Jump to content

Mola tecta: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m removed stub tag
Adding history section. add more information on all other sections,
Line 6: Line 6:
| image2 =Mola tecta compared to human.png
| image2 =Mola tecta compared to human.png
}}
}}
[[File:Mola tecta v Mola alexandrini.jpg|thumb|Mola tecta compare to Mola Alexandrini]]

'''''Mola tecta,''''' common name Hoodwinked sunfish and Japanese name Kakure Manbo(カクレマ ンボ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fishbase.se/ComNames/CommonNamesList.php?ID=68302&GenusName=Mola&SpeciesName=tecta&StockCode=59853|website=fish base|accessdate=24 March 2019}}</ref>, belongs to the family [[Molidae]] and Genus [[''Mola'']]. It is closely related to the more widely known [[ocean sunfish]] (''Mola mola''). Similar to the Japanese words “Kakure”, the Latin word “[[tecta]]” also means hidden. The word “ hidden” was adopted for the name because the fish has blended in among other species of sunfish for a long time and has only been discovered recently. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/about/press-and-media/press-releases/2017-news-and-media-releases/new-giant-ocean-sunfish-species|title=new giant sunfish species discovered|website=museum of new zealand te papa|accessdate=22 March 2019}}</ref>. Discovered on a beach near [[Christchurch]], New Zealand, in 2014, it was the first new species of sunfish to be identified in 130 years. ''Mola tecta'' are mostly discovered in the temperate region of Southern Hemisphere in the water near Australia, New Zealand Southern Chile and Southern Africa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/28/us/hoodwinker-sunfish-north-america-trnd/index.html|title=a huge, strange-looking fish washed up on a California beach. Scientist say it is a first|last1=Zdanowicz|first1=Christina|date=March4, 2019|accessdate=22 March 2019}}</ref> It was first described by Marianne Nyegaard, a marine scientist who studied ocean sunfish for her PhD.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news.ucsb.edu/2019/019361/hoodwinked|title=Hoodwinked|last1=Leachman|first1=Shelly|date=fubruary 27, 2019|accessdate=22 March 2019}}</ref>
'''''Mola tecta''''', the '''hoodwinker sunfish''', is a sunfish species in the genus ''[[Mola (fish)|Mola]]'' belonging to the family [[Molidae]] <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nyegaard |first1=M. |last2=Sawai |first2=E. |last3=Gemmell |first3=N. |last4=Gillum |first4=J. |last5=Loneragan |first5=N. R. |last6=Yamanoue |first6=Y. |last7=Stewart |first7=A. L. |display-authors=1 |title=Hiding in broad daylight: molecular and morphological data reveal a new ocean sunfish species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has eluded recognition |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=182 |issue=3 |pages=631–658 |date=2017 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx040}}</ref>. It is closely related to the more widely known [[ocean sunfish]] (''Mola mola''). Discovered on a beach near [[Christchurch]], New Zealand, in 2014, it was the first new species of sunfish to be identified in 130 years.<ref name="Williams">{{Cite news |url=http://www.newsweek.com/sunfish-new-zealand-new-species-hoodwinker-641194 |title=New and biggest species of sunfish found in New Zealand after 130 years of searching |last=Williams |first=Janice |date=24 July 2017 |work=Newsweek}}</ref>


==Description==
==Description==
The hoodwinker sunfish is a [[congener (biology)|congener]] of (in the same genus as) the more widely known [[ocean sunfish]], ''Mola mola''. Compared to other ''[[Mola (fish)|Mola]]'' species, ''Mola tecta'' is slimmer, has a sleeker adult body shape and lacks a protruding [[snout]] and lumps along the tail fin. It is larger than other sunfish species, reaching up to three meters in length and weighing up to {{convert|2|t|spell=in}}.<ref name="Williams" />
The hoodwinker sunfish is a [[congener (biology)|congener]] of (in the same genus as) the more widely known [[ocean sunfish]], ''Mola mola''. ''Mola tecta'', like other ''Mola'' species, has a flat, almost symmetrical oval shape. It has a smooth body shape, no bump and has a maximum length of 242cm (about 7.9 feet).<ref name="hiding">{{cite web|url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/182/3/631/3979130?redirectedFrom=fulltext|title=Hiding in broad daylight: molecular and morphological data reveal a new ocean sunfish species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has eluded recognition|last1=Nyegaard|first1=Marianne|website=oxford academic|publisher=The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|accessdate=23 March 2019}}</ref> It does not have spines in its fins nor real caudal fin (tail fin).<ref name="hiding" /> Its scales has evolved into small spines like other [[cartilaginous fish]], ''Mola tecta'' has [[counter shading]] which means that it has a darker color on the dorsal side than the ventral side.<ref name="hiding" /> Compared to other ''[[Mola (fish)|Mola]]'' species, ''Mola tecta'' is slimmer, has a sleeker adult body shape and lacks a protruding [[snout]] and lumps along the tail fin. It is larger than other sunfish species, reaching up to three meters in length and weighing up to {{convert|2|t|spell=in}}.<ref name="Williams">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/sunfish-new-zealand-new-species-hoodwinker-641194|title=New and biggest species of sunfish found in New Zealand after 130 years of searching|last=Williams|first=Janice|date=24 July 2017|work=Newsweek}}</ref> [[Parasites]] are found in all the dissected ''Mola tecta''.

== History ==
There are three [[species]] under the family Molidae: [[''Mola Mola'']], [[''Mola Alexandrini'']], and ''Mola tecta''.<ref name="three mola">{{cite web|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10228-017-0603-6|title=Redescription of the bump-head sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839), senior synonym of Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), with designation of a neotype for Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae)|last1=Sawai|first1=Etsuro|website=Springer Link|accessdate=23 March 2019}}</ref>
[[File:Mola_mola_géant_Bali.JPG|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mola_mola_g%C3%A9ant_Bali.JPG|thumb|Mola mola géant Bali]]
''Mola mola'' is the most common known ocean sunfish and was found in 1758 and ''Mola alexandrini'' (also called ''Mola ramsayi'') was found 81 years afterward.<ref name="three mola" /> In 1883, ''Mola alexandrini'' was found.<ref name="fish base">{{cite web|url=https://www.fishbase.se/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Mola|title=fish identification : find species|website=fish identification : find species|accessdate=22 March 2019}}</ref> In comparison to its two relatives, ''Mola tecta'' was found recently in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/sunfish-new-zealand-new-species-hoodwinker-641194|title=New and biggest species of sunfish found in New Zealand after 130 years of searching|last=EDT|first=Janice Williams On 7/24/17 at 3:44 PM|date=2017-07-24|website=Newsweek|language=en|access-date=2019-04-03}}</ref> Ten years before ''Mola Tecta'' was officially named in 2014, the Japanese researchers found out that there is a new ''Mola'' species based on the genetic information they obtained from the Australian water. However, they were not able to obtain more information about this new ''Mola'' species and they did not know exactly what does this ''Mola'' species looked like.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/about/press-and-media/press-releases/2017-news-and-media-releases/new-giant-ocean-sunfish-species|title=new giant sunfish species discovered|website=museum of new zealand te papa|accessdate=22 March 2019}}</ref> According to Nyegaard, the first person who described ''Mola tecta'', the ''Mola teca'' are hard to study because they are hard to find and their huge size makes them difficult to store. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/about/press-and-media/press-releases/2017-news-and-media-releases/new-giant-ocean-sunfish-species|title=new giant sunfish species discovered|website=museum of new zealand te papa|accessdate=22 March 2019}}</ref>


==Distribution==
==Distribution==
Discovered on a beach near [[Christchurch]], New Zealand, in 2014, the hoodwinker sunfish was the first new species of sunfish to be identified in 130 years.<ref name="Williams"/> It is thought to live primarily in the [[Southern Hemisphere]] and has been found in waters off New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and Chile.<ref name="Williams" /><ref name="Lang">{{cite news |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/07/hoodwinker-species-ocean-sunfish-spd/ |title=Massive Two-Ton Fish Species Discovered|last=Lang |first=Hannah |date=20 July 2017 |work=National Geographic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.buceandochile.cl/peces-de-chile-el-mola-tecta-o-pez-luna-timador/ |title=Peces de Chile: El Mola Tecta o Pez Luna Timador |first=Rodrigo |last=Sánchez |work=Buceando Chile |language=es}}</ref> There are, however, two recorded cases of it being found in the [[Northern Hemisphere]]: one (previously thought to be a ''Mola mola'') in [[Ameland]] in the Netherlands in 1889<ref name="Naturalis">{{cite web |url=https://science.naturalis.nl/en/about-us/news/collection/new-autumn-collection-naturalis-mola-tecta/ |title=New in the autumn collection of Naturalis: Mola tecta |publisher=Naturalis Biodiversity Center |location=Leiden, NL |accessdate=1 March 2019}}</ref> and a 7-foot (2.1m) specimen that washed up near [[Santa Barbara, California]] in 2019.<ref name="BBC California">{{cite news |title=Hoodwinker sunfish: Rare fish washes up on California beach |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47424072 |work=BBC News |date=2 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="AP Rare">{{Cite news |title=Rare sea creature washes ashore in Southern California |url=https://apnews.com/22d957c244e84bd3986832b7b8fc7e30 |agency=Associated Press |date=1 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/28/us/hoodwinker-sunfish-north-america-trnd/index.html |title=A huge, strange-looking fish washed up on a California beach. Scientists say it's a first |first=Christina |last=Zdanowicz |publisher=CNN |date=1 March 2019}}</ref>
Discovered on a beach near [[Christchurch]], New Zealand, in 2014, the hoodwinker sunfish was the first new species of sunfish to be identified in 130 years.<ref name="Williams"/> It is thought to live primarily in the [[Southern Hemisphere]] and has been found in waters off New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and Chile.<ref name="Williams" /><ref name="Lang">{{cite news |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/07/hoodwinker-species-ocean-sunfish-spd/ |title=Massive Two-Ton Fish Species Discovered|last=Lang |first=Hannah |date=20 July 2017 |work=National Geographic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.buceandochile.cl/peces-de-chile-el-mola-tecta-o-pez-luna-timador/ |title=Peces de Chile: El Mola Tecta o Pez Luna Timador |first=Rodrigo |last=Sánchez |work=Buceando Chile |language=es}}</ref> There are, however, two recorded cases of it being found in the [[Northern Hemisphere]]: one (previously thought to be a ''Mola mola'') in [[Ameland]] in the Netherlands in 1889<ref name="Naturalis">{{cite web |url=https://science.naturalis.nl/en/about-us/news/collection/new-autumn-collection-naturalis-mola-tecta/ |title=New in the autumn collection of Naturalis: Mola tecta |publisher=Naturalis Biodiversity Center |location=Leiden, NL |accessdate=1 March 2019}}</ref> and a 7-foot (2.1m) specimen that washed up near [[Santa Barbara, California]] in 2019.<ref name="BBC California">{{cite news |title=Hoodwinker sunfish: Rare fish washes up on California beach |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47424072 |work=BBC News |date=2 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="AP Rare">{{Cite news |title=Rare sea creature washes ashore in Southern California |url=https://apnews.com/22d957c244e84bd3986832b7b8fc7e30 |agency=Associated Press |date=1 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/28/us/hoodwinker-sunfish-north-america-trnd/index.html |title=A huge, strange-looking fish washed up on a California beach. Scientists say it's a first |first=Christina |last=Zdanowicz |publisher=CNN |date=1 March 2019}}</ref> ''Mola ramsayi'', the other ''Mola species'' has been found in the Southern Pacific. ''Mola mola'', in comparison, is the most widespread species and has been found in all the major ocean except for the polar area.<ref name="compare">{{cite web|url=https://www.fishbase.se/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Mola|website=fish base|accessdate=24 March 2019}}</ref>


==Diet==
==Diet==
Their diet consists of [[salps]] and [[nectonic siphonophore]] because these two organisms are found in the digestive tract of ''Mola tecta''.<ref name="hiding" />
This species [[predation|preys]] on [[salps]].<ref name="Newshub">{{cite news |website=Newshub |location=Auckland, NZ |url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/world/2017/07/new-giant-ocean-sunfish-species-discovered.html |title=New Giant Ocean Sunfish Species Discovered |date=20 July 2017}}</ref>

<br />


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 23:34, 3 April 2019

Mola tecta
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Tetraodontiformes
Family: Molidae
Genus: Mola
Species:
M. tecta
Binomial name
Mola tecta
Nyegaard et al., 2017
Mola tecta compare to Mola Alexandrini

Mola tecta, common name Hoodwinked sunfish and Japanese name Kakure Manbo(カクレマ ンボ)[1], belongs to the family Molidae and Genus ''Mola''. It is closely related to the more widely known ocean sunfish (Mola mola). Similar to the Japanese words “Kakure”, the Latin word “tecta” also means hidden. The word “ hidden” was adopted for the name because the fish has blended in among other species of sunfish for a long time and has only been discovered recently. [2]. Discovered on a beach near Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2014, it was the first new species of sunfish to be identified in 130 years. Mola tecta are mostly discovered in the temperate region of Southern Hemisphere in the water near Australia, New Zealand Southern Chile and Southern Africa.[3] It was first described by Marianne Nyegaard, a marine scientist who studied ocean sunfish for her PhD.[4]

Description

The hoodwinker sunfish is a congener of (in the same genus as) the more widely known ocean sunfish, Mola mola. Mola tecta, like other Mola species, has a flat, almost symmetrical oval shape. It has a smooth body shape, no bump and has a maximum length of 242cm (about 7.9 feet).[5] It does not have spines in its fins nor real caudal fin (tail fin).[5] Its scales has evolved into small spines like other cartilaginous fish, Mola tecta has counter shading which means that it has a darker color on the dorsal side than the ventral side.[5] Compared to other Mola species, Mola tecta is slimmer, has a sleeker adult body shape and lacks a protruding snout and lumps along the tail fin. It is larger than other sunfish species, reaching up to three meters in length and weighing up to two tonnes (2.0 long tons; 2.2 short tons).[6] Parasites are found in all the dissected Mola tecta.

History

There are three species under the family Molidae: ''Mola Mola'', ''Mola Alexandrini'', and Mola tecta.[7]

Mola mola géant Bali

Mola mola is the most common known ocean sunfish and was found in 1758 and Mola alexandrini (also called Mola ramsayi) was found 81 years afterward.[7] In 1883, Mola alexandrini was found.[8] In comparison to its two relatives, Mola tecta was found recently in 2014.[9] Ten years before Mola Tecta was officially named in 2014, the Japanese researchers found out that there is a new Mola species based on the genetic information they obtained from the Australian water. However, they were not able to obtain more information about this new Mola species and they did not know exactly what does this Mola species looked like.[10] According to Nyegaard, the first person who described Mola tecta, the Mola teca are hard to study because they are hard to find and their huge size makes them difficult to store. [11]

Distribution

Discovered on a beach near Christchurch, New Zealand, in 2014, the hoodwinker sunfish was the first new species of sunfish to be identified in 130 years.[6] It is thought to live primarily in the Southern Hemisphere and has been found in waters off New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, and Chile.[6][12][13] There are, however, two recorded cases of it being found in the Northern Hemisphere: one (previously thought to be a Mola mola) in Ameland in the Netherlands in 1889[14] and a 7-foot (2.1m) specimen that washed up near Santa Barbara, California in 2019.[15][16][17] Mola ramsayi, the other Mola species has been found in the Southern Pacific. Mola mola, in comparison, is the most widespread species and has been found in all the major ocean except for the polar area.[18]

Diet

Their diet consists of salps and nectonic siphonophore because these two organisms are found in the digestive tract of Mola tecta.[5]


References

  1. ^ fish base https://www.fishbase.se/ComNames/CommonNamesList.php?ID=68302&GenusName=Mola&SpeciesName=tecta&StockCode=59853. Retrieved 24 March 2019. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ^ "new giant sunfish species discovered". museum of new zealand te papa. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  3. ^ Zdanowicz, Christina (March4, 2019). "a huge, strange-looking fish washed up on a California beach. Scientist say it is a first". Retrieved 22 March 2019. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ Leachman, Shelly (fubruary 27, 2019). "Hoodwinked". Retrieved 22 March 2019. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ a b c d Nyegaard, Marianne. "Hiding in broad daylight: molecular and morphological data reveal a new ocean sunfish species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has eluded recognition". oxford academic. The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  6. ^ a b c Williams, Janice (24 July 2017). "New and biggest species of sunfish found in New Zealand after 130 years of searching". Newsweek.
  7. ^ a b Sawai, Etsuro. "Redescription of the bump-head sunfish Mola alexandrini (Ranzani 1839), senior synonym of Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883), with designation of a neotype for Mola mola (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae)". Springer Link. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  8. ^ "fish identification : find species". fish identification : find species. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  9. ^ EDT, Janice Williams On 7/24/17 at 3:44 PM (2017-07-24). "New and biggest species of sunfish found in New Zealand after 130 years of searching". Newsweek. Retrieved 2019-04-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ "new giant sunfish species discovered". museum of new zealand te papa. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  11. ^ "new giant sunfish species discovered". museum of new zealand te papa. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  12. ^ Lang, Hannah (20 July 2017). "Massive Two-Ton Fish Species Discovered". National Geographic.
  13. ^ Sánchez, Rodrigo. "Peces de Chile: El Mola Tecta o Pez Luna Timador". Buceando Chile (in Spanish).
  14. ^ "New in the autumn collection of Naturalis: Mola tecta". Leiden, NL: Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Retrieved 1 March 2019.
  15. ^ "Hoodwinker sunfish: Rare fish washes up on California beach". BBC News. 2 March 2019.
  16. ^ "Rare sea creature washes ashore in Southern California". Associated Press. 1 March 2019.
  17. ^ Zdanowicz, Christina (1 March 2019). "A huge, strange-looking fish washed up on a California beach. Scientists say it's a first". CNN.
  18. ^ fish base https://www.fishbase.se/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Mola. Retrieved 24 March 2019. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

Further reading

  • Nyegaard, M.; et al. (2017). "Hiding in broad daylight: molecular and morphological data reveal a new ocean sunfish species (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) that has eluded recognition". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 182 (3): 631–658. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx040.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mola_tecta&oldid=890853041"