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The '''sylvatic cycle''', also '''[[enzootic]]''' or '''sylvatic transmission cycle''', is a portion of the natural transmission cycle of a [[pathogen]]. [[Sylvatic]] refers to the occurrence of a subject in or affecting wild animals. The sylvatic cycle is the fraction of the pathogen population's lifespan spent cycling between [[wild animal]]s and [[Vector (epidemiology)|vectors]]. Humans are usually an incidental or dead-end host, infected by a vector. This is opposed to a "domestic" or "urban" cycle, in which the pathogen cycles between vectors and non-wild, urban, or domestic animals; humans may have differing infection rates from these cycles due to transmission efficiencies and environmental exposure levels.<ref name="Trypanosoma"/><ref name="Plague"/> |
The '''sylvatic cycle''', also '''[[enzootic]]''' or '''sylvatic transmission cycle''', is a portion of the natural transmission cycle of a [[pathogen]]. [[Sylvatic]] refers to the occurrence of a subject in or affecting wild animals. The sylvatic cycle is the fraction of the pathogen population's lifespan spent cycling between [[wild animal]]s and [[Vector (epidemiology)|vectors]]. Humans are usually an incidental or dead-end host, infected by a vector. This is opposed to a "domestic" or "urban" cycle, in which the pathogen cycles between vectors and non-wild, urban, or domestic animals; humans may have differing infection rates from these cycles due to transmission efficiencies and environmental exposure levels.<ref name="Trypanosoma"/><ref name="Plague"/> |
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Examples of pathogens that contain a sylvatic cycle include [[trichinosis]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmitt N, Saville JM, Greenway JA, Stovell PL, Friis L, Hole L |title=Sylvatic trichinosis in British Columbia: potential threat to human health from an independent cycle |journal=Public Health Rep |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=189–93 |year=1978 |pmid=635095 |doi= |pmc=1431877}}</ref> [[dengue virus]]es,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vasilakis N |title=Evolutionary processes among sylvatic dengue type 2 viruses |journal=J. Virol. |volume=81 |issue=17 |pages=9591–5 |year=2007 |pmid=17553878 |doi=10.1128/JVI.02776-06 |pmc=1951459 |name-list-format=vanc|author2=Holmes EC |author3=Fokam EB |display-authors=3 |last4=Faye |first4=O. |last5=Diallo |first5=M. |last6=Sall |first6=A. A. |last7=Weaver |first7=S. C.}}</ref> ''[[Yersinia pestis]]'',<ref name="Plague">[http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/website/lectures/lecture/plague.htm Plague: Yersinia pestis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113020111/http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/website/lectures/lecture/plague.htm |date=2008-01-13 }}</ref> [[Chagas disease]],<ref name="Trypanosoma">{{cite journal |author=Fernandes O |title=The complexity of the sylvatic cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) revealed by the non-transcribed spacer of the mini-exon gene |journal=Parasitology |volume=118 |issue= 2|pages=161–6 |year=1999 |pmid=10028530 |doi= 10.1017/s0031182098003709|name-list-format=vanc|author2=Mangia RH |author3=Lisboa CV |display-authors=3 |last4=Pinho |first4=AP |last5=Morel |first5=CM |last6=Zingales |first6=B |last7=Campbell |first7=DA |last8=Jansen |first8=AM}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dbbm.fiocruz.br/tropical/chagas/chapter4.html Epidemiology of Chagas disease]</ref> and [[rabies]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google. |
Examples of pathogens that contain a sylvatic cycle include [[trichinosis]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmitt N, Saville JM, Greenway JA, Stovell PL, Friis L, Hole L |title=Sylvatic trichinosis in British Columbia: potential threat to human health from an independent cycle |journal=Public Health Rep |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=189–93 |year=1978 |pmid=635095 |doi= |pmc=1431877}}</ref> [[dengue virus]]es,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vasilakis N |title=Evolutionary processes among sylvatic dengue type 2 viruses |journal=J. Virol. |volume=81 |issue=17 |pages=9591–5 |year=2007 |pmid=17553878 |doi=10.1128/JVI.02776-06 |pmc=1951459 |name-list-format=vanc|author2=Holmes EC |author3=Fokam EB |display-authors=3 |last4=Faye |first4=O. |last5=Diallo |first5=M. |last6=Sall |first6=A. A. |last7=Weaver |first7=S. C.}}</ref> ''[[Yersinia pestis]]'',<ref name="Plague">[http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/website/lectures/lecture/plague.htm Plague: Yersinia pestis] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113020111/http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/website/lectures/lecture/plague.htm |date=2008-01-13 }}</ref> [[Chagas disease]],<ref name="Trypanosoma">{{cite journal |author=Fernandes O |title=The complexity of the sylvatic cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) revealed by the non-transcribed spacer of the mini-exon gene |journal=Parasitology |volume=118 |issue= 2|pages=161–6 |year=1999 |pmid=10028530 |doi= 10.1017/s0031182098003709|name-list-format=vanc|author2=Mangia RH |author3=Lisboa CV |display-authors=3 |last4=Pinho |first4=AP |last5=Morel |first5=CM |last6=Zingales |first6=B |last7=Campbell |first7=DA |last8=Jansen |first8=AM}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dbbm.fiocruz.br/tropical/chagas/chapter4.html Epidemiology of Chagas disease]</ref> and [[rabies]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JAnABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |page=15 |title=Rabies in Man and Animals |author=Sudhi Ranjan Garg |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |year=2013|isbn=9788132216056 }}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 18:21, 20 September 2020
The sylvatic cycle, also enzootic or sylvatic transmission cycle, is a portion of the natural transmission cycle of a pathogen. Sylvatic refers to the occurrence of a subject in or affecting wild animals. The sylvatic cycle is the fraction of the pathogen population's lifespan spent cycling between wild animals and vectors. Humans are usually an incidental or dead-end host, infected by a vector. This is opposed to a "domestic" or "urban" cycle, in which the pathogen cycles between vectors and non-wild, urban, or domestic animals; humans may have differing infection rates from these cycles due to transmission efficiencies and environmental exposure levels.[1][2]
Examples of pathogens that contain a sylvatic cycle include trichinosis,[3] dengue viruses,[4] Yersinia pestis,[2] Chagas disease,[1][5] and rabies.[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b Fernandes O; Mangia RH; Lisboa CV; et al. (1999). "The complexity of the sylvatic cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in Rio de Janeiro state (Brazil) revealed by the non-transcribed spacer of the mini-exon gene". Parasitology. 118 (2): 161–6. doi:10.1017/s0031182098003709. PMID 10028530.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Plague: Yersinia pestis Archived 2008-01-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Schmitt N, Saville JM, Greenway JA, Stovell PL, Friis L, Hole L (1978). "Sylvatic trichinosis in British Columbia: potential threat to human health from an independent cycle". Public Health Rep. 93 (2): 189–93. PMC 1431877. PMID 635095.
- ^ Vasilakis N; Holmes EC; Fokam EB; et al. (2007). "Evolutionary processes among sylvatic dengue type 2 viruses". J. Virol. 81 (17): 9591–5. doi:10.1128/JVI.02776-06. PMC 1951459. PMID 17553878.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Epidemiology of Chagas disease
- ^ Sudhi Ranjan Garg (2013). Rabies in Man and Animals. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 15. ISBN 9788132216056.
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