2'-O-methylation
2'-O-methylation is a common nucleoside modification of RNA, where a methyl group is added to the 2' hydroxyl of the ribose moiety of a nucleoside, producing a methoxy group. 2'-O-methylated nucleosides are mostly found in ribosomal RNA and small nuclear RNA and occur in the functionally essential regions of the ribosome and spliceosome.[1] Currently, about 1210 2'-O-methylations (2'-O-Me) have been identified in mammals and yeast and deposited in RMBase (RNA Modification Base) database.[2]
Having chemical properties intermediate between RNA and DNA, 2'-O-methylation is presumed to have been one of the reactive group of RNA molecules on early earth that would have given rise to DNA.[3]
A novel method, Nm-REP-seq, was developed for enriching ribose methylations by using RNA exoribonuclease (Mycoplasma genitalium RNase R, MgR) and periodate oxidation reactivity to eliminate 2'-hydroxylated (2'-OH) nucleosides.[4] Nm-REP-seq utilizes two orthogonal lines of evidences for the single-nucleotide detection of 2'-O-Methylation sites in various ncRNAs and mRNAs. Nm-REP-seq discovered telomerase RNA component (TERC) RNA, scaRNAs and snoRNAs as new classes of Nm-containing ncRNAs. Furthermore, Nm-REP-seq revealed 2'-O-Methylation located at the 3’-end of snoRNAs, snRNAs, tRNAs and fragments derived from them, as well as piRNAs and miRNAs.
A method to map 2'-O ribose methylations by high throughput sequencing has been published.[5] The method maps modifications of rRNAs in a single experiment.
See also
References
- ^ Kiss T (2001). "Small nucleolar RNA-guided post-transcriptional modification of cellular RNAs". EMBO J. 20 (14): 3617–3622. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.14.3617. PMC 125535. PMID 11447102.
- ^ Sun WJ, Li JH, Liu S, Wu J, Zhou H, Qu LH, Yang JH (4 January 2016). "RMBase: a resource for decoding the landscape of RNA modifications from high-throughput sequencing data". Nucleic Acids Research. 44 (D1): D259–265. doi:10.1093/nar/gkv1036. PMC 4702777. PMID 26464443.
- ^ Rana AK, Ankri S (2016). "Reviving the RNA World: An Insight into the Appearance of RNA Methyltransferases". Frontiers in Genetics. 7: 99. doi:10.3389/fgene.2016.00099. PMC 4893491. PMID 27375676.
- ^ Zhang, Ping; Huang, Junhong; Zheng, Wujian; Chen, Lifan; Liu, Shurong; Liu, Anrui; Ye, Jiayi; Zhou, Jie; Chen, Zhirong; Huang, Qiaojuan; Liu, Shun; Zhou, Keren; Qu, Lianghu; Li, Bin; Yang, Jianhua (28 October 2022). "Single-base resolution mapping of 2′-O-methylation sites by an exoribonuclease-enriched chemical method". Science China Life Sciences. doi:10.1007/s11427-022-2210-0.
- ^ Birkedal U, et al. (2015). "Profiling of Ribose Methylations in RNA by High-Throughput Sequencing". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54 (2): 451–455. doi:10.1002/anie.201408362. PMID 25417815.
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