Angel wing
Angel wing, also known as airplane wing,[1] slipped wing, crooked wing, and drooped wing[citation needed], is a syndrome that affects primarily aquatic birds, such as geese and ducks, in which the last joint of the wing is twisted with the wing feathers pointing out laterally, instead of lying against the body. Males develop it more frequently than females. It has also been reported in goshawks, bustard chicks, and psittacine birds (budgerigars, macaws, and conures).[2]
Description
The syndrome is acquired in young birds. Due to a high-calorie diet, especially one high in proteins and/or low in vitamin D, vitamin E, and manganese, one or both carpus (wrist) joints are delayed in their development relative to the rest of the wing; for reasons unknown, if only one wing is affected, it is usually the left one. The result is a wrist which is twisted outwards and unable to perform its usual function. Angel wing symptoms include stripped remiges (flight feathers) in the wrist area, or remiges protruding from wings at odd angles. In extreme cases, the stripped feathers may resemble sickly blue straws protruding from wings. In adult birds, the disease is incurable and usually leads to an early death, as affected birds are rendered effectively or totally flightless.[3] In young birds, wrapping the wing and binding it against the bird's flank, together with feeding the bird a more nutritionally balanced diet, can reverse the damage.
The theoretical causes of angel wing are genetics, the excessive intake of carbohydrates[3] and proteins,[1][4] together with insufficient intake of vitamin E,[4] low dietary calcium[1] and manganese deficiency.[1] However, scientific studies have not proven any link between bread and angel wing, and some academics refute the connection.[citation needed]
Angel wing is occasionally observed in waterfowl residing near humans (including domestic fowl), and the disease can sometimes be observed in areas where geese or ducks are fed too much bread.[3] Better choices for duck feeding include duck feed pellets (available online or at farming/agricultural supply stores, and some are designed to float on water), cracked corn, grapes (cut in half or quartered if large), peas or corn, earthworms, mealworms, and salad greens or vegetable trimmings (cut into small pieces).
References
- ^ a b c d "Avian Nutrition Glossary". LafeberVet.com. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
- ^ Zsivanovits, Petra; Monks, Deborah J.; Forbes, Neil A. (2006). "Bilateral Valgus Deformity of the Distal Wings (Angel Wing) in a Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)". Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery. 20: 21–26. doi:10.1647/1082-6742(2006)20[21:BVDOTD]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ a b c "Here's Another Good Reason Not To Feed Bread To Ducks In Spokane Park Ponds". City of Spokane news. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
- ^ a b "lack of vitamins. Warning not to feed white bread to ducks in Stratford". BBC Coventry and Warwickshire. 2010. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
