Ciridops
| Ciridops Temporal range: Holocene
| |
|---|---|
| |
| ʻUla-ʻai-hawane | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Fringillidae |
| Subfamily: | Carduelinae |
| Genus: | †Ciridops A. Newton, 1892 |
| Species | |
Ciridops is an extinct genus of Hawaiian honeycreeper species that occurred in prehistoric and historic times on the Hawaiian islands of Hawaii, Molokai, Kauai and Oahu. This genus was created in 1892 by Alfred Newton in an article published by the journal Nature[1] on the basis of the ʻula-ʻai-hawane, which was named Fringilla anna by Sanford B. Dole in 1879.
The bill of these birds was strong. The culmen was arched, and the maxilla overlapped the mandible at the base. The nostrils were covered by a membrane. The wings were large and the tail was moderate with pointed rectrices. The nearest relatives might have been from the genus Loxops.[2]
The ʻula-ʻai-hawane, which was last seen in 1892, is the only species that survived into historic times, three others Ciridops cf. anna from Molokai, Ciridops sp. from Oahu, and the stout-legged finch (Ciridops tenax) from Kauai are only known from subfossil remains found in late quaternary deposits.[3]
Species
- ʻUla-ʻai-hawane (Ciridops anna) (Dole, 1879)
- Stout-legged finch (Ciridops tenax) Olson & James, 1991
- Ciridops cf. anna (on Molokai) Olson & James, 1991
- Ciridops sp. (on Oahu) Olson & James, 1991
References
- ^ Newton, Alfred (1892). "Ornithology of the Sandwich Isles". Nature. 45 (1168): 465–469. doi:10.1038/045465b0. (First description)
- ^ Rothschild, Walter: The Avifauna of Laysan and the neighbouring islands with a complete history to date of the birds of the Hawaiian possession. London: R.H. Porter, 1893–1900.
- ^ James, Helen F.; Olson, Storrs L. (1991). "Descriptions of Thirty-Two New Species of Birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part II. Passeriformes" (PDF). Ornithological Monographs. 46 (46): 1–92. doi:10.2307/40166713. JSTOR 40166713.
Further reading
- H. Douglas Pratt, Jack Jeffrey: The Hawaiian Honeycreepers Oxford University Press, 2005 ISBN 0-19-854653-X
- Scott B Wilson & Arthur Humble Evans: Aves Hawaiienses: The Birds of the Sandwich Islands. 1890–99. R. H. Porter, London (Reprint: Ayer Publishing, 1974 ISBN 0-405-05771-7)
- Storrs L. Olson: History, Structure, Evolution, Behavior, Distribution, and Ecology of the Extinct Hawaiian Genus Ciridops (Fringillidae, Carduelini, Drepanidini). The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, December 2012, Vol. 124, No. 4, pp. 651–674 doi:10.1676/1559-4491-124.4.651
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