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formerly in Amazilia, monospecific genus
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[[File:TAN 0096 - Andean Emerald.jpg|thumb|Andean Emerald in the [[Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve]], Ecuador]]
[[File:TAN 0096 - Andean Emerald.jpg|thumb|Andean Emerald in the [[Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve]], Ecuador]]
The '''Andean emerald''' (''Uranomitra franciae'') is a species of [[hummingbird]] found at forest edge, woodland, gardens and scrub in the [[Andes]] of [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]] and northern [[Peru]]. It is generally fairly common. It is green above and white below. Some [[subspecies]] have a blue crown. They are generally solitary but will be present with other hummingbirds at flowering trees (known as feeding assemblies).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/andeme1/overview|title=Andean Emerald - Introduction {{!}} Neotropical Birds Online|website=neotropical.birds.cornell.edu|access-date=2019-05-24}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hbw.com/species/andean-emerald-amazilia-franciae|title=Andean Emerald (Amazilia franciae)|website=www.hbw.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-24}}</ref>
The '''Andean emerald''' (''Uranomitra franciae'') is a species of [[hummingbird]]. It is the only species placed in the genus '''''Uranomitra'''''. It is found at forest edge, woodland, gardens and scrub in the [[Andes]] of [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]] and northern [[Peru]]. It is generally fairly common. It is green above and white below. Some [[subspecies]] have a blue crown. They are generally solitary but will be present with other hummingbirds at flowering trees (known as feeding assemblies).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/andeme1/overview|title=Andean Emerald - Introduction {{!}} Neotropical Birds Online|website=neotropical.birds.cornell.edu|access-date=2019-05-24}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.hbw.com/species/andean-emerald-amazilia-franciae|title=Andean Emerald (Amazilia franciae)|website=www.hbw.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-24}}</ref>


[[Sexual dimorphism]] is displayed within the species where the male dons a blue crown and the female a green one.<ref name=":0" />
[[Sexual dimorphism]] is displayed within the species where the male dons a blue crown and the female a green one.<ref name=":0" />


The Andean emerald was formerly placed in the genus ''[[Amazilia]]''. A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study published in 2014 found that the genus ''Amazilia'' was [[polyphyletic]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J. | last2=Witt | first2=C. | last3=Remsen | first3=J.V. | last4=Corl | first4=A. | last5=Rabosky | first5=D. | last6=Altshuler | first6=D. | last7=Dudley | first7=R. | date=2014 | title=Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds | journal=Current Biology | volume=24 | issue=8 | pages=910-916 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016 | doi-access=free }}</ref> In the revised classification to create [[monophyletic]] genera, the Andean emerald was moved to the resurrected genus ''Uranomitra'' that had been introduced in 1854 by [[Ludwig Reichenbach]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last1=Stiles | first1=F.G. | last2=Remsen | first2=J.V. Jr. | last3=Mcguire | first3=J.A. | year=2017 | title=The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny | journal=Zootaxa | volume=4353 | issue=3 | pages=401-424 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3 | url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/J_Remsen/publication/321277435 }}</ref><ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Hummingbirds | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=7 January 2020 }}</ref>
⚫
== Subspecies ==


⚫
== Subspecies ==
⚫
* ''U. f. viridiceps'' (Gould, 1860) – Ecuadorian Emerald – SW Colombia (Nariño) and W Ecuador (S to Loja).
Three [[subspecies]] are recognised:<ref name=ioc/>
* ''U. f. franciae'' (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846) – Andean Emerald – Andes of NW & C Colombia.
* ''U. f. franciae'' (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846) – northwest and central Colombia
* ''U. f. cyanocollis'' (Gould, 1853) – Andes of SE Ecuador (Zamora-Chinchipe) and N Peru (Marañón Valley S to E La Libertad).
⚫
* ''U. f. viridiceps'' (Gould, 1860) – southwest Colombia and west Ecuador
<ref name=":1" />
* ''U. f. cyanocollis'' (Gould, 1853) – north Peru


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 12:29, 7 January 2021

Andean emerald
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Genus: Uranomitra
Reichenbach, 1854
Species:
U. franciae
Binomial name
Uranomitra franciae
(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)
Andean Emerald in the Bellavista Cloud Forest Reserve, Ecuador

The Andean emerald (Uranomitra franciae) is a species of hummingbird. It is the only species placed in the genus Uranomitra. It is found at forest edge, woodland, gardens and scrub in the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and northern Peru. It is generally fairly common. It is green above and white below. Some subspecies have a blue crown. They are generally solitary but will be present with other hummingbirds at flowering trees (known as feeding assemblies).[2][3]

Sexual dimorphism is displayed within the species where the male dons a blue crown and the female a green one.[2]

The Andean emerald was formerly placed in the genus Amazilia. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus Amazilia was polyphyletic.[4] In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the Andean emerald was moved to the resurrected genus Uranomitra that had been introduced in 1854 by Ludwig Reichenbach.[5][6]

Subspecies

Three subspecies are recognised:[6]

  • U. f. franciae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846) – northwest and central Colombia
  • U. f. viridiceps (Gould, 1860) – southwest Colombia and west Ecuador
  • U. f. cyanocollis (Gould, 1853) – north Peru

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Amazilia franciae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  2. ^ a b "Andean Emerald - Introduction | Neotropical Birds Online". neotropical.birds.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  3. ^ "Andean Emerald (Amazilia franciae)". www.hbw.com. Retrieved 2019-05-24.
  4. ^ McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016.
  5. ^ Stiles, F.G.; Remsen, J.V. Jr.; Mcguire, J.A. (2017). "The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny". Zootaxa. 4353 (3): 401–424. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.
  6. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 7 January 2020.

External links

Andean emerald


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