Human alphaherpesvirus 1: Difference between revisions
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'''''Human alphaherpesvirus 1''''' (HHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus ''[[Simplexvirus]]'', subfamily ''[[Alphaherpesvirinae]]'', family ''[[Herpesviridae]]'', and order ''[[Herpesvirales]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/8266|title=ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2|last=|first=|date=|website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref> |
'''''Human alphaherpesvirus 1''''' (HHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus ''[[Simplexvirus]]'', subfamily ''[[Alphaherpesvirinae]]'', family ''[[Herpesviridae]]'', and order ''[[Herpesvirales]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/8266|title=ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2|last=|first=|date=|website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=19 June 2019}}</ref> |
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== Evolution == |
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The ''Human alphaherpesvirus 1'' virus can be classified into six [[clade]]s.<ref name=Kolb2013>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kolb AW, Ané C, Brandt CR | year = 2013 | title = Using HSV-1 genome phylogenetics to track past human migrations | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 8 | issue = 10| page = e76267 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0076267 | pmid=24146849 | pmc=3797750| bibcode = 2013PLoSO...876267K }}</ref> Four of these occur in [[East Africa]], one in [[East Asia]] and one in [[Europe]] and [[North America]]. This suggests that the virus may have originated in East Africa. The [[most recent common ancestor]] of the Eurasian strains appears to have evolved ~60,000 years ago.<ref name=Bowden2006>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bowden R, Sakaoka H, Ward R, Donnelly P | year = 2006 | title = Patterns of Eurasian HSV-1 molecular diversity and inferences of human migrations | url = | journal = Infect Genet Evol | volume = 6 | issue = 1| pages = 63–74 | doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2005.01.004| pmid = 16376841 }}</ref> |
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== Clinical information == |
== Clinical information == |
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{{See also|Herpes simplex virus}} |
{{See also|Herpes simplex virus}} |
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''Human alphaherpesvirus 1'' infects humans, most often as [[Herpes labialis|cold sores]]. It is very common and contagious; about 67% of the world population under the age of 50 has ''Human alphaherpesvirus 1''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Herpes simplex virus |website=World Health Organization |date=31 January 2017 |url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs400/en/}}</ref> It is often acquired orally during childhood. It may also be sexually transmitted, including contact with saliva, such as [[kissing]] and mouth-to-genital contact ([[oral sex]]).<ref>{{cite web|title=EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT HERPES|url=http://medweb.mit.edu/wellness/programs/herpes.html|date=2017-12-11}}</ref> The virus tends to reside in the [[trigeminal ganglion|trigeminal ganglia]]. This species appears to be particularly damaging to the nervous system, and some research has attributed ''Human alphaherpesvirus 1'' infection to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The virus interacts with the components and receptors of [[lipoproteins]], which may lead to the development of Alzheimer's disease.<ref name=Dobson1999>{{cite journal |vauthors=Dobson CB, Itzhaki RF | title = Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Alzheimer's disease | journal = Neurobiol. Aging | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 457–65 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10604441 | doi = 10.1016/S0197-4580(99)00055-X | url = }}</ref> However, evidence for a relationship with Alzheimer’s disease is mixed.<ref name=Itzhaki1997>{{cite journal |vauthors=Itzhaki RF, Lin WR, Shang D, Wilcock GK, Faragher B, Jamieson GA | title = Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer's disease | journal = Lancet | volume = 349 | issue = 9047 | pages = 241–4 | date = January 1997 | pmid = 9014911 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10149-5 | url = }}</ref> In 2011 Manchester University scientists showed that treating infected cells with antiviral agents decreased the accumulation of [[Amyloid beta|β-amyloid]] and [[tau protein]], and also decreased replication of the virus.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Wozniak MA, Frost AL, Preston CM, Itzhaki RF | year = 2011 | title = Antivirals Reduce the Formation of Key Alzheimer's Disease Molecules in Cell Cultures Acutely Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 | journal = PLoS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 10| page = e25152 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0025152 | pmid=22003387 | pmc=3189195| bibcode = 2011PLoSO...625152W }}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 05:21, 31 August 2019
| Human alphaherpesvirus 1 | |
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| 3D computer reconstruction | |
Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Duplodnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Heunggongvirae |
| Phylum: | Peploviricota |
| Class: | Herviviricetes |
| Order: | Herpesvirales |
| Family: | Orthoherpesviridae |
| Genus: | Simplexvirus |
| Species: | Human alphaherpesvirus 1
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| Synonyms | |
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Herpes simplex virus | |
Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus Simplexvirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.[1]
Evolution
The Human alphaherpesvirus 1 virus can be classified into six clades.[2] Four of these occur in East Africa, one in East Asia and one in Europe and North America. This suggests that the virus may have originated in East Africa. The most recent common ancestor of the Eurasian strains appears to have evolved ~60,000 years ago.[3]
Clinical information
Human alphaherpesvirus 1 infects humans, most often as cold sores. It is very common and contagious; about 67% of the world population under the age of 50 has Human alphaherpesvirus 1.[4] It is often acquired orally during childhood. It may also be sexually transmitted, including contact with saliva, such as kissing and mouth-to-genital contact (oral sex).[5] The virus tends to reside in the trigeminal ganglia. This species appears to be particularly damaging to the nervous system, and some research has attributed Human alphaherpesvirus 1 infection to an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The virus interacts with the components and receptors of lipoproteins, which may lead to the development of Alzheimer's disease.[6] However, evidence for a relationship with Alzheimer’s disease is mixed.[7] In 2011 Manchester University scientists showed that treating infected cells with antiviral agents decreased the accumulation of β-amyloid and tau protein, and also decreased replication of the virus.[8]
References
- ^ "ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 19 June 2019.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Kolb AW, Ané C, Brandt CR (2013). "Using HSV-1 genome phylogenetics to track past human migrations". PLOS ONE. 8 (10): e76267. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...876267K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076267. PMC 3797750. PMID 24146849.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Bowden R, Sakaoka H, Ward R, Donnelly P (2006). "Patterns of Eurasian HSV-1 molecular diversity and inferences of human migrations". Infect Genet Evol. 6 (1): 63–74. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2005.01.004. PMID 16376841.
- ^ "Herpes simplex virus". World Health Organization. 31 January 2017.
- ^ "EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT HERPES". 2017-12-11.
- ^ Dobson CB, Itzhaki RF (1999). "Herpes simplex virus type 1 and Alzheimer's disease". Neurobiol. Aging. 20 (4): 457–65. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(99)00055-X. PMID 10604441.
- ^ Itzhaki RF, Lin WR, Shang D, Wilcock GK, Faragher B, Jamieson GA (January 1997). "Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer's disease". Lancet. 349 (9047): 241–4. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10149-5. PMID 9014911.
- ^ Wozniak MA, Frost AL, Preston CM, Itzhaki RF (2011). "Antivirals Reduce the Formation of Key Alzheimer's Disease Molecules in Cell Cultures Acutely Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1". PLoS ONE. 6 (10): e25152. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...625152W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025152. PMC 3189195. PMID 22003387.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
External links
Data related to Human alphaherpesvirus 1 at Wikispecies
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