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'''''Avante!''''' (''Forward!'') is the official newspaper of the [[Portuguese Communist Party]] (PCP). Founded in 1931, it continues to be published to this day. The newspaper's motto is ''' ''Workers of the World, Unite!'' ''' and has been present in every edition of the newspaper since the very first. |
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The newspaper started to be an irregular publication due to the constant repression against the Portuguese Communist Party led by the authorities, who consistently assaulted the clandestine printing offices. After a major regorganization in 1940, the Party was able to make Avante! a better distributed newspaper among the working class, reporting events such as [[World War II]] or the [[Colonial War]] without censorship. After the [[Carnation Revolution]], Avante! had a major role among the working class, supporting the revolutionary changes. After those years, the paper lost influence, but has still a major influence among the workers, mainly in [[Lisbon]], [[Setúbal]] and [[Alentejo]]. |
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The newspaper also lends its name to a famous festival organized by the PCP - the ''[[Avante! Festival]]''. The festival usually boasts participation from hundreds of thousands of visitors, making the outside of the grounds seem like a giant camping park. The events themselves consist of a three-day festival of music, with hundreds of Portuguese and international bands and artists across five different stages, ethnography, gastronomy, debates, a book & music fair, theatre and sporting events. |
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==The History== |
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===The early years=== |
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{{Portuguese Communist Party|image=<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:pt ltl pcp2.PNG|100px|center]] -->}} |
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''Avante!'' was first published [[February 15]], [[1931]], as an appeal to the Portuguese proletariat, asking it to join the Communist Party's ranks. Despite this, it only started to be a regularly published newspaper in 1941 due to the constant and brutal repression against the PCP led by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Fascist]] authorities, who consistently assaulted the clandestine printing offices as well as the regular persecution, arrest and torture actions against the members of the Communist Party, some of whom were responsible for the newspaper. |
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===The 1940s and the 1950s=== |
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After August 1941, with the deep reorganization of the Communist Party, the newspaper started to be published at least once per month and, with the new party structure, including working from more remote locations, members responsible for the newspaper could now avoid the persecutions with much more efficiency. During the early 1940s, ''Avante!'' avoided official [[censorship]], and thus became one of the very few (if not the only) Portuguese media to freely report the events of the [[World War II|2nd World War]], denouncing the Nazi atrocities and reporting the role of the Allies, particularly the [[Soviet]]s, in the war. |
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In the early 1950s, the Fascist repression against the communists grew again. Protected by the new western allies of [[NATO]], [[Salazar]] was able to keep the dictatorship without major problems, and several Communist Party members were imprisoned. Among those was [[Álvaro Cunhal]], who was judged in a fake trial in which he denounced the Fascist crimes. In 1958 the Regime was shaken, with popular support shifting to [[Humberto Delgado]], who seemed slated to win the Presidential election, but did not, due to extreme manipulations carried out by the Fascist government. The Communist Party was among Delgado's supporters and ''Avante!'' had documented some of his democratic actions. |
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===The 1960s=== |
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In 1961 the Colonial War in Africa started, first in [[Angola]], then spreading to [[Mozambique]] and [[Guinea-Bissau]]. ''Avante!'' was one of the few newspapers to give voice to the anti-colonialist feelings of a large part of the Portuguese society who were noticing the military and political developments in the colonies. ''Avante!'' also documented several of the protests and demonstrations against Fascism, among these, the '''[[Academic Crisis]]''', a period of upheaval, led by students in support of Democracy. By the end of the 1960s, thousands of Portuguese citizens had been imprisoned for resisting the dictatorship, and ''Avante!'' regularly expressed the PCP's solidarity for them. |
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===The 1970s=== |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Avante frontpage May 1974.jpg|thumb|align=right|Frontpage of the first legal number of Avante, in May 17 of 1974|{{deletable image-caption|1=Wednesday, 16 April 2008}}]] --> |
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In 1974, after 48 years of dictatorship, the Portuguese people became free, after the [[Carnation Revolution]]. A completely new era of Portuguese history began: freedom of speech was finally restored and, under the new Democratic regime, the first legal edition of Avante! could be published. May 17 of that year, the historical first legal issue of ''Avante!'' brought attention to the presence of Communists in the 1st provisional government. This edition brought an end to 43 years of illegal publishing and distribution of the newspaper -- a world record. During the revolutionary period, up to 500,000 copies of some issues of ''Avante!'' were published and distributed. Due to its pro-working-class point of view, particularly in its reporting of protests and resistance movements, ''Avante!'' became one of the most popular newspapers among Portuguese workers. |
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In 1976, the first ''[[Avante! Festival]]'' was carried out in the FIL park in Lisbon, the first year of the now-annual festival which features among the biggest cultural and political events in the country. |
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===Since the 1980s=== |
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In the early 1980s, the right-wing parties won the parliamentary elections for the first time since the Revolution and the resulting government started to dismantle several of the socialist achievements of the Revolution. The Communist Party was strongly against such politics and ''Avante!'' took action, denouncing what the PCP considered to be political regression and attacks to the Portuguese working class. Several strikes and protests were organized, with the support and help of ''Avante!''. |
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After the collapse of the [[Socialist Bloc]] of Eastern Europe, the PCP's influence was reduced, but the Party's presence in Portuguese society continued to be strong, particularly in the areas around Lisbon and in the South of the country. Several governments passed through power, and ''Avante!'' continued to be published, reporting the PCP's objections to right-wing politics. |
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In the 2000s, several graphic changes were carried out; the front page is now printed in colour and the newspaper has a much more friendly appearance. The PCP created an online edition of ''Avante!'', that features all of the newspaper's content. After seventy years, the PCP's official position on political issues, along with several articles on political and historical issues, continue to be published every Thursday in ''Avante!''. |
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==Sections== |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Avante frontpage May 1975.jpg|thumb|align=right|Frontpage of the edition of May 1 of 1975|{{deletable image-caption|1=Wednesday, 16 April 2008}}]] --> |
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*The Front Page |
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*[[Editorial]] |
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*Opinion Columns |
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*In Focus |
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*[[Obituary]] of PCP members |
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*Articles |
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** PCP related articles |
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** Workers related articles |
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** [[Portuguese Parliament]] related articles |
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** Youth related articles |
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*News |
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** National News |
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** European News |
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** International News |
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*Special Articles |
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*Cartoon |
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==Historical list of Executive editors (incomplete)== |
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*[[Dias Lourenço]] |
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*[[José Casanova]] (present) |
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==Avante! Festival== |
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{{main|Avante! Festival}} |
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:cartaz-festa avante pcp 2005.jpg|right|100px|thumb|Avante Party 2005 Poster|{{deletable image-caption|1=Thursday, 17 April 2008}}]] --> |
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Every year (since 1976), during the first weekend of September, the ''' ''[[Avante! Festival]]'' ''' (Portuguese: Festa do Avante!) takes place. After rotating through different locations around Lisbon, including the [[FIL]] Park, [[Ajuda]] or [[Loures]], the festival now has a home in Amora, a town near [[Seixal]], on grounds bought by the Communist Party after a massive fundraising campaign in the early 1990s. The campaign was considered by the PCP as the only way to avoid the boycott organised by the owners of the previous festival grounds, which resulted, in 1987, with the festival not being carried out in its 11th year. |
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The festival usually boasts participation from hundreds of thousands of visitors, making the outside of the grounds seem like a giant camping park. The events themselves consist of a three-day festival of music, with hundreds of Portuguese and international bands and artists across five different stages, ethnography, gastronomy, debates, a book & music fair, theatre (Avanteatro) and sporting events. Several foreign communist parties also participate. |
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In 28 editions, the Festival counted with the presence of several famous artists, either Portuguese or foreign, like [[Chico Buarque]], [[Baden Powell de Aquino|Baden Powell]], [[Ivan Lins]], [[Zeca Afonso]], [[Buffy Sainte-Marie]], [[Holly Near]], [[Johnny Clegg (musician)|Johnny Clegg]], [[Charlie Haden]], [[Judy Collins]], [[Richie Havens]], [[Tom Paxton]], The Soviet Circus Company, the [[Kuban Cossacks]] Choir, [[Dexys Midnight Runners]], [[The Band]], [[Hevia]], [[Adriano Correia de Oliveira]], [[Carlos Paredes]], [[Jorge Palma]], [[Manoel de Oliveira]] and many others. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Portuguese Communist Party]] |
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==References== |
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*{{cite web | title=Jornal "Avante!"|url=http://avante.pt/| publisher=Partido Comunista Português| accessdate = 2005-04-23}} |
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*{{cite web | title=As Décadas do "Avante!"|url=http://www.pcp.pt/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=48| publisher=Partido Comunista Português| accessdate = 2005-04-23}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.avante.pt/ ''Avante!'' online] |
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*[http://www.pcp.pt/actpol/temas/f-avante/festa/index.htm Avante! Festival official website] |
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[[Category:Communist newspapers]] |
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[[Category:Publications established in 1931]] |
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[[Category:Portuguese Communist Party]] |
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[[Category:Newspapers published in Portugal]] |
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