Ralph Siegel (scientist)

Ralph Siegel
Born	1958
Died	2011
Known for	Behaving monkey neurophysiology, optical imaging
Scientific career
Institutions	Rutgers University

Dr. Ralph Mitchell Siegel, a researcher who studied the neurological underpinnings of vision, was a professor of neuroscience at Rutgers University, Newark, in the Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience. He died September 2, 2011 at his home following a long illness.

Siegel, a neurophysiologist, was interested in the basic mechanisms underlying visual motion and spatial perception, with the ultimate goal of developing applications to assist people who have visual processing disorders and neurological injuries. He performed pioneering work on parietal neurons and the influence of eye position and attention on perception. His laboratory became the first to perform optical imaging of parietal cortex in behaving non-human primates.

Biography

Siegel earned his B.S. in physics and his Ph.D. in physiology from McGill University in Montreal. After completing his graduate studies at McGill on theoretical neuroscience of spiking behaviour in neural dendrites, Ralph moved to the Salk Institute where he began to focus on in vivo, behavioral neurophysiology of monkeys. Ralph was at the forefront of experimental studies to understand the neurophysiology of cognitive processes in primates in the early 1980s. He was a co-discoverer of the gain-field mechanisms of neuronal population encoding, and employed precise psychophysical methods to understand visual motion perception at the level of neuronal activity.

In 1987 Ralph began a postdoctoral position in the laboratory of Nobel Prize winner, Torsten Wiesel, at Rockefeller University. While at Rockefeller, Ralph nurtured a latent interest in theoretical studies of cortical visual processing and the rapidly emerging field of optical imaging of cortex, through collaboration with a pioneering group led by Amiram Grinvald.

In 1991 Ralph moved to the newly established Rutgers Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience where he was on the faculty for the remainder of his career. He continued his pioneering neurophysiological and behavioral work on the organization and functions of visual cortex in the parietal lobe and continued to develop the use of optical microscopic techniques to monitor neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex. In collaboration with Ed Callaway (Salk) and Ehud Isacoff (UC Berkely) Ralph began to develop tools that enabled optical monitoring of activity from neurons in behaving animals.

In 2012 Siegel's first book and memoir, Another Day in the Monkey's Brain, was published, by Oxford University Press, with the help of his lifelong friend and colleague, Dr. Oliver Sacks.

Selected publications

• with R. A. Andersen and G. K. Essick: "Encoding of spatial location by posterior parietal neurons". Science. 230 (4724): 456–458. 25 Oct 1985. doi:10.1126/science.4048942.
• with R. A. Andersen and G. K. Essick: "Neurons of area 7 activated by both visual stimuli and oculomotor behavior". Experimental Brain Research. 67 (2): 316–322. July 1987. doi:10.1007/BF00248552.
• with R. A. Andersen: "Perception of three-dimensional structure from motion in monkey and man". Nature. 331: 259–261. 21 January 1988. doi:10.1038/331259a0.
• "Non-linear dynamical system theory and primary visual cortical processing". Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena. 42 (1–3): 385–395. June 1990. doi:10.1016/0167-2789(90)90090-C.
• with A. Grinvald, R. D. Frostig, and E Bartfeld: "High-resolution optical imaging of functional brain architecture in the awake monkey". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 88 (24): 11559–11563. 15 December 1991. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.24.11559.
• with Oliver Sacks: "Seeing is believing as brain reveals its adaptability". Nature. 441: 1048. 28 June 2006. doi:10.1038/4411048a.
• with Barbara Heider, Jason L. Nathanson, Ehud Y. Isacoff, and Edward M. Callaway: "Two-Photon Imaging of Calcium in Virally Transfected Striate Cortical Neurons of Behaving Monkey". PLOS ONE. 4 November 2010. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013829.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)