Polytminae: Difference between revisions

Polytminae
	Black-throated mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Strisores
Order:	Apodiformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Subfamily:	Polytminae; Reichenbach, 1849
Genera
	12, see text

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Revision as of 11:37, 9 January 2021

Polytminae is a subfamily of the hummingbird family, Trochilidae. It is one of six subfamilies and as currently defined contains 29 species divided into 12 genera.

The informal name "mangos" has been proposed for this group as the largest genus, Anthracothorax, includes six species with "mango" in their common name.^[1]

A molecular phylogenetic study of the hummingbirds published in 2009 found that the species formed nine clades.^[1] In 2013 Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. divided the family into six subfamilies and proposed using the Latin name Polytminae for the "mango" clade, a name that had been introduced by Ludwig Reichenbach in 1849.^[2]^[3]

The existence of this clade was not anticipated by pre-molecular studies but a common feature is the presence of serrations on the cutting edge of the bill. An extreme example is the tooth-billed hummingbird (Androdon aequatorialis).^[4]

The phylogeny shows that the genus Eulampis is nested within Anthracothorax making Anthracothorax paraphyletic.^[5]^[4]

No species from the genus Augastes has been sampled in molecular studies but based on a comparison of plumage features and bill shapes it is believed that Augastes is closely related to Schistes.^[4]

Trochilidae

	Florisuginae – Topazes

	Phaethornithinae – Hermits

Polytminae – Mangos

Lesbiinae

	Heliantheini – Brilliants

	Lesbiini – Coquettes

Patagoninae – Giant hummingbird

Trochilinae

	Lampornithini – Mountain Gems

	Mellisugini – Bees

Trochilini – Emeralds

Phylogeny based on a molecular phylogenetic study by Jimmy McGuire and colleagues published in 2009. The English names are those used by the authors.^[1] The Latin names are those proposed by Edward Dickinson and James Van Remsen, Jr. in 2013.^[6]

Taxonomic list

The subfamily includes the following species:^[7]

Image	Genus	Living species
	Doryfera	Green-fronted lancebill, Doryfera ludovicae Blue-fronted lancebill, Doryfera johannae
	Schistes	Geoffroy's daggerbill, Schistes geoffroyi White-throated daggerbill, Schistes albogularis
	Augastes	Hyacinth visorbearer, Augastes scutatus Hooded visorbearer, Augastes lumachella
	Colibri	Brown violetear, Colibri delphinae Mexican violetear, Colibri thalassinus Lesser violetear, Colibri cyanotus Sparkling violetear, Colibri coruscans White-vented violetear, Colibri serrirostris
	Androdon	Tooth-billed hummingbird, Androdon aequatorialis
	Heliactin	Horned sungem, Heliactin bilophus
	Heliothryx	Purple-crowned fairy, Heliothryx barroti Black-eared fairy, Heliothryx auritus
	Polytmus	White-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus guainumbi Tepui goldenthroat, Polytmus milleri Green-tailed goldenthroat, Polytmus theresiae
	Avocettula	Fiery-tailed awlbill, Avocettula recurvirostris
	Chrysolampis	Ruby-topaz hummingbird, Chrysolampis mosquitus
	Anthracothorax	Green-throated mango, Anthracothorax viridigula Green-breasted mango, Anthracothorax prevostii Black-throated mango, Anthracothorax nigricollis Veraguan mango, Anthracothorax veraguensis Antillean mango, Anthracothorax dominicus Green mango, Anthracothorax viridis Jamaican mango, Anthracothorax mango
	Eulampis	Purple-throated carib, Eulampis jugularis Green-throated carib, Eulampis holosericeus

References

^ ^a ^b ^c McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Remsen, J.V.; Dudley, R.; Altshuler, D.L. (2009). "A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (1): 155–165. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x.
^ Reichenbach, Ludwig (1849). Avium Systema Naturale (in German). Dresden and Leipzig: Friedrich Hofmeister. Plate XXXIX.
^ Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 108.
^ ^a ^b ^c Remsen, J.V.J.; Stiles, F.G.; Mcguire, J.A. (2015). "Classification of the Polytminae (Aves: Trochilidae)". Zootaxa. 3957 (1): 143–150. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.13.
^ McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016.
^ Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 105-136.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 8 January 2020.

Sources

Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V., Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. Volume 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)

[mcguire2009-1] McGuire, J.A.; Witt, C.C.; Remsen, J.V.; Dudley, R.; Altshuler, D.L. (2009). "A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds". Journal of Ornithology. 150 (1): 155–165. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x.

[2] Reichenbach, Ludwig (1849). Avium Systema Naturale (in German). Dresden and Leipzig: Friedrich Hofmeister. Plate XXXIX.

[FOOTNOTEDickinsonRemsen2013108-3] Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 108.

[remsen2015-4] Remsen, J.V.J.; Stiles, F.G.; Mcguire, J.A. (2015). "Classification of the Polytminae (Aves: Trochilidae)". Zootaxa. 3957 (1): 143–150. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.13.

[mcguire2014-5] McGuire, J.; Witt, C.; Remsen, J.V.; Corl, A.; Rabosky, D.; Altshuler, D.; Dudley, R. (2014). "Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds". Current Biology. 24 (8): 910–916. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016.

[FOOTNOTEDickinsonRemsen2013105-136-6] Dickinson & Remsen 2013, p. 105-136.

[ioc-7] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 8 January 2020.

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 }}
-'''Polytminae''' is a [[subfamily]] of the hummingbird [[family (biology)|family]], [[Trochilidae]]. It contains 29 species divided into 12 genera.
+'''Polytminae''' is a [[subfamily]] of the hummingbird [[family (biology)|family]], [[Trochilidae]]. It is one of six subfamilies and as currently defined contains 29 species divided into 12 genera.
 The informal name "mangos" has been proposed for this group as the largest genus, ''[[Anthracothorax]]'', includes six species with "mango" in their common name.<ref name=mcguire2009>{{Cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J.A. | last2=Witt | first2=C.C. | last3=Remsen | first3=J.V. | last4=Dudley | first4=R. | last5=Altshuler | first5=D.L. | date=2009 | title=A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds | journal=Journal of Ornithology | volume=150 | issue=1 | pages=155–165 | doi=10.1007/s10336-008-0330-x | doi-access=free}}</ref>
-A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study of the hummingbirds published in 2009 found that the species formed nine [[clades]].<ref name=mcguire2009/> In 2013 [[Edward C. Dickinson|Edward Dickinson]] and [[James Van Remsen, Jr.]] proposed using the Latin name Polytminae for the "mango" clade, a name that had been introduced by [[Ludwig Reichenbach]] in 1849.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Reichenbach | first=Ludwig | author-link=Ludwig Reichenbach | year=1849 | title=Avium Systema Naturale | publisher=Friedrich Hofmeister | language=German | place=Dresden and Leipzig | at=Plate XXXIX | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47618439 }}</ref>{{sfn|Dickinson|Remsen|2013|p=108}}
+A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study of the hummingbirds published in 2009 found that the species formed nine [[clades]].<ref name=mcguire2009/> In 2013 [[Edward C. Dickinson|Edward Dickinson]] and [[James Van Remsen, Jr.]] divided the family into six subfamilies and proposed using the Latin name Polytminae for the "mango" clade, a name that had been introduced by [[Ludwig Reichenbach]] in 1849.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Reichenbach | first=Ludwig | author-link=Ludwig Reichenbach | year=1849 | title=Avium Systema Naturale | publisher=Friedrich Hofmeister | language=German | place=Dresden and Leipzig | at=Plate XXXIX | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47618439 }}</ref>{{sfn|Dickinson|Remsen|2013|p=108}}
-A common feature of the members of this group is the presence of serrations on the cutting edge of the bill. An extreme example is the [[tooth-billed hummingbird]] (''Androdon aequatorialis'').<ref name=remsen2015>{{Cite journal | last1=Remsen | first1=J.V.J. | last2=Stiles | first2=F.G. | last3=Mcguire | first3=J.A. | date=2015 | title=Classification of the Polytminae (Aves: Trochilidae) | journal=Zootaxa | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281821923 | volume=3957 | issue=1 | pages=143–150 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.13}}</ref>
+The existence of this clade was not anticipated by pre-molecular studies but a common feature is the presence of serrations on the cutting edge of the bill. An extreme example is the [[tooth-billed hummingbird]] (''Androdon aequatorialis'').<ref name=remsen2015>{{Cite journal | last1=Remsen | first1=J.V.J. | last2=Stiles | first2=F.G. | last3=Mcguire | first3=J.A. | date=2015 | title=Classification of the Polytminae (Aves: Trochilidae) | journal=Zootaxa | url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281821923 | volume=3957 | issue=1 | pages=143–150 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.13}}</ref>
+The phylogeny shows that the genus ''[[Eulampis]]'' is nested within ''[[Anthracothorax]]''
+making ''Anthracothorax'' [[paraphyletic]].<ref name=mcguire2014>{{ cite journal | last1=McGuire | first1=J. | last2=Witt | first2=C. | last3=Remsen | first3=J.V. | last4=Corl | first4=A. | last5=Rabosky | first5=D. | last6=Altshuler | first6=D. | last7=Dudley | first7=R. | date=2014 | title=Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds | journal=Current Biology | volume=24 | issue=8 | pages=910-916 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.016 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=remsen2015/>
+No species from the genus ''[[Augastes]]'' has been sampled in molecular studies but based on a comparison of plumage features and bill shapes it is believed that ''Augastes'' is closely related to ''Schistes''.<ref name=remsen2015/>
 {{Cladogram