapter=The Montevideo Treaties of 1889 and 1940 and their Influence on the Unification of Private International Law in South America |year=1973 |publisher=Springer |pp=345-360 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-017-4497-3 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-017-4497-3_20 |isbn=978-94-017-4497-3 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=Bowker>{{cita libro|apellido=Bowker|nombre=Richard Rogers|título=Copyright, Its History and Its Law|fecha=1912|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Copyright,_Its_History_and_Its_Law|editorial=The Riverside Press Cambridge|pp=331, 425-428}}</ref> |
<ref name=Bowker>{{cita libro|apellido=Bowker|nombre=Richard Rogers|título=Copyright, Its History and Its Law|fecha=1912|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Copyright,_Its_History_and_Its_Law|editorial=The Riverside Press Cambridge|pp=331, 425-428}}</ref> |
||
| Line 42: | Line 91: | ||
<ref name=LiberAmicorumSamtleben>{{cite book|title=Avances del Derecho Internacional Privado en América Latina. Liber Amicorum Jürgen Samtleben |editor-last=Kleinheisterkamp |editor-first=Jan |editor2-last=Lorenzo Idiarte |editor2-first=Gonzalo A. |last=Silva Alonso |first=Ramón |chapter=La contratación internacional en América: del Congreso Sudamericano de DIP de 1889 a la V Conferenica Interamericana de Derecho Internacional Privado |date=2002 |publisher=Fundación de Cultura Universitaria |isbn=9974-2-0418-6 |language=es|pp=25-26}}</ref> |
<ref name=LiberAmicorumSamtleben>{{cite book|title=Avances del Derecho Internacional Privado en América Latina. Liber Amicorum Jürgen Samtleben |editor-last=Kleinheisterkamp |editor-first=Jan |editor2-last=Lorenzo Idiarte |editor2-first=Gonzalo A. |last=Silva Alonso |first=Ramón |chapter=La contratación internacional en América: del Congreso Sudamericano de DIP de 1889 a la V Conferenica Interamericana de Derecho Internacional Privado |date=2002 |publisher=Fundación de Cultura Universitaria |isbn=9974-2-0418-6 |language=es|pp=25-26}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
== Bibliography == |
== Bibliography == |
||
* {{cite book|title=Actas de las sesiones del Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado |trans-title=Sessions' proceedings from the South American Congress of Private International Law|volume=|date=1889 |publisher=Imprenta de Juan A. Alsina |isbn=|page=|oclc= |url=http://www.bibliotecadigital.gob.ar/files/original/13/848/edicion-oficial_actas-sesiones-congreso-sudamericano-derecho-internacional-privado_1889.1.pdf|ref=Actas}} |
* {{cite book|title=Actas de las sesiones del Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado |trans-title=Sessions' proceedings from the South American Congress of Private International Law|volume=|date=1889 |publisher=Imprenta de Juan A. Alsina |isbn=|page=|oclc= |url=http://www.bibliotecadigital.gob.ar/files/original/13/848/edicion-oficial_actas-sesiones-congreso-sudamericano-derecho-internacional-privado_1889.1.pdf|ref=Actas|language=es}} |
||
* {{cite book|last=Ramírez|first=Gonzalo|authorlink=Gonzalo Ramírez|title=Proyecto de Código de Derecho Internacional Privado y su comentario|language=es|volume=|edition=|date=1888|location=[[Buenos Aires]]|publisher=Félix Lajouane, Ed.|isbn=|pp=|oclc=934160826}} |
* {{cite book|last=Ramírez|first=Gonzalo|authorlink=Gonzalo Ramírez|title=Proyecto de Código de Derecho Internacional Privado y su comentario|language=es|volume=|edition=|date=1888|location=[[Buenos Aires]]|publisher=Félix Lajouane, Ed.|isbn=|pp=|oclc=934160826}} |
||
* {{cite book|last=Fresnedo de Aguirre|first=Cecilia|title=Curso de Derecho Internacional Privado|volume=Tomo I: Parte General|edition=2nd|language=es|date=April 2004|location=Montevideo|publisher=Fundación de Cultura Universitaria|isbn=978-9974-2-0391-0|pp=127-133, 146-148|oclc=56034181|ignore-isbn-error=true}} |
* {{cite book|last=Fresnedo de Aguirre|first=Cecilia|title=Curso de Derecho Internacional Privado|volume=Tomo I: Parte General|edition=2nd|language=es|date=April 2004|location=Montevideo|publisher=Fundación de Cultura Universitaria|isbn=978-9974-2-0391-0|pp=127-133, 146-148|oclc=56034181|ignore-isbn-error=true}} |
||
Revision as of 22:36, 17 February 2019
 | This article or section is in a state of significant expansion or restructuring. You are welcome to assist in its construction by editing it as well. If this article or section has not been edited in several days, please remove this template. If you are the editor who added this template and you are actively editing, please be sure to replace this template with {{in use}} during the active editing session. Click on the link for template parameters to use.
This article was last edited by ZrbtWm (talk | contribs) 5 years ago. (Update timer) |
The First South American Congress of Private International Law was an international congress on private international law (or conflict of laws) and an ad-hoc codifier forum of international conflict of laws treaties held in Montevideo from 25 August 1888 to 18 February 1889,[1][2] in which eight treaties and an additional protocol were passed that covered practically all the subjects of conflicts of laws of that time.[3] These were one of the first treaties on conflict of laws to come into force in the world.
Invitation
On 14 February 1888 the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Argentina, Norberto Quirno Costa, and the Minister Plenipotentiary of Uruguay to Argentina, Gonzalo Ramírez, met in Buenos Aires in order to convene a congress of South American countries with the purpose of standardizing and unifying through a treaty the subjects related to private international law. The Congress on Private International Law would be organized by the governments of Argentina and Uruguay the next 25 August in Montevideo.[1][2]
On 10 March 1888, Quirno Costa sent separated but simultaneous invitations to the governments of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela.[1]
Governments of Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Peru accepted to the invitation.[1] Government of Colombia declined the invitation because it was necessary to review the current legislation due to the recent reform of the Colombian Constitution, task that prevented it from attending the Congress since it would not be done before the beginning of the Congress. In the case of Ecuador, it declined the invitation because they were in the middle of elections, so there would be an imminent change of government functionaries, and the new functionaries should be the ones who select and sent representatives. Venezuelan government declined the invitation because "the narrow time" since they received it to the date of beginning of the Congress, and due to the distance their plenipotentiary would have to travel would make it impossible to attend.[1]
Congress
Attendants
Attended to the Congress Roque Sáenz Peña and Manuel Quintana as representatives of the Republic of Argentina, Santiago Vaca Guzmán as the representative of the Republic of Bolivia, Domingos de Andrade Figueira as the representative of the Empire of Brazil, Guillermo Matta and Belisario Prats as the representatives of the Republic of Chile, Benjamín Aceval and José Zacarías Caminos as the representatives of the Republic of Paraguay, Cesáreo Chacaltana and Manuel María Gálvez as the representatives of the Republic of Peru, and Ildefonso García Lagos and Gonzalo Ramírez as the representatives of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay.[3][4]
In few of the first sessions attended as temporary representatives of Brazil the Baron of Alencar and Juan Duarte Da Ponte Ribeiro. The appointed Minister Plenipotentiary Domingos de Andrade Figueira joined in the 15th session of 10 December due to the successive extensions of the works of the Brazilian parliament.
Opening session
The opening session took place in 25 August of 1888. Ildefonso García Lagos said in his opening speech that with the advance of the legal sciences it is already possible to create fixed rules that are able to resolve the conflicts caused by the application of its laws when dealing with private relations, without detriment to the sovereignty of nations.[5]
He also added that the frequency and ease with international transactions occurs and the multiplicity and importance of the commerce that link the South American countries each other and to the rest of the world required to materialize an international agreement for the solution of issues that affect those legal relations.[5]
Meanwhile, Norberto Quirno Costa mentioned that nationals and foreigners who join the country should not feel stranger to the system neither being harmed by the conflicts of laws in regard to their person, acts or properties, thus making civil relations easier. Also as the South American countries progress and their international relations increase, the links between people are narrower and the existencce of common rules is more necessary.[5]
However, in the 12th session of 1 December, on the ocassion of the discussion of the project on international criminal law treaty introduced at the 7th session of 10 October, Sáenz Peña said that they attended the Congress not to standardize laws as expressed in the letter of invitation to the Congress, because this would imply reviewing domestic laws of each country, which would mean violating the principle of the inviolability of the States, but they were there to discuss the applicable law and the competent jurisdiction in a case with international elements.[6]
He also said:[6]
Estudiamos, Señores, una ciencia de relacion, que nace precisamente de esa diversidad de las legislaciones, á diferencia del derecho interno, que tiene una vida incondicional, que tiene una existencia propia que vive en todos los casos y contra todas las hipótesis; si suprimimos, entre tanto, como lo quiere Bluntschli, las fronteras que separan á los pueblos, si los confundimos por un momento en una sola nacionalidad, el Derecho Internacional Privado, habría desaparecido con la última soberanía local, con la última ley territorial... |
Gentlemen, we study a science of relation, that is born precisely from that diversity of legislations, unlike the domestic law, that has an unconditional life, has its own existence that lives in all cases and against all the hypotheses; meanwhile, if we suppress, as Bluntschli wants, the borders that separate the peoples, if we merge them for a moment in a single nationality, the Private International Law would have disappeared with the last local sovereignty, with the last domestic law... |
Treaties
Treaty on International Civil Law
This treaty deals with various subjects: capacity of physical and juridical persons, domicile, absence, marriage, parental authority, filiation, guardianship, property, legal acts, inheritance, prescription and jurisdiction.
The connecting factor chosen by the treaty regarding capacity is the domicile.
Treaty on International Commercial Law
Treaty on International Procedural Law
Treaty on International Penal Law
Treaty on Literary and Artistic Property
Treaty on Commercial and Industrial Trademarks
Treaty on Letters Patent
Convention on the Exercise of Liberal Professions
The Convention on the Exercise of Liberal Professions rules that the holders of an academic degree obtained in a public education institution of a state party are allowed to automatically validate their degrees in another state party provided that the following requiremente are fulfilled: the exhibition of the degree duly legalized and prove that its owner is the one who is asking the validation. According to Quintin Alfonsin, this treaty deals with the validation of academic degrees for a profession in another state party but not with the practice of that profession itself, the latter being regulated by the domestic law instead.[7]
Additional Protocol to the Treaties on Private International Law
Signatories and ratifications
| Treaty | Argentina | Bolivia | Brazil | Chile | Colombia [t 1] | Ecuador [t 1] | Paraguay | Peru | Uruguay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treaty on International Civil Law of 1889 | Ratified | Ratified | No | No | Adhered | No | Ratified | Ratified | Ratified |
| Treaty on International Commercial Law of 1889 | Ratified | Ratified | Signed | Signed | Adhered | No | Ratified | Ratified | Ratified |
| Treaty on International Procedural Law of 1889 | Ratified | Ratified | Signed | Signed | Adhered | No | Ratified | Ratified | Ratified |
| Treaty on International Penal Law of 1889 | Ratified | Ratified | No | No | No | No | Ratified | Ratified | Ratified |
| Treaty on Literary and Artistic Property of 1889 [t 2] | Ratified | Ratified | Signed | Signed | No | No | Ratified | Ratified | Ratified |
| Treaty on Commercial and Industrial Trademarks of 1889 | Ratified | Ratified | Signed | Signed | No | No | Ratified | Ratified | Ratified |
| Treaty on Letters Patent of 1889 | Ratified | Ratified | Signed | Signed | No | No | Ratified | Ratified | Ratified |
| Convention on the Exercise of Liberal Professions of 1889 | Ratified | Ratified | Adhesion subject to later ratification |
No | Adhered | Adhered | Ratified | Ratified | Ratified |
| Additional Protocol to the Treaties on Private International Law of 1889 | Ratified | Ratified | No | No | No | No | Ratified | Ratified | Ratified |
- Notes
References
- ^ a b c d e Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado 1889, p. 7-18
- ^ a b Argúas, Margarita (1973). "The Montevideo Treaties of 1889 and 1940 and their Influence on the Unification of Private International Law in South America". The Present State of International Law and Other Essays. Springer. pp. 345–360. ISBN 978-94-017-4497-3.
- ^ a b Silva Alonso, Ramón (2002). "La contratación internacional en América: del Congreso Sudamericano de DIP de 1889 a la V Conferenica Interamericana de Derecho Internacional Privado". In Kleinheisterkamp, Jan; Lorenzo Idiarte, Gonzalo A. (eds.). Avances del Derecho Internacional Privado en América Latina. Liber Amicorum Jürgen Samtleben (in Spanish). Fundación de Cultura Universitaria. pp. 25–26. ISBN 9974-2-0418-6.
- ^ Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado 1889, p. 19-20
- ^ a b c Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado 1889, p. 21-27
- ^ a b Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado 1889, p. 137-159
- ^ Alfonsín, Quintín (1961). Sistema de Derecho Civil Internacional. Curso de derecho privado internacional con especial referencia al derecho uruguayo y los tratados de Montevideo (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Montevideo: Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de la República. pp. 327–337. OCLC 21792271.
- ^ a b c d e Bowker, Richard Rogers (1912). Copyright, Its History and Its Law. The Riverside Press Cambridge. pp. 331, 425–428.
Bibliography
- Actas de las sesiones del Congreso Sud-Americano de Derecho Internacional Privado [Sessions' proceedings from the South American Congress of Private International Law] (PDF) (in Spanish). Imprenta de Juan A. Alsina. 1889.
- Ramírez, Gonzalo (1888). Proyecto de Código de Derecho Internacional Privado y su comentario (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Félix Lajouane, Ed. OCLC 934160826.
- Fresnedo de Aguirre, Cecilia (April 2004). Curso de Derecho Internacional Privado (in Spanish). Vol. Tomo I: Parte General (2nd ed.). Montevideo: Fundación de Cultura Universitaria. pp. 127–133, 146–148. ISBN 978-9974-2-0391-0. OCLC 56034181.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: checksum (help); Unknown parameter|ignore-isbn-error=ignored (|isbn=suggested) (help)