Melanocytoma: Difference between revisions
New |
(No difference)
|
Revision as of 20:28, 20 December 2019
A melanocytoma is a rare pigmented tumor that has been described as a variant of the melanocytic nevus.[1] It is most commonly seen on or adjacent to the optic nerve[2] but also on the leptomeninges of the brain or spine.[3][2][4] Meningeal melonocytomas are usually found in the area of the base of the brain and brain stem.[5]
While the melanocytoma is generally considered to be a benign tumor,[2] it has a potential for growth, recurrence, and transformation to a malignant melanoma.[6][7][4] A patient whose melanocytoma grew aggressively leading to a fatal outcome was described by Bydon et al.[8]
Histologically, the tumor is described by large, uniformly shaped polyhedral nevus cells that are pigmented and closely packed[6] Typically, it lacks signs of malignancy such as high mitotic rate, necroses or infiltrative growth.[3] Like the malignant melanoma, it shows an immunohistological profile with S-100 protein-, vimentin- and HMB-45-positive tumor cells.[3]
Management
Pigmented tumors raise the possibility of a malignant melanoma, a condition that may present diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas.[9] In the differential diagnosis, schwannoma and meningioma with pigmentation are to be considered as well.[4] Because malignant transformation is rare, optical melanocytomas can usually be observed.[1] Besides fundoscopy, ocular ultrasound may be helpful.[9][10] Regarding meningeal melanocytomas, a review by Rades et al concludes that complete resection is the best treatment.[11] If resection is incomplete, postoperative radiotherapy should be applied.
See also
- Optic nerve tumor
- Dermal melanocytoma
- Melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential
References
- ^ a b Shields, Jerry A.; Demirci, Hakan; Mashayekhi, Arman; Eagle, Ralph C.; Shields, Carol L. (2006). "Melanocytoma of the Optic Disk: A Review". Survey of Ophthalmology. 51 (2): 93–104. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.12.011. ISSN 0039-6257.
- ^ a b c Reidy, James J.; Apple, David J.; Steinmetz, Robert L.; Craythorn, Judy M.; Loftfield, Katherine; Gieser, Stephen C.; Brady, Steven E. (1985). "Melanocytoma: Nomenclature, pathogenesis, natural history and treatment". Survey of Ophthalmology. 29 (5): 319–327. doi:10.1016/0039-6257(85)90107-9. ISSN 0039-6257.
- ^ a b c Schindler CU, Kuchelmeister K, Richter HP, Schachenmayr W (1998). "Das meningeale Melanozytom". Pathologe. 19 (4): 325–9. PMID 9746920.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c F. Wang u. a.: Malignant transformation of spinal meningeal melanocytoma. Case report and review of the literature. In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 6, 2007, S. 451–454. PMID 17542513 (Review)
- ^ Sethi, Divya; Duhan, Amrita; Sen, Rajeev; Goyal, Vandana; Modi, Shilpi (2011). "Spinal meningeal melanocytoma". Asian Journal of Neurosurgery. 6 (2): 111. doi:10.4103/1793-5482.92176. ISSN 1793-5482.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Mohmad, Zalilawati; Aik Kah, Tan; Chui Yong, Ku; Wan Abdul Halim, Wan Haslina; Kong Yong, Then (2011). "Melanocytoma of the optic nerve head - a diagnostic dilemma". Clinics and Practice. 1 (3): 60. doi:10.4081/cp.2011.e60. ISSN 2039-7283.
- ^ P. M. Sharma u. a.: Malignant transformation of optic disc melanocytoma? A clinical dilemma at presentation with a review of the literature. In: Ophthalmologica 216, 2002, S. 292–295. PMID 12207136 (Review).
- ^ Bydon, Ali; Gutierrez, Jorge A.; Mahmood, Asim (2003). "Meningeal Melanocytoma: An Aggressive Course for a Benign Tumor". Journal of Neuro-Oncology. 64 (3): 259–263. doi:10.1023/A:1025628802228. ISSN 0167-594X.
- ^ a b Timothy Murray, Timothy G. (2010). "Clinical imaging and high-resolution ultrasonography in melanocytoma management". Clinical Ophthalmology: 855. doi:10.2147/OPTH.S11891. ISSN 1177-5483.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Lisker-Cervantes, Andrés; Ancona-Lezama, David Arturo; Arroyo-Garza, Luis Javier; Martinez, Jaime D.; Barreiro, Roberta Gomez Diaz; Valdepeña-López-Velarde, Victor Daniel; Morales-Canton, Virgilio; Moragrega-Adame, Eduardo (2017). "Ocular ultrasound findings in optic disk melanocytoma". Revista Mexicana de Oftalmología. 91 (6): 316–320. doi:10.1016/j.mexoft.2017.03.003. ISSN 0187-4519.
- ^ Rades, Dirk; Heidenreich, Fedor; Tatagiba, Marcos; Brandis, Almuth; Karstens, Johann Hinrich (2001). "Therapeutic options for meningeal melanocytoma". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine. 95 (2): 225–231. doi:10.3171/spi.2001.95.2.0225. ISSN 1547-5654.