Eelco Alta
Eelco Alta (Makkum, Súdwest-Fryslân, 23 June 1723 - Bozum, 17 August 1798) was a Frisian clergyman, theologian, and veterinarian.
Eelco Alta was born in 1723 in the coastal village of Makkum, and studied theology at the University of Franeker from 1737 until 1745, when he started as a minister in the nearby villages of Beers and Jellum. After nine years he moved to the main protestant church of Boazum, where he was to spend the next fifty years. He was politically active in the last years of the Dutch Republic, siding (although not explicitly) with the forces of republican "Patriotism", partly for religious reasons. During the royalist backlash of the late 1780s, this caused him some problems: some of his sons were actively persecuted, while he was forced to leave Bozum between 1790 and the Batavian Revolution of 1795. Thereafter, he shortly served as a member of the newly installed parliament of the Batavian Republic, but afterward admitted to prefer spending his time with his congregation.[1]
Veterinary medicine
Already during his time at university, Alta's aptitude for scholarly work outside of theology was recognized and resulted in his (unsuccessful) candidature for the chair of Philosophy.[2] He made important contributions to veterinary medicine and published, among others, about the natural causes of cattle diseases (Leeuwarden, 1765). In 1780, the Society for the Avancement of Agriculture in Amsterdam (Maatschappij ter bevordering van den Landbouw) awarded him 30 golden guineas for his efforts in promoting vaccination against Rinderpest, about which he submitted an extensive treaty to the society.
Astronomy
In 1774, Alta authored a treatise, Philosophical Considerations concerning the Conjunction of the Planets Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Mercury and the Moon. To be happening on the Eighth of May 1774, and about the Possible and Likely Astronomical and Physical Consequences of this Conjunction,[3] which was to secure his lasting fame. It was long said to have motivated Eise Eisinga to build his famous planetarium (or orrery) in Franeker. According to the canonicised view, Alta stated that the upcoming conjunction of the planets with the sun would herald the apocalypse, and through his planetarium, Eisinga was able to prove that in fact, the conjunction would not take place. Modern research has however come to the more prosaic conclusion that Eisinga was mainly motivated by practical motives - most of all not having to calculate the orbits and respective positions of the planets and the sun on paper, but instead using his planetarium as a reference.[4] The construction of the orrery appears to have begun before Alta published his treatise.
The main square in the village of Bozum is named Altaplein in his honor.
References
- ^ Nieuw Nederlands Biografisch Woordenboek (NNBW), Vol. 4, p. 38-9.
- ^ J. van Sluis, "Eelco Alta (1723-1798)", Biografisch Lexicon voor de Geschiedenis van het Nederlands Protestantisme, Vol. 5, 16-7.
- ^ Eelco Alta. Philosophische Bedenkingen over de Conjunctie van de Planeten Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Mercurius en de Maan. Op den Agtsten May 1774. staande te gebeuren, en wel over de Mogelyke en Waarschynelyke Sterre en Natuurkundige Gevolgen deezer Conjunctie. Boazum, 1774.
- ^ Huib J. Zuidervaart, Speculatie, wetenschap en vernuft. Fysica en astronomie volgens Wytze Foppes Dongjuma (1707-1778), instrumentmaker te Leeuwarden (Leeuwarden: Fryske Akademy, 1995).