Geneva Manifesto
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The so-called Geneva Manifesto (Spanish: Manifiesto de Ginebra) is a term referring to the declarations made by Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona in the Swiss newspaper Journal de Genève published on 11 November 1942, in which he called for the formal restoration of the Spanish monarchy with him as King, as he was Alfonso XIII's legitimate heir.[1][2][3][4] King Alfonso died a year earlier.
Background
Infante Juan originally supported the Francoist regime, which matched with his political beliefs, since he was a long-time supporter of Spanish Action—in fact, Eugenio Vegas Latapié, one of his founders, was one of his closest advisers. He tried to join the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War, though he was stopped by Emilio Mola and Francisco Franco twice, respectively. Historian Hartmut Heine explains that Infante Juan's overt support for the Nationalist faction made him "miss the opportunity to be identified as the king of all Spaniards".[5]
Consequences
According to Heine, the Geneva Manifesto appealed to monarchists, which led to a surge of restorationist movements.[6]
References
- ^ Jimmy Burns (3 November 2011). Papa Spy: A True Story of Love, Wartime Espionage in Madrid, and the Treachery of the Cambridge Spies. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 467–. ISBN 978-1-4088-2773-4.
Then, in an interview with the Journal de Genève on 11 November 1942, he declared that 'my supreme ambition is to be King of a Spain in which all Spaniards, finally reconciled, might live together'. During 1943, Franco received two separate ...
- ^ Víctor Alba (1978). La oposición de los supervivientes (1939-1955) (in Spanish). Editorial Planeta. pp. 125–. ISBN 978-84-320-0298-4.
Un general le escribía a don Juan en 1942, que no debía creer a quienes le decían que «estándose quieto la breva ... de 1942, don Juan hizo unas declaraciones al Journal de Généve — que se llamaron el manifiesto de Ginebra — y en ..
- ^ Julio Escribano Hernández (2007). Epistolario de Don Pedro Sainz Rodríguez (in Spanish). Fundación Universitaria Española. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-84-7392-681-2.
11 de noviembre de 1942"' 79 En España no se publica ni un solo párrafo de esta declaración de Don Juan. ... Los monárquicos, proponían desde el Manifiesto de Ginebra que fuera Don Juan el rey de una España en la que todos los ...
- ^ Gonzalo Redondo (1 January 1999). Política, cultura y sociedad en la España de Franco, (1939-1975).: (1939-1947). La configuración del Estado español, nacional y católico (in Spanish). EUNSA-Ediciones Universidad de Navarra. pp. 512–. ISBN 978-84-313-1713-3.
El 8 de noviembre de 1942 las tropas aliadas, al mando del general norteamericano Dwight D. Eisen- hower, ... Las declaraciones de don Juan de 1 1 de noviembre, el llamado «manifiesto de Ginebra», nada tuvieron que ver con los temores ...
- ^ Heine 1983, p. 263
- ^ Heine 1983, p. 268
Bibliography
- Heine, Hartmut (1983). La oposición política al franquismo. De 1939 a 1952 (in Spanish). Crítica. ISBN 8474231981.