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File:X-ray tube 1.jpg

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Early Crookes x-ray tube from museum of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in Würzburg. The electrode on the lower left was the concave cathode, which focused a beam of electrons to a small (~1 mm) spot on the angled platinum anode in the center of the bulb, generating x-rays, which radiated through the forward wall of the tube toward the viewer. The electrode on the upper right was called the auxiliary anode. These early 'cold cathode' tubes were used from about 1900 to 1920.

The curved glass projection attached to the neck of the tube next to the cathode was a chemical 'softening' device to control the pressure in the tube. Crookes tubes required some air in the tube to operate. But over time the residual gas was absorbed by the walls, lowering the pressure. This required higher voltage across the tube, generating 'harder' x-rays, until the tube stopped working entirely. The softener contains either potassium chlorate or manganese dioxide. To restore the tube, the softener tube was heated in a flame, which released oxygen from the chemical, raising the pressure.
Date May 8th 2008 (see EXIF)
Source my own camera
Author me
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current22:07, 9 May 2008Thumbnail for version as of 22:07, 9 May 20082,477 × 2,058 (2.5 MB)Aida{{Information |Description=Old X-ray tube from museum of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in Würzburg |Source=my own camera |Date=May 8th 2008 (see EXIF) |Author=me |Permission=Own work |other_versions= }} {{self|GFDL|cc-by-sa-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0}} [[Category:X-ray
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