Hole by beetle, other damage by pileated woodpecker.
Jim said the pileated woodpecker plays a big role in the life of a forest. In its quest to get at the larvae in the trees, it helps to break the trees down so that other species can also have a go.
A quote from it: "The pileated woodpecker may be a keystone habitat modifier in forested ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest. Their old nest and roost cavities provide unique habitat for secondary cavity-users, and their excavations provide foraging opportunities for other species, accelerate decay processes and nutrient cycling, and may facilitate the spread of heart-rot fungi and mediate insect outbreaks."
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