Betty Johnson (physicist)
Betty Johnson | |
|---|---|
| Born | 18 October 1936 |
| Died | 11 September 2003 |
| Alma mater | University of Manchester, Imperial College London |
| Known for | Daphne Jackson Trust |
Elizabeth Johnson (18 October 1936 – 11 September 2003) was an American theoretical physicist, who was awarded an MBE in 2002 for "services to people returning to careers in science, engineering and technology". Johnson was influential in establishing the Daphne Jackson Trust and was one of the first women to receive a fellowship after a career break for family commitments.
Career and research[edit]
Johnson was born in Philadelphia. She received a BA in physics and mathematics at Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania in 1958.[1] She completed a PhD in elementary particle physics at the University of Manchester with support of the State Department Fulbright Scholarship scheme between 1958 – 1960, and an honorary Woodrow Wilson fellow.[1][2] She continued her research in the University of Pittsburgh, University of Wisconsin–Madison, King's College London and the University of Auckland.[3] Johnson held several part-time positions at the University of Surrey whilst raising two children. In 1975 Johnson was elected a fellow of the Institute of Physics.[4]
Her research interests evolved from elementary particle theory to gas dynamics and spin-dependent effects in semiconductors. She focussed on understanding fundamental physics and using it to predict the properties of real materials.[1]
Women in Science and Engineering[edit]
During her time at the University of Surrey, Johnson became a colleague and friend of Daphne Jackson, the first woman in the United Kingdom to become a professor of physics.[5] When Daphne Jackson began to award fellowships for women who wanted to resume research after taking a break from their careers; Johnson was one of the first recipients. In 1986 Johnson joined the Condensed Matter Theory Group at Imperial College London.[6]
Johnson was crucial in establishing the Daphne Jackson Trust after Jackson's death in 1992. She became a trustee in 2002, as well as sitting on the council of the Women's Engineering Society.[2] She was awarded in an MBE for her commitment to women in science in 2002.[7][2]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c MacKinnon, Angus; Pendry, John (2004-04-01). "Elizabeth Ann Johnson". Physics Today. 57 (4): 105–106. Bibcode:2004PhT....57d.105M. doi:10.1063/1.1752438. ISSN 0031-9228.
- ^ a b c Perry, Katie (2003-10-09). "Obituary: Betty Johnson". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- ^ "Betty Johnson: 1936–2003". Physics World. 16 (11): 11. 2003. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/16/11/19. ISSN 2058-7058.
- ^ Physics, Institute of. "Elizabeth Johnson Memorial Lecture". www.iop.org. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- ^ "Lives in Brief". The Times. 2003-10-08. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- ^ "Reporter – In brief". www.imperial.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- ^ "MBEs: I – M". 2002-06-14. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
- 1936 births
- 2003 deaths
- 20th-century American physicists
- 21st-century American physicists
- 20th-century American women scientists
- 21st-century American women scientists
- Alumni of the University of Manchester
- American expatriates in the United Kingdom
- Fellows of the Institute of Physics
- Scientists from Philadelphia
- Swarthmore College alumni
- American theoretical physicists
- Women's Engineering Society
- Fulbright alumni