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Belumosudil

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Belumosudil
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		Oral administration (tablets or capsules)
Identifiers
  • 2-[3-[4-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)quinazolin-2-yl]phenoxy]-N-propan-2-ylacetamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC26H24N6O2
Molar mass452.518 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC(C)NC(=O)COC1=CC=CC(=C1)C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C(=N2)NC4=CC5=C(C=C4)NN=C5
  • InChI=InChI=1S/C26H24N6O2/c1-16(2)28-24(33)15-34-20-7-5-6-17(13-20)25-30-23-9-4-3-8-21(23)26(31-25)29-19-10-11-22-18(12-19)14-27-32-22/h3-14,16H,15H2,1-2H3,(H,27,32)(H,28,33)(H,29,30,31) checkY
  • Key:GKHIVNAUVKXIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

Belumosudil (formerly KD025 and SLx-2119) is an experimental drug being explored for the treatment of chronic graft versus host disease (cGvHD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and moderate to severe psoriasis. It is an inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 (ROCK2; ROCK-II).[1] Belumosudil binds to and inhibits the serine/threonine kinase activity of ROCK2. This inhibits ROCK2-mediated signaling pathways which play major roles in pro- and anti-inflammatory immune cell responses. A genomic study in human primary cells demonstrated that the drug also has effects on oxidative phosphorylation, WNT signaling, angiogenesis, and KRAS signaling.[2] Originally developed by Surface Logix, Inc,[1] Belumosudil was later acquired by Kadmon Corporation. As of July 2020 the drug was in completed or ongoing Phase II clinical studies for cGvHD, IPF and psoriasis.[3]

cGvHD is a complication that can follow stem cell or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation where the transplanted cells (graft) attack healthy cells (host). This causes inflammation and fibrosis in multiple tissues. Two cytokines controlled by the ROCK2 signaling pathway, IL-17 and IL-21, have a major role in the cGvHD response. In a 2016 report using both mouse models and a limited human clinical trial ROCK2 inhibition with belumosudil targeted both the immunologic and fibrotic components of cGvHD and reversed the symptoms of the disease.[4] In October 2017 KD025 was granted orphan drug status in the United States for treatment of patients with cGvHD.[5]

IPF is a progressive fibrotic disease where the lining of the lungs become thickened and scarred.[6] Increased ROCK activity has been found in the lungs of humans and animals with IPF. Treatment with belumosudil reduced lung fibrosis in a bleomycin mouse model study.[7] Belumosudil may have a therapeutic benefit in IPF by targeting the fibrotic processes mediated by the ROCK signaling pathway.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin condition where patients experiences eruptions and remissions of thickened, erythematous, and scaly patches of skin. Down-regulation of pro-inflammatory responses was observed with KD025 treatment in Phase 2 clinical studies in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.[8]

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
"Substance Name:Substance Name: Belumosudil [USAN]". US National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 25 July 2020.

References

  1. ^ a b Boerma M, Fu Q, Wang J, Loose DS, Bartolozzi A, Ellis JL, et al. (October 2008). "Comparative gene expression profiling in three primary human cell lines after treatment with a novel inhibitor of Rho kinase or atorvastatin". Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis. 19 (7): 709–18. doi:10.1097/MBC.0b013e32830b2891. PMC 2713681. PMID 18832915.
  2. ^ Park J, Chun KH (5 May 2020). "Identification of novel functions of the ROCK2-specific inhibitor KD025 by bioinformatics analysis". Gene. 737: 144474. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2020.144474. PMID 32057928.
  3. ^ "KD025 - Clinical Trials". ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  4. ^ Flynn R, Paz K, Du J, Reichenbach DK, Taylor PA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, et al. (April 2016). "Targeted Rho-associated kinase 2 inhibition suppresses murine and human chronic GVHD through a Stat3-dependent mechanism". Blood. 127 (17): 2144–54. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-10-678706. PMC 4850869. PMID 26983850.
  5. ^ Shanley M (October 6, 2017). "Therapy to Treat Transplant Complications Gets Orphan Drug Designation". RareDiseaseReport. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  6. ^ "Pulmonary Fibrosis". The Mayo Clinic. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  7. ^ Semedo D (June 5, 2016). "Phase 2 Study of Molecule Inhibitor for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Begins". Lung Disease News. BioNews Services, LLC. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  8. ^ Zanin-Zhorov A, Weiss JM, Trzeciak A, Chen W, Zhang J, Nyuydzefe MS, et al. (May 2017). "Cutting Edge: Selective Oral ROCK2 Inhibitor Reduces Clinical Scores in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris and Normalizes Skin Pathology via Concurrent Regulation of IL-17 and IL-10". Journal of Immunology. 198 (10): 3809–3814. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1602142. PMC 5421306. PMID 28389592.
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