Society of Gentleman Practisers in the Courts of Law and Equity: Difference between revisions
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== Background and founding == |
== Background and founding == |
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The Society of Gentleman Practisers in the Courts of Law and Equity was founded in either 1739 or 1740 by 28 elite London-based attorneys and solicitors.<ref name=banks>{{cite book |last1=Banks |first1=Stephen |title=A Polite Exchange of Bullets: The Duel and the English Gentleman, 1750-1850 |date=2010 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=9781843835714 |page=83 |url=https://books.google. |
The Society of Gentleman Practisers in the Courts of Law and Equity was founded in either 1739 or 1740 by 28 elite London-based attorneys and solicitors.<ref name=banks>{{cite book |last1=Banks |first1=Stephen |title=A Polite Exchange of Bullets: The Duel and the English Gentleman, 1750-1850 |date=2010 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=9781843835714 |page=83 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrX4BJMJEyUC |language=en}}</ref><ref name=boon>{{cite book |last1=Boon |first1=Andrew |title=The Ethics and Conduct of Lawyers in England and Wales |date=2014 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781782256090 |page=108 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H6nnCgAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> At this time (prior to the [[Judicature Acts]] of 1873-75) an attorney was a lawyer who practised in the [[common law]] courts of [[England and Wales]] whilst a solicitor practised in the [[Court of equity|courts of equity/chancery]]. Up until the 18th century the attorneys had held themselves superior to the solicitors but around the time of the formation of the society the two professions held equal standing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Solicitor |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Solicitor |website=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica |publisher=Wikisource |accessdate=3 October 2019}}</ref> The society seems to have been partly founded in response to the public's distrust of the professions, partly as an attempt to improve the social standing of its members and partly as a reaction to the [[Attorneys and Solicitors Act of 1728]].<ref name=elliott/> This act attempted to regulate the solicitors and attorneys (as well as ecclesiastical court [[proctor]]s) by instituting a compulsory 5-year [[Apprenticeship|articleship]] and the society supported this.<ref name=boon/> |
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The two professions represented by the society were inferior to that of the [[barrister]]s, who practised in the higher courts. Though the barristers had their ancient [[Inns of Court]], they were somewhat late in setting up organisations dedicated to maintaining professional standards - only reforming education following the [[Royal Commission on the Inns of Court|1854 Royal Commission]].<ref name=elliott>{{cite book |last1=Elliott |first1=Philip Ross Courtney |title=The Sociology of the Professions |date=1972 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |isbn=9781349007110 |page=40 |url=https://books.google. |
The two professions represented by the society were inferior to that of the [[barrister]]s, who practised in the higher courts. Though the barristers had their ancient [[Inns of Court]], they were somewhat late in setting up organisations dedicated to maintaining professional standards - only reforming education following the [[Royal Commission on the Inns of Court|1854 Royal Commission]].<ref name=elliott>{{cite book |last1=Elliott |first1=Philip Ross Courtney |title=The Sociology of the Professions |date=1972 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |isbn=9781349007110 |page=40 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IVNdDwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Role == |
== Role == |
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The society was a voluntary association and was the first professional law society in the United Kingdom.<ref name=elliott/><ref name=moore>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Christopher |title=The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario's Lawyers, 1797-1997 |date=1997 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=9780802041272 |page=343 |url=https://books.google. |
The society was a voluntary association and was the first professional law society in the United Kingdom.<ref name=elliott/><ref name=moore>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Christopher |title=The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario's Lawyers, 1797-1997 |date=1997 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=9780802041272 |page=343 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cayAcTWRqmsC |language=en}}</ref> It flourished in the century of its founding, and was occasionally consulted by [[members of parliament]] when drafting new bills.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lambert |first1=Sheila |title=Bills and Acts: Legislative Procedure in Eighteenth-Century England |date=1971 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521081191 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F4E9AAAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref name=elliott/> A branch of the society was established in Bristol, which was then considered [[Second city of the United Kingdom|England's second city]], in 1770.<ref name=banks/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Finch |first1=Jason |last2=Ameel |first2=Lieven |last3=Salmela |first3=Markku |title=Literary Second Cities |date=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319627199 |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1CpADwAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> |
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As part of its drive to maintain standards the society attempted to expose "unworthy" attorneys, though it often lacked the necessary resources to do so.<ref name=boon/> It attempted to standardise the training and qualifications of solicitors and attorneys and to close the social gap between them and the barristers.<ref name=elliott/> The society also sought to raise the fee payable to solicitors and attorneys. This had been fixed by custom since the 17th century and its real value had been reduced by inflation.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Solicitors' Journal and Weekly Reporter |date=1921 |publisher=Alexander and Shepheard, printers |page=46 |url=https://books.google. |
As part of its drive to maintain standards the society attempted to expose "unworthy" attorneys, though it often lacked the necessary resources to do so.<ref name=boon/> It attempted to standardise the training and qualifications of solicitors and attorneys and to close the social gap between them and the barristers.<ref name=elliott/> The society also sought to raise the fee payable to solicitors and attorneys. This had been fixed by custom since the 17th century and its real value had been reduced by inflation.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Solicitors' Journal and Weekly Reporter |date=1921 |publisher=Alexander and Shepheard, printers |page=46 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dwlRAQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref> |
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== Law society == |
== Law society == |
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The society was informally known as "the law society", however its relationship to the modern-day [[Law Society of England and Wales]] is unclear.<ref name=moore>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Christopher |title=The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario's Lawyers, 1797-1997 |date=1997 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=9780802041272 |page=343 |url=https://books.google. |
The society was informally known as "the law society", however its relationship to the modern-day [[Law Society of England and Wales]] is unclear.<ref name=moore>{{cite book |last1=Moore |first1=Christopher |title=The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario's Lawyers, 1797-1997 |date=1997 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=9780802041272 |page=343 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cayAcTWRqmsC |language=en}}</ref><ref name=elliott/> A ''[[New Law Journal|Law Journal]]'' article of 1924 and Professor Andrew Boon, writing in 2014, claim that the society developed into the Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors and others not being Barristers, practising in the Courts of Law and Equity in the United Kingdom, which itself developed into the Law Society of England and Wales.<ref name=boon/><ref>{{cite book |title=The Law Journal |date=1924 |publisher=E.B. Ince |page=612 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Nw5AQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref> However Philip Ross Courtney Elliott, writing in 1972, claims this is by no means certain.<ref name=elliott/> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 01:13, 3 November 2019
The Society of Gentleman Practisers in the Courts of Law and Equity was an 18th-century professional society for attorneys and solicitors in England and Wales. It was founded in 1739 or 1740 to improve the social standing of the professions and to implement professional standards. It was the first law society to be established in the United Kingdom, though its relationship to the modern-day Law Society of England and Wales is not certain.
Background and founding
The Society of Gentleman Practisers in the Courts of Law and Equity was founded in either 1739 or 1740 by 28 elite London-based attorneys and solicitors.[1][2] At this time (prior to the Judicature Acts of 1873-75) an attorney was a lawyer who practised in the common law courts of England and Wales whilst a solicitor practised in the courts of equity/chancery. Up until the 18th century the attorneys had held themselves superior to the solicitors but around the time of the formation of the society the two professions held equal standing.[3] The society seems to have been partly founded in response to the public's distrust of the professions, partly as an attempt to improve the social standing of its members and partly as a reaction to the Attorneys and Solicitors Act of 1728.[4] This act attempted to regulate the solicitors and attorneys (as well as ecclesiastical court proctors) by instituting a compulsory 5-year articleship and the society supported this.[2]
The two professions represented by the society were inferior to that of the barristers, who practised in the higher courts. Though the barristers had their ancient Inns of Court, they were somewhat late in setting up organisations dedicated to maintaining professional standards - only reforming education following the 1854 Royal Commission.[4]
Role
The society was a voluntary association and was the first professional law society in the United Kingdom.[4][5] It flourished in the century of its founding, and was occasionally consulted by members of parliament when drafting new bills.[6][4] A branch of the society was established in Bristol, which was then considered England's second city, in 1770.[1][7]
As part of its drive to maintain standards the society attempted to expose "unworthy" attorneys, though it often lacked the necessary resources to do so.[2] It attempted to standardise the training and qualifications of solicitors and attorneys and to close the social gap between them and the barristers.[4] The society also sought to raise the fee payable to solicitors and attorneys. This had been fixed by custom since the 17th century and its real value had been reduced by inflation.[8]
Law society
The society was informally known as "the law society", however its relationship to the modern-day Law Society of England and Wales is unclear.[5][4] A Law Journal article of 1924 and Professor Andrew Boon, writing in 2014, claim that the society developed into the Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors and others not being Barristers, practising in the Courts of Law and Equity in the United Kingdom, which itself developed into the Law Society of England and Wales.[2][9] However Philip Ross Courtney Elliott, writing in 1972, claims this is by no means certain.[4]
References
- ^ a b Banks, Stephen (2010). A Polite Exchange of Bullets: The Duel and the English Gentleman, 1750-1850. Boydell & Brewer. p. 83. ISBN 9781843835714.
- ^ a b c d Boon, Andrew (2014). The Ethics and Conduct of Lawyers in England and Wales. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 108. ISBN 9781782256090.
- ^ "Solicitor". 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. Wikisource. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g Elliott, Philip Ross Courtney (1972). The Sociology of the Professions. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 40. ISBN 9781349007110.
- ^ a b Moore, Christopher (1997). The Law Society of Upper Canada and Ontario's Lawyers, 1797-1997. University of Toronto Press. p. 343. ISBN 9780802041272.
- ^ Lambert, Sheila (1971). Bills and Acts: Legislative Procedure in Eighteenth-Century England. Cambridge University Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780521081191.
- ^ Finch, Jason; Ameel, Lieven; Salmela, Markku (2017). Literary Second Cities. Springer. p. 70. ISBN 9783319627199.
- ^ The Solicitors' Journal and Weekly Reporter. Alexander and Shepheard, printers. 1921. p. 46.
- ^ The Law Journal. E.B. Ince. 1924. p. 612.