Franz Xaver von Zach
Franz Xaver von Zach | |
|---|---|
 Franz Xaver, Baron von Zach | |
| Born | June 4, 1754 |
| Died | September 2, 1832 |
| Nationality | German |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | astronomy |
Baron Franz Xaver von Zach (Franz Xaver Freiherr von Zach) (June 4, 1754–September 2, 1832) was a German astronomer born at Pest in Hungary.
He served for some time in the Austrian army, and afterwards lived in London from 1783 to 1786 as tutor in the house of the Saxon minister, Count Brühl. In 1786 he was appointed by Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg director of the new observatory on Seeberg hill at Gotha, which was finished in 1791. At the close of the 18th century, he organised a group of twenty-four astronomers to prepare for a systematic search for the "missing planet" predicted by the Titius-Bode law between Mars and Jupiter. Ceres was discovered by accident just as the search was getting underway. From 1806 Zach accompanied the duke's widow on her travels in the south of Europe. He died in Paris in 1832.
Zach published Tables of the Sun (Gotha, 1792; new and improved edition, ibid., 1804), and numerous papers on geographical subjects, particularly on the geographical positions of many towns and places, which he determined on his travels with a sextant.
His principal importance was, however, as editor of three scientific journals of great value: Allgemeine Geographische Ephemeriden (4 vols., Gotha, 1798-1799), Monatliche Correspondenz zur Beförderung der Erd- und Himmels-Kunde (28 vols., Gotha, 1800-1813, from 1807 edited by Bernhard von Lindenau), and Correspondance astronomique, geographique, hydrographique, et statistique (Genoa, 1818-1826, 14 vols., and one number of the 15th, the suppression of which was instigated by the Jesuits).
He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1794.
Asteroid 999 Zachia and the crater Zach on the Moon are named after him, while asteroid 64 Angelina is named after an astronomical station he set up near Marseille.
Regarding personal names: Freiherr is a former title (translated as Baron). In Germany since 1919, it forms part of family names. The feminine forms are Freifrau and Freiin.
References
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - Brosche, P.: Der Astronom der Herzogin, Acta Historica Astronomiae Vol. 12 Frankfurt am Main: Deutsch, 2001 ISBN 978-3-8171-1656-0
- Cunningham, C. (ed.) (2004): The Collected Correspondence of Baron Franz von Zach. Vol. 1: Letters between Zach and Jan Sniadecki 1800-1803 Surfside, Fla. (PO Box 547232, Surfside, FL 33154) : Star Lab Press ISBN 0-9708162-4-3
- Cunningham, C. (ed.) (2006): The Collected Correspondence of Baron Franz von Zach. Vol. 2: Letters between Zach and Lajos Schedius. Surfside, Fla. (PO Box 547232, Surfside, FL 33154) : Star Lab Press ISBN 0-9708162-7-8
- Vargha, M., 2005: Franz Xaver von Zach (1754-1832): His Life and Times. Konkoly Obs. Monographs No. 5, Budapest.
- Gosteli, L; Boschung, U; Brosche, P (1998), "Astronomer, world citizen, bladder calculus patient. Franz Xaver von Zach's letters to Rudolf Abraham von Schiferli 1821-1832", Gesnerus. Supplement, vol. 45, pp. 1–382, PMID 9847463
