Aircraft maintenance checks: Difference between revisions
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Aircraft ㅡ먀ㅜㅅ둠ㅊㄷ 촏찬 |
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'''[[Aircraft maintenance]] checks''' are periodic inspections that have to be done on all commercial/civil [[aircraft]] after a certain amount of time or usage; military aircraft normally follow specific maintenance programmes which may be or not similar to the commercial/civil operators. [[Airline]]s and other commercial operators of large or turbine-powered aircraft follow a continuous inspection program approved by the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) in the United States,<ref>{{cite book |
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| author = AFS-600 |
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| title = Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook |
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| chapter = Chapter 8. Inspection Fundamentals |
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| chapterurl = http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aircraft/amt_handbook/media/FAA-8083-30_Ch08.pdf |
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| version = |
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| publisher = [[Federal Aviation Administration]] |
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| year = 2008 |
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| url = http://www.faa.gov/library/manuals/aircraft/amt_handbook/ |
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| format = pdf |
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| id = FAA-H-8083-30 |
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| accessdate = 2010-01-12 |
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| quote = |
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| pages = 8–15 |
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| pages = |
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| ref = |
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}} |
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</ref> or by other [[National Airworthiness Authority|airworthiness authorities]] such as [[Transport Canada]] or the [[European Aviation Safety Agency]] (EASA). Under FAA oversight, each operator prepares a Continuous Airworthiness Maintenance Program (CAMP) under its Operations Specifications or "OpSpecs".<ref>{{cite book |
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| author = AFS |
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| title = Flight Standards Information Management System |
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| chapter = Vol. 3 Chapters 18 & 43 |
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| chapterurl = |
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| version = CHG 80 |
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| publisher = [[Federal Aviation Administration]] |
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| year = 2009 |
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| url = http://fsims.faa.gov/PICResults.aspx?mode=EBookContents |
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| format = |
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| id = Order 8900.1 |
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| accessdate = 2010-01-12 |
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| quote = |
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| page = |
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| pages = |
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}}</ref> |
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The CAMP includes both routine and detailed inspections. Airlines and airworthiness authorities casually refer to the detailed inspections as "checks", commonly one of the following: A check, B check, C check, or D check. A and B checks are lighter checks, while C and D are considered heavier checks. |
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==A Check== |
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This is performed approximately every 500 - 800 flight hours or 200 - 400 cycles. It needs about 20 - 50 man-hours and is usually performed overnight at an airport gate or hangar. The actual occurrence of this check varies by aircraft type, the cycle count (takeoff and landing is considered an aircraft "cycle"), or the number of hours flown since the last check. The occurrence can be delayed by the airline if certain predetermined conditions are met. |
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==B Check== |
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This is performed approximately every 4–6 months. It needs about 150 man-hours and is usually performed within 1–3 days at an airport hangar. A similar occurrence schedule applies to the B check as to the A check. B checks |
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may be incorporated into successive A checks, i.e.: A-1 through A-10 complete all the B check items. |
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==C Check== |
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This is performed approximately every 20–24 months or a specific amount of actual flight hours (FH) as defined by the manufacturer. This maintenance check is much more extensive than a B Check, requiring a large majority of the aircraft's components to be inspected. This check puts the aircraft out of service and until it is completed, the aircraft must not leave the maintenance site. It also requires more space than A and B Checks—usually a hangar at a maintenance base. The time needed to complete such a check is generally 1–2 weeks and the effort involved can require up to 6000 man-hours. The schedule of occurrence has many factors and components as has been described, and thus varies by aircraft category and type. |
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==D Check== |
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This is by far the most comprehensive and demanding check for an airplane. It is also known as a Heavy Maintenance Visit (HMV). This check occurs approximately every 5 years. It is a check that, more or less, takes the entire airplane apart for inspection and overhaul. Also, if required, the paint may need to be completely removed for further inspection on the fuselage metal skin. Such a check can usually demand up to 50,000 man-hours and it can generally take up to 2 months to complete, depending on the aircraft and the number of technicians involved. It also requires the most space of all maintenance checks, and as such must be performed at a suitable maintenance base. Given the elevated requirements of this check and the tremendous effort involved in it, it is also by far the most expensive maintenance check of all, with total costs for a single visit ending up well within the million-dollar range. |
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Because of the nature and the cost of such a check, most airlines — especially those with a large fleet — have to plan D Checks for their aircraft years in advance. Often, older aircraft being phased out of a particular airline's fleet are either stored or scrapped upon reaching their next D Check, due to the high costs involved in it in comparison to the aircraft's value. On average, a commercial aircraft undergoes 2–3 D Checks before it is retired. Many [[Maintenance, repair, and operations|Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul]] (MRO) shops state that it is virtually impossible to perform a D Check profitably at a shop located within the United States. As such, only a few of these shops offer D checks.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} |
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==Maintenance Review Board== |
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Initial aircraft maintenance requirements are proposed in a Maintenance Review Board (MRB)<ref>{{cite book |
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| author = AFS-330 |
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| title = Maintenance Review Board Procedures |
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| chapter = |
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| chapterurl = |
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| version = |
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| publisher = [[Federal Aviation Administration]] |
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| year = 1997 |
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| url = http://rgl.faa.gov/regulatory_and_guidance_library/rgadvisorycircular.nsf/key/ac%20121-22a |
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| format = pdf |
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| id = Advisory Circular AC 121-22A |
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| accessdate = 2010-01-12 |
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| quote = |
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| page = |
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| pages = |
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}}</ref> report based on [[Air Transport Association]] (ATA) publication MSG-3. |
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Modern transport category airplanes with MSG-3 derived maintenance programs employ usage parameters for each maintenance requirement such as flight hours, calendar time, or flight cycles. Maintenance intervals based on usage parameters allow more flexibility in scheduling the maintenance program to optimize aircraft utilization and minimize aircraft downtime. |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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*[http://www.aerosphere.com/html/747_d-inspection.html Description of a D-Check at Aerosphere] |
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*[http://www.airlines.org/ Air Transport Association] |
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*[http://www.faa.gov/ Federal Aviation Administration] |
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*[http://fsims.faa.gov/home.aspx FAA Flight Standards Information Management System (FSIMS)] |
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*[http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Airworthiness_-_The_System Description of Checks in relation to the Airworthiness System on SKYbrary] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Aircraft Maintenance Checks}} |
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[[Category:Aircraft maintenance]] |
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[[Category:Aviation safety]] |
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Revision as of 06:46, 15 March 2014
Aircraft ㅡ먀ㅜㅅ둠ㅊㄷ 촏찬