CD4+/CD8+ ratio: Difference between revisions
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The '''CD4+/CD8+ ratio''' is the ratio of [[T helper cell]]s (with the surface marker CD4) to [[cytotoxic T cell]]s (with the surface marker CD8). |
The '''CD4+/CD8+ ratio''' is the ratio of [[T helper cell]]s (with the surface marker CD4) to [[cytotoxic T cell]]s (with the surface marker CD8). |
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The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the peripheral blood of healthy adults and mice is about 2:1, and an altered ratio can indicate diseases relating to immunodeficiency or autoimmunity.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kuby Immunology|last=Owen|first=Judith|last2=Punt|first2=Jenni|last3=Stranford|first3=Sharon|publisher=W. H. Freeman and Company|year=2013|isbn=|location=New York|pages=40|quote=}}</ref> An inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio (namely, less than 1/1) indicates an impaired [[immune system]].<ref name="pmid29095912 ">{{cite journal | vauthors=McBride JA, Striker R | title=Imbalance in the game of T cells: What can the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio tell us about HIV and health? | journal=[[PLOS Pathogens]] | volume=13 | issue=11 | pages=e1006624 | year=2017 | url= https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006624 | doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006624 | pmc=5667733 | pmid=29095912 }}</ref> |
The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the peripheral blood of healthy adults and mice is about 2:1, and an altered ratio can indicate diseases relating to immunodeficiency or autoimmunity.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kuby Immunology|last=Owen|first=Judith|last2=Punt|first2=Jenni|last3=Stranford|first3=Sharon|publisher=W. H. Freeman and Company|year=2013|isbn=|location=New York|pages=40|quote=}}</ref> An inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio (namely, less than 1/1) indicates an impaired [[immune system]].<ref name="pmid29095912 ">{{cite journal | vauthors=McBride JA, Striker R | title=Imbalance in the game of T cells: What can the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio tell us about HIV and health? | journal=[[PLOS Pathogens]] | volume=13 | issue=11 | pages=e1006624 | year=2017 | url= https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1006624 | doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006624 | pmc=5667733 | pmid=29095912 }}</ref><ref name="pmid31608061 ">{{cite journal | vauthors=Aiello A, Farzaneh F, Candore G, Caruso C, Davinelli S, Gambino CM, Ligotti ME, Zareian N, Accardi G | title=Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention | journal=[[Frontiers Media#List of journals|FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY]] | volume=10 | pages=2247 | year=2019 | url= https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247/full| doi = 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247 | pmc=6773825 | pmid=31608061 }}</ref> |
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== Decreased ratio == |
== Decreased ratio == |
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Immunological aging is characterized by low proportions of [[Naive T cell|naive]] CD8+ cells and high numbers of [[Memory T cell|memory]] CD8+ cells, <ref name="pmid27023222">{{cite journal | author=Turner JE| title=Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime "dose" of exercise? | journal=[[Springer Publishing#Journals|BIOGERONTOLOGY]] | volume=17 | issue=3 | pages=581-602 | year=2016 | doi = 10.1007/s10522-016-9642-z | pmc=4889625 | pmid=27023222 }}</ref> particularly when [[Human betaherpesvirus 5|Cytomegalovirus]] is present.<ref name="pmid27023222" /> Exercise can reduce or reverse this effect, when not done at extreme intensity and duration.<ref name="pmid27023222" /> |
Immunological aging is characterized by low proportions of [[Naive T cell|naive]] CD8+ cells and high numbers of [[Memory T cell|memory]] CD8+ cells, <ref name="pmid27023222">{{cite journal | author=Turner JE| title=Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime "dose" of exercise? | journal=[[Springer Publishing#Journals|BIOGERONTOLOGY]] | volume=17 | issue=3 | pages=581-602 | year=2016 | doi = 10.1007/s10522-016-9642-z | pmc=4889625 | pmid=27023222 }}</ref> particularly when [[Human betaherpesvirus 5|Cytomegalovirus]] is present.<ref name="pmid27023222" /> Exercise can reduce or reverse this effect, when not done at extreme intensity and duration.<ref name="pmid27023222" /> |
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[[HIV]] infection leads to low levels of [[T helper cell|CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells]] (lowering the CD4+/CD8+ ratio) through a number of mechanisms, including killing of infected CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells by [[CD8 cytotoxic lymphocyte]]s that productively infected cells.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kumar|first=Vinay|title=Robbins Basic Pathology|year=2012|isbn=9781455737871|page=147|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jheBzf17C7YC&pg=PA147|edition=9th}}</ref> When CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cell numbers decline below a critical level, [[cell-mediated immunity]] is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to [[opportunistic infection]]s.<ref name="pmid29095912" /> |
[[HIV]] infection leads to low levels of [[T helper cell|CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells]] (lowering the CD4+/CD8+ ratio) through a number of mechanisms, including killing of infected CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells by [[CD8 cytotoxic lymphocyte]]s that productively infected cells.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kumar|first=Vinay|title=Robbins Basic Pathology|year=2012|isbn=9781455737871|page=147|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jheBzf17C7YC&pg=PA147|edition=9th}}</ref> When CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cell numbers decline below a critical level, [[cell-mediated immunity]] is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to [[opportunistic infection]]s.<ref name="pmid29095912" /><ref name="pmid31608061" /> |
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Patients with [[tuberculosis]] show a reduced CD4+/CD8+ ratio.<ref name="pmid25905052" /> |
Patients with [[tuberculosis]] show a reduced CD4+/CD8+ ratio.<ref name="pmid25905052" /> |
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Revision as of 19:33, 28 October 2019
The CD4+/CD8+ ratio is the ratio of T helper cells (with the surface marker CD4) to cytotoxic T cells (with the surface marker CD8).
The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the peripheral blood of healthy adults and mice is about 2:1, and an altered ratio can indicate diseases relating to immunodeficiency or autoimmunity.[1] An inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio (namely, less than 1/1) indicates an impaired immune system.[2][3]
Decreased ratio
A reduced CD4+/CD8+ ratio is associated with reduced resistance to infection.[4]
A declining CD4+/CD8+ ratio is associated with ageing, and is an indicator of immunosenescence.[5]
Immunological aging is characterized by low proportions of naive CD8+ cells and high numbers of memory CD8+ cells, [5] particularly when Cytomegalovirus is present.[5] Exercise can reduce or reverse this effect, when not done at extreme intensity and duration.[5]
HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+ T cells (lowering the CD4+/CD8+ ratio) through a number of mechanisms, including killing of infected CD4+ T cells by CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes that productively infected cells.[6] When CD4+ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.[2][3]
Patients with tuberculosis show a reduced CD4+/CD8+ ratio.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Owen, Judith; Punt, Jenni; Stranford, Sharon (2013). Kuby Immunology. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. p. 40.
- ^ a b McBride JA, Striker R (2017). "Imbalance in the game of T cells: What can the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio tell us about HIV and health?". PLOS Pathogens. 13 (11): e1006624. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006624. PMC 5667733. PMID 29095912.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Aiello A, Farzaneh F, Candore G, Caruso C, Davinelli S, Gambino CM, Ligotti ME, Zareian N, Accardi G (2019). "Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention". FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY. 10: 2247. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247. PMC 6773825. PMID 31608061.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Yin Y, Qin J, Dai Y, Zeng F, Pei H, Wang J (2015). "The CD4+/CD8+ Ratio in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Systematic and Meta-Analysis Article". Iranian Journal of Public Health. 44 (2): 185–193. PMC 4401876. PMID 25905052.
- ^ a b c d Turner JE (2016). "Is immunosenescence influenced by our lifetime "dose" of exercise?". BIOGERONTOLOGY. 17 (3): 581–602. doi:10.1007/s10522-016-9642-z. PMC 4889625. PMID 27023222.
- ^ Kumar, Vinay (2012). Robbins Basic Pathology (9th ed.). p. 147. ISBN 9781455737871.
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