Erimo Seamount
| Erimo | |
|---|---|
  Erimo Erimo (Japan) Location offshore Japan | |
| Summit depth | 3,729 metres (12,234 ft) |
| Height | 4.2 kilometres (2.6 mi) |
| Location | |
| Location | Western Pacific Ocean |
| Coordinates | 40°56′49″N 144°58′16″E / 40.947°N 144.971°E[1] |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Cretaceous |
Erimo Seamount (also known as Sisoev Seamount[2]) is a seamount off Hokkaido, Japan. Located close to the intersection between the Kuril-Kamchatka and Japan Trenches, it is in the process of being subducted. The Cretaceous seamount formed 100-120 million years ago and is covered by a limestone cap. Tiltmeters have been installed on its top.[3]
Geography and geomorphology
Regional
Erimo Seamount lies southeast of Cape Erimo of Hokkaido, Japan. The seamount lies close to the intersection between the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench to the northeast and the Japan Trench to the south,[2][4] and is sometimes used to define the boundary.[1] Erimo Seamount lies 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) oceanward[5] and south and east from the trenches[6] and it forms the northern tip of the Japan Trench; there the Pacific Plate subducts at a rate of 8 centimetres per year (3.1 in/year), together with the seamounts on it[7] such as Erimo which is currently entering the trench.[8] Other seamounts in the area are Takuyo-Daiichi to the east-northeast and Ryofu-Daini to the east-southeast,[4] and there is evidence of another seamount northwest of Erimo and in the process of being subducted.[9] Unlike other seamounts, Erimo is not part of a seamount chain.[10] Possibly, as such a seamount or a seamount chain subducted it indented the trenches, forming a 20 kilometres (12 mi) re-entrant.[11]
Local
The seamount is a guyot[12] which rises about 4.2 kilometres (2.6 mi)[7] to a depth of 3,729 metres (12,234 ft),[1] where a flat top is covered by early Cretaceous limestone[13] that contains gastropods,[14] green algae and red algae from that time.[15] Erimo Seamount is cut by normal faults that run parallel to the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench,[8] and the seamount is tilting[16] and beginning to break apart as its subduction starts.[17] It has a volume of about 1,100 cubic kilometres (260 cu mi), making it a mid-sized seamount by Pacific Ocean seamount standards, with a northeast-southwest elongated shape and a maximum width of 35 kilometres (22 mi)[13] and recognizable rift zones.[12] The crust underneath Erimo contains the magnetic anomaly M8[6] and has an age of about 120 million years.[13]
Volcanic rocks dredged from Erimo Seamount include alkali basalt,[18] brecciated basalts, silty sandstone,[19] trachyandesites or trachytes.[20] During the Cretaceous, carbonate rocks were emplaced at shallow depth on the seamount, which subsided by about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi). As the seamount has entered the trench, further subsidence of about 800 metres (2,600 ft) has taken place.[21]
Age
Erimo Seamount formed in the Cretaceous in an off-ridge setting[7] but close to a spreading center;[20] it is about 100-120 million years old,[7] while potassium-argon dating has yielded an age of 80 million years[2] and argon-argon dating of 104 ± 9 million years.[6] Cretaceous volcanic activity has generated seamounts all across the Western Pacific Ocean,[9] but Erimo today is inactive.[16] This seamount appears to be part of a large hotspot-generated seamount province whose youngest activity is currently located in French Polynesia.[22]
References
- ^ a b c d Jamieson, Alan J.; Stewart, Heather A. (1 January 2021). "Hadal zones of the Northwest Pacific Ocean". Progress in Oceanography. 190: 6. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102477. ISSN 0079-6611.
- ^ a b c Yamazaki 1988, p. 715.
- ^ Cadet et al. 1987, p. 325.
- ^ a b Oikawa et al. 2009, p. e6.
- ^ Cadet et al. 1987, p. 316.
- ^ a b c Yamazaki 1988, p. 716.
- ^ a b c d Oikawa et al. 2009, p. e5.
- ^ a b Lallemand, S.; Huene, R. Von (1 June 1990). "Tectonic erosion along the Japan and Peru convergent margins". GSA Bulletin. 102 (6): 715–716. doi:10.1130/B30612.1. ISSN 0016-7606.
- ^ a b Oikawa et al. 2009, p. e8.
- ^ Geersen, Jacob; Sippl, Christian; Harmon, Nicholas (17 February 2022). "Impact of bending-related faulting and oceanic-plate topography on slab hydration and intermediate-depth seismicity". Geosphere: 14. doi:10.1130/GES02367.1. ISSN 1553-040X.
- ^ Cadet et al. 1987, p. 323.
- ^ a b Konishi 1989, p. 260.
- ^ a b c Yamazaki 1988, p. 717.
- ^ Chase, Clement G.; Larson, Roger L. (1 December 1972). "Late Mesozoic Evolution of the Western Pacific Ocean". GSA Bulletin. 83 (12): 3627. Bibcode:1972GSAB...83.3627L. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1972)83[3627:LMEOTW]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0016-7606.
- ^ Konishi 1989, p. 263.
- ^ a b George, Annette (October 1985). "The origin of metavolcanic and associated argillaceous rocks at Island Bay, Wellington, New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. 28 (4): 632. doi:10.1080/00288306.1985.10422537.
- ^ Lallemand, Serge; Culotta, Ray; Von Huene, Roland (March 1989). "Subduction of the Daiichi Kashima Seamount in the Japan Trench". Tectonophysics. 160 (1–4): 246. Bibcode:1989Tectp.160..231L. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(89)90393-4. ISSN 0040-1951.
- ^ Cadet et al. 1987, p. 319.
- ^ Cadet et al. 1987, p. 318.
- ^ a b Dubois & Deplus 1989, p. 267.
- ^ Dubois & Deplus 1989, p. 268.
- ^ Miyazaki, Takashi; Kimura, Jun-Ichi; Senda, Ryoko; Vaglarov, Bogdan S.; Chang, Qing; Takahashi, Toshiro; Hirahara, Yuka; Hauff, Folkmar; Hayasaka, Yasutaka; Sano, Sakae; Shimoda, Gen; Ishizuka, Osamu; Kawabata, Hiroshi; Hirano, Naoto; Machida, Shiki; Ishii, Teruaki; Tani, Kenichiro; Yoshida, Takeyoshi (2015). "Missing western half of the Pacific Plate: Geochemical nature of the Izanagi-Pacific Ridge interaction with a stationary boundary between the Indian and Pacific mantles" (PDF). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 16 (9): 3319–3324. Bibcode:2015GGG....16.3309M. doi:10.1002/2015GC005911. ISSN 1525-2027.
Sources
- Cadet, Jean Paul; Kobayashi, Kazuo; Lallemand, Serge; Jolivet, Laurent; Aubouin, Jean; Boulègue, Jacques; Dubois, Jacques; Hotta, Hiroshi; Ishii, Teruaki; Konishi, Kenji; Niitsuma, Nobuaki; Shimamura, Hideki (May 1987). "Deep scientific dives in the Japan and Kuril Trenches". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 83 (1–4): 313–328. Bibcode:1987E&PSL..83..313C. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(87)90074-4. ISSN 0012-821X.
- Dubois, Jacques; Deplus, Christine (March 1989). "Gravimetry on the Erimo Seamount, Japan". Tectonophysics. 160 (1–4): 267–275. Bibcode:1989Tectp.160..267D. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(89)90395-8. ISSN 0040-1951.
- Konishi, Kenji (March 1989). "Limestone of the Daiichi Kashima Seamount and the fate of a subducting guyot: fact and speculation from the Kaiko "Nautile" dives". Tectonophysics. 160 (1–4): 249–265. Bibcode:1989Tectp.160..249K. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(89)90394-6. ISSN 0040-1951.
- Oikawa, Mitsuhiro; Watanabe, Naoko; Kaneda, Kentaro; Nishizawa, Azusa (1 March 2009). "Seismic structure of the subducting seamounts on the trench axis: Erimo Seamount and Daiichi-Kashima Seamount, northern and southern ends of the Japan Trench". Earth, Planets and Space. 61 (3): e5–e8. Bibcode:2009EP&S...61E...5N. doi:10.1186/BF03352912. ISSN 1880-5981.
- Yamazaki, Toshitsugu (1988). "Magnetization of Erimo Seamount". Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity. 40 (6): 715–728. Bibcode:1988JGG....40..715Y. doi:10.5636/jgg.40.715. ISSN 2185-5765.