North American Dryopteris hybrid complex: Difference between revisions

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Emilysessa (talk | contribs)
199 edits
Updated descriptive text, renamed headings to be more informative, added reticulogram figure, added a hybrid to the list of "other hybrids"
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{{DISPLAYTITLE: North American''Dryopteris'' hybrid complex}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE: North American''Dryopteris'' hybrid complex}}
[[File:North American Dryopteris reticulogram.svg|alt=North American Dryopteris reticulate complex|thumb|North American ''Dryopteris'' reticulate complex]]
[[Hybridization (biology)|Hybridization]] and [[polyploidy]] are common phenomena in [[Fern|ferns]], and the genus ''[[Dryopteris]]'' is known to be one of the most freely-hybridizing fern genera<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sessa|first=Emily B.|last2=Zhang|first2=Li-Bing|last3=Väre|first3=Henry|last4=Juslén|first4=Aino|date=2015-08-01|title=What We Do (and Don't) Know About Ferns: Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) as a Case Study|url=http://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0363-6445&volume=40&issue=2&spage=387|journal=Systematic Botany|language=en|volume=40|issue=2|pages=387–399|doi=10.1600/036364415X688844}}</ref>. [[North America|North American]] botanists recognized early on that there were close relationships between many of the species of ''[[Dryopteris]]'' on the continent, and that these relationships reflected hybrid ancestry<ref>{{Cite book|title=Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 2|last=Montgomery|first=J|last2=Wagner|first2=WH|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1993|isbn=|location=New York, New York|pages=}}</ref>. The complex includes five sexual [[Ploidy|diploid]] parents (one of which, "''D. semicristata"'', is hypothesized to be extinct<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sessa|first=Emily B|last2=Zimmer|first2=Elizabeth A|last3=Givnish|first3=Thomas J|date=2012|title=Unraveling reticulate evolution in North American Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)|url=http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-12-104|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|language=en|volume=12|issue=1|pages=104|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-12-104|issn=1471-2148|pmc=PMC3509404|pmid=22748145}}</ref>), six sexual tetraploids, and numerous sterile hybrids at various ploidal levels.


⚫
==Diploid species==
The fern genus ''[[Dryopteris]]'' is known to be one of the most freely-hybridizing of fern genera.

⚫
==Parent species==


⚫
*''[[Dryopteris intermedia]]''
*''[[Dryopteris expansa]]''
*''[[Dryopteris expansa]]''
*''[[Dryopteris goldieana]]''
*''[[Dryopteris goldieana]]''
⚫
*''[[Dryopteris intermedia]]''
*''[[Dryopteris ludoviciana]]''
*''[[Dryopteris ludoviciana]]''
*''[[Dryopteris marginalis]]''
*''[[Dryopteris marginalis]]''
*''Dryopteris "semicristata"''


==Hybrid species==
==Polyploid species==


*''[[Dryopteris carthusiana]]'' (''D. intermedia'' × unknown parent; [[allotetraploid]])
*''[[Dryopteris carthusiana]]'' (''D. intermedia'' × ''"D. semicristata"''; allotetraploid)
*''[[Dryopteris campyloptera]]'' (''D. intermedia'' × ''D. expansa''; allotetraploid)
*''[[Dryopteris campyloptera]]'' (''D. intermedia'' × ''D. expansa''; allotetraploid)
*''[[Dryopteris celsa]]'' (''D. goldieana'' × ''D. ludoviciana''; allotetraploid)
*''[[Dryopteris celsa]]'' (''D. goldieana'' × ''D. ludoviciana''; allotetraploid)
*''[[Dryopteris clintoniana]]'' (''D. cristata'' × ''D. goldieana''; [[allohexaploid]])
*''[[Dryopteris clintoniana]]'' (''D. cristata'' × ''D. goldieana''; allohexaploid)
*''[[Dryopteris cristata]]'' (''D. goldieana'' × unknown parent; allotetraploid)
*''[[Dryopteris cristata]]'' (''D. goldieana'' × ''"D. semicristata"''; allotetraploid)
*''[[Dryopteris filix-mas]]'' (progenitors unknown)


==Other hybrids==
==Other hybrids==
*''Dryopteris × australis (D. celsa × D. ludoviciana; [[triploid]])''
*''Dryopteris'' × ''bootii'' (''D. cristata'' × ''D. intermedia''; [[triploid]])
*''Dryopteris'' × ''bootii'' (''D. cristata'' × ''D. intermedia''; [[triploid]])
*''Dryopteris'' × ''critica'' (''D. borreri'' × ''D. filix-mas'')<ref name=murphy>{{cite book |last1=Murphy |first1=Rosaline J. |last2=Page |first2=Christopher N. |author2link=Christopher Nigel Page |last3=Parslow |first3=Rosemary E. |last4=Bennallick |first4=Ian J. |date=2012 |title=Ferns, Clubmosses, Quillworts and Horsetails of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly |location=Truro |publisher=ERCCIS |isbn=978-1-902864-07-5}}</ref>
*''Dryopteris'' × ''critica'' (''D. borreri'' × ''D. filix-mas'')<ref name=murphy>{{cite book |last1=Murphy |first1=Rosaline J. |last2=Page |first2=Christopher N. |author2link=Christopher Nigel Page |last3=Parslow |first3=Rosemary E. |last4=Bennallick |first4=Ian J. |date=2012 |title=Ferns, Clubmosses, Quillworts and Horsetails of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly |location=Truro |publisher=ERCCIS |isbn=978-1-902864-07-5}}</ref>

Revision as of 15:32, 5 September 2019

North American Dryopteris reticulate complex
North American Dryopteris reticulate complex

Hybridization and polyploidy are common phenomena in ferns, and the genus Dryopteris is known to be one of the most freely-hybridizing fern genera[1]. North American botanists recognized early on that there were close relationships between many of the species of Dryopteris on the continent, and that these relationships reflected hybrid ancestry[2]. The complex includes five sexual diploid parents (one of which, "D. semicristata", is hypothesized to be extinct[3]), six sexual tetraploids, and numerous sterile hybrids at various ploidal levels.

Diploid species

Polyploid species

Other hybrids

  • Dryopteris × australis (D. celsa × D. ludoviciana; triploid)
  • Dryopteris × bootii (D. cristata × D. intermedia; triploid)
  • Dryopteris × critica (D. borreri × D. filix-mas)[4]
  • Dryopteris × complexa aggregate (D. filix-mas and D. affinis; tetraploid)[4]
  • Dryopteris × convoluta (D. cambrensis × D. filix-mas)[4]
  • Dryopteris × deweveri (D. dilatata × D. carthusiana)[4]
  • Dryopteris × neo-wherryi (D. goldieana × D. marginalis; diploid)
  • Dryopteris × triploidea (D. carthusiana × D. intermedia; triploid)

References

  1. ^ Sessa, Emily B.; Zhang, Li-Bing; Väre, Henry; Juslén, Aino (2015-08-01). "What We Do (and Don't) Know About Ferns: Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) as a Case Study". Systematic Botany. 40 (2): 387–399. doi:10.1600/036364415X688844.
  2. ^ Montgomery, J; Wagner, WH (1993). Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol. 2. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.
  3. ^ Sessa, Emily B; Zimmer, Elizabeth A; Givnish, Thomas J (2012). "Unraveling reticulate evolution in North American Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (1): 104. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-104. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3509404. PMID 22748145.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ a b c d Murphy, Rosaline J.; Page, Christopher N.; Parslow, Rosemary E.; Bennallick, Ian J. (2012). Ferns, Clubmosses, Quillworts and Horsetails of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Truro: ERCCIS. ISBN 978-1-902864-07-5.
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