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Byczyna

Coordinates: 51°7′N 18°13′E / 51.117°N 18.217°E / 51.117; 18.217
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Byczyna
Flag of Byczyna
Flag
Coat of arms of Byczyna
Coat of arms
Byczyna is located in Poland
Byczyna
Byczyna
Coordinates: 51°7′N 18°13′E / 51.117°N 18.217°E / 51.117; 18.217
Country Poland
VoivodeshipOpole
CountyKluczbork
GminaByczyna
First mentioned1054
Town rightsbefore 1268
Government
 • MayorIwona Sobania
Area
 • Total5.79 km2 (2.24 sq mi)
Elevation
197 m (646 ft)
Population
 (31 December 2021[1])
 • Total3,582
 • Density620/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
46-220
Area code+48 77
Car platesOKL
Websitehttp://www.byczyna.pl

Byczyna [bɨˈt͡ʂɨna] (Latin: Bicina, Bicinium; Template:Lang-de) is a town in Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,490 inhabitants as of December 2021.[1]

History

The town of Byczyna was first mention in 1054 when it temporarily served as the capital of the Bishopric of Wrocław. Its name is of Polish origin.[2] It was part of Poland and during its fragmentation period it was part of the duchies of Silesia, Głogów and Namysłów, before it was again under direct rule of Polish King Casimir III the Great from 1341 to 1348.[2] It was granted town rights before 1268.[3] In 1356 it passed to the Czech Crown Lands, and it soon returned under the rule of local Polish dukes of the Piast dynasty, as part of the duchies of Świdnica, Opole, Brzeg, Oleśnica, again Brzeg, Opole and finally Legnica until 1675.[2] Afterwards it was incorporated into the Habsburg-ruled Czech Kingdom. It was a border town,[4] located near Poland.

Jan Zamoyski at the Battle of Byczyna in 1588, painting by Jan Matejko

The Battle of Byczyna took place nearby between Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, who was elected as king of Poland, and Sigismund III Vasa who also was elected as king, on January 24, 1588. Maximilian was defeated. He surrendered and went to imprisonment. The German author Gustav Freytag[5] reports in his memories about yearly border violations at Byczyna. During the Thirty Years' War the town was occupied by the Saxons in 1633 and Swedes in 1646.[2] In the 16th century, a Polish school was established, which flourished in the 17th century, and from 1657 to 1661 its rector was Byczyna-born Polish scholar and translator John Herbinius.[2]

After the Prussian annexation in 1742, Byczyna, under the Germanized name Pitschen, entered a period of Germanisation, and the local school slowly diminished.[2] In 1757 the town suffered the largest fire in its history.[2] Despite those circumstances, in the 19th century, the town was still largely inhabited by Poles. After World War I and the rebirth of independent Poland, Germany introduced a number of restrictions, including a state of emergency, to hinder the self-organization of local Poles.[2] In the interwar period the town remained part of Germany.[2] In September 1939, Germany, invaded Poland also from Pitschen, sparking World War II.[2] After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, Byczyna was reintegrated with Poland.

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

See twin towns of Gmina Byczyna.

  • Medieval town walls with the Eastern (or "Polish") Tower
    Medieval town walls with the Eastern (or "Polish") Tower
  • Western (or "German") Tower
    Western (or "German") Tower
  • Byczyna Town Hall
    Byczyna Town Hall
  • Baroque Holy Trinity church
    Baroque Holy Trinity church
  • The Saint Nicolaus evangelic church
    The Saint Nicolaus evangelic church

References

  1. ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-06-02. Data for territorial unit 1604014.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Historia". Urząd Miejski w Byczynie (in Polish). Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  3. ^ Robert Krzysztofik, Lokacje miejskie na obszarze Polski. Dokumentacja geograficzno-historyczna, Katowice, 2007, p. 22-23 (in Polish)
  4. ^ *Pitzen, north of Kluczbork (Creitzberg) (in the Duchy of Brzeg (Ducatus Bregensis)) 1600 Silesia Map Archived 2012-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Gustav Freytag in his Memories mentions border violations against Pitschen farmers
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