1989–1990 flu epidemic in the United Kingdom: Difference between revisions
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The '''1989–90 flu epidemic in the United Kingdom''' was an [[flu epidemic|influenza epidemic]] of [[Influenza A virus subtype H3N2|A(H3N2)]] type flu that occurred during the winter of 1989–90.<ref>https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000276/p0000276.asp</ref> Although the outbreak was quite prolific in the United Kingdom, cases were reported in other parts of Europe and further afield, including France, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the Soviet Union. At its peak the epidemic saw an infection rate of between 538 and 600 people per 1,000, while between 19,000 and 26,000 deaths have been attributed to the outbreak. |
The '''1989–90 flu epidemic in the United Kingdom''' was an [[flu epidemic|influenza epidemic]] of [[Influenza A virus subtype H3N2|A(H3N2)]] type flu that occurred during the winter of 1989–90.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000276/p0000276.asp|title=Update: Influenza Activity -- 1990-91 Influenza Season|website=wonder.cdc.gov|accessdate=Nov 5, 2020}}</ref> Although the outbreak was quite prolific in the United Kingdom, cases were reported in other parts of Europe and further afield, including France, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the Soviet Union. At its peak the epidemic saw an infection rate of between 538 and 600 people per 1,000, while between 19,000 and 26,000 deaths have been attributed to the outbreak. |
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A study published in the December 1990 issue of the ''[[British Journal of General Practice]]'' notes that the outbreak was first recorded as an epidemic in mid-November 1989, with cases peaking in the UK in the week beginning 6 December. During the period from 15 November until the end of that year, the number of people reporting respiratory illnesses was roughly double the usual figure for that time of year, though not as high as some previous flu outbreaks. ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that the outbreak was the worst to occur in Britain since the winter of 1975–76, and was similar to that winter's strain of flu, which killed 1,283 people. By 24 December the flu virus had infected more than a million people in the UK, and hospitals were cancelling surgery. Government statistics for the UK reported 102 deaths for the first week of December, an increase from seven on the same time the previous year.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/24/world/british-flu-epidemic-claims-lives-and-is-forcing-delays-in-surgery.html</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1371445/</ref> In Scotland, 2,400 deaths were reported in the seven days preceding Christmas Eve, an increase of 1,092 on the five year rolling average.<ref>https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/coronavirus-in-scotland-more-died-in-1989-flu-epidemic-than-coronavirus-peak-wnk8p0fs6</ref> |
A study published in the December 1990 issue of the ''[[British Journal of General Practice]]'' notes that the outbreak was first recorded as an epidemic in mid-November 1989, with cases peaking in the UK in the week beginning 6 December. During the period from 15 November until the end of that year, the number of people reporting respiratory illnesses was roughly double the usual figure for that time of year, though not as high as some previous flu outbreaks. ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that the outbreak was the worst to occur in Britain since the winter of 1975–76, and was similar to that winter's strain of flu, which killed 1,283 people. By 24 December the flu virus had infected more than a million people in the UK, and hospitals were cancelling surgery. Government statistics for the UK reported 102 deaths for the first week of December, an increase from seven on the same time the previous year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/24/world/british-flu-epidemic-claims-lives-and-is-forcing-delays-in-surgery.html|title=British Flu Epidemic Claims Lives And Is Forcing Delays in Surgery (Published 1989)|first1=Sheila|last1=Rule|first2=Special To the New York|last2=Times|date=Dec 24, 1989|accessdate=Nov 5, 2020|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1371445/|title=Observations on the influenza epidemic of November/December 1989.|first1=D M|last1=Fleming|first2=D L|last2=Crombie|first3=C A|last3=Norbury|first4=K W|last4=Cross|date=Dec 5, 1990|journal=The British Journal of General Practice|volume=40|issue=341|pages=495–497|accessdate=Nov 5, 2020|via=PubMed Central|pmid=2282227|pmc=1371445}}</ref> In Scotland, 2,400 deaths were reported in the seven days preceding Christmas Eve, an increase of 1,092 on the five year rolling average.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/coronavirus-in-scotland-more-died-in-1989-flu-epidemic-than-coronavirus-peak-wnk8p0fs6|title=Coronavirus in Scotland: More died in 1989 flu epidemic than coronavirus peak|first=Mark|last=McLaughlin|accessdate=Nov 5, 2020|via=www.thetimes.co.uk}}</ref> |
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An article in ''[[The Independent]]'' newspaper from November 1993 reported that between 19,000 and 25,000 deaths were attributed to the 1989–90 outbreak,<ref> |
An article in ''[[The Independent]]'' newspaper from November 1993 reported that between 19,000 and 25,000 deaths were attributed to the 1989–90 outbreak,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/the-showboat-flu-is-starting-to-slow-down-1504194.html|title=The showboat flu is starting to slow down|date=Nov 14, 1993|website=The Independent|accessdate=Nov 5, 2020}}</ref> while later reports have suggested the figure to be as high as 26,000.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jan/10/qanda.infectiousdiseases#:~:text=In%20the%20last%20official%20epidemic,war%20that%20had%20just%20ended.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200203/ldselect/ldsctech/23-xii/3031102.htm|title=House of Lords - Science and Technology - Minutes of Evidence|website=publications.parliament.uk|accessdate=Nov 5, 2020}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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The 1989–90 flu epidemic in the United Kingdom was an influenza epidemic of A(H3N2) type flu that occurred during the winter of 1989–90.[1] Although the outbreak was quite prolific in the United Kingdom, cases were reported in other parts of Europe and further afield, including France, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the Soviet Union. At its peak the epidemic saw an infection rate of between 538 and 600 people per 1,000, while between 19,000 and 26,000 deaths have been attributed to the outbreak.
A study published in the December 1990 issue of the British Journal of General Practice notes that the outbreak was first recorded as an epidemic in mid-November 1989, with cases peaking in the UK in the week beginning 6 December. During the period from 15 November until the end of that year, the number of people reporting respiratory illnesses was roughly double the usual figure for that time of year, though not as high as some previous flu outbreaks. The New York Times reported that the outbreak was the worst to occur in Britain since the winter of 1975–76, and was similar to that winter's strain of flu, which killed 1,283 people. By 24 December the flu virus had infected more than a million people in the UK, and hospitals were cancelling surgery. Government statistics for the UK reported 102 deaths for the first week of December, an increase from seven on the same time the previous year.[2][3] In Scotland, 2,400 deaths were reported in the seven days preceding Christmas Eve, an increase of 1,092 on the five year rolling average.[4]
An article in The Independent newspaper from November 1993 reported that between 19,000 and 25,000 deaths were attributed to the 1989–90 outbreak,[5] while later reports have suggested the figure to be as high as 26,000.[6][7]
References
- ^ "Update: Influenza Activity -- 1990-91 Influenza Season". wonder.cdc.gov. Retrieved Nov 5, 2020.
- ^ Rule, Sheila; Times, Special To the New York (Dec 24, 1989). "British Flu Epidemic Claims Lives And Is Forcing Delays in Surgery (Published 1989)". Retrieved Nov 5, 2020 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ Fleming, D M; Crombie, D L; Norbury, C A; Cross, K W (Dec 5, 1990). "Observations on the influenza epidemic of November/December 1989". The British Journal of General Practice. 40 (341): 495–497. PMC 1371445. PMID 2282227. Retrieved Nov 5, 2020 – via PubMed Central.
- ^ McLaughlin, Mark. "Coronavirus in Scotland: More died in 1989 flu epidemic than coronavirus peak". Retrieved Nov 5, 2020 – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
- ^ "The showboat flu is starting to slow down". The Independent. Nov 14, 1993. Retrieved Nov 5, 2020.
- ^ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jan/10/qanda.infectiousdiseases#:~:text=In%20the%20last%20official%20epidemic,war%20that%20had%20just%20ended.
- ^ "House of Lords - Science and Technology - Minutes of Evidence". publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved Nov 5, 2020.