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Hangul consonant and vowel tables

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The following hangul tables of consonants and vowels display the basic forms in blue in the first row, and their derivatives in the following rows. They are separated into tables of initials, vowels and finals. Jamo are romanized according to the Revised Romanization's transliteration rules. Thus, the table should not be used for normal transcription of Korean language, as sound changes must be observed.

Initials

ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
g n d r m b s - j ch k t p h
ㄲ 　 ㄸ 　 　 ㅃ ㅆ 　 ㅉ 　 　 　 　 　
kk tt pp ss jj

Vowels

  Basic   +i
Basic ㅏ ㅓ ㅗ ㅜ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅔ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ
a eo o u eu i ae e oe wi ui
y+ ㅑ ㅕ ㅛ ㅠ ㅒ ㅖ
ya yeo yo yu     yae ye      
w+ ㅘ ㅝ ㅙ ㅞ
wa wo wae we

Finals

ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ  ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
g n d l m b s ng j ch k t p h
ㄲ ㄵ 　 ㄺ  　 ㅄ  ㅆ 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
kk nj lg bs ss
ㄳ  ㄶ 　 ㄻ  　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
gs nh lm
　 　 　 ㄼ 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
lb
　 　 　  ㄽ  　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
ls
　 　 　 ㄾ 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
lt
　 　 　 ㄿ 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
lp
　 　 　 ㅀ 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　
lh

Alphabetization

Several sequences are in use. Sequences of the first type are common in South Korea, differing on the treatment of double jamo consonants in syllable-initial (choseong) and -final (jongseong) position; the second sequence is official in North Korea.

South Korea:

  • Consonant letters: ㄱ (ㄲ) ㄴ ㄷ (ㄸ) ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ (ㅃ) ㅅ (ㅆ) ㅇ ㅈ (ㅉ) ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
  • Vowel letters: ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅛ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢ ㅣ

North Korea:

  • Consonant letters: ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ‑ᆼ (= final) ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ ᄋ‑ (= initial)
  • Vowel letters: ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ ㅘ ㅙ ㅝ ㅞ

Consonant letters' names

Variants are given in brackets.

Consonant names in the 15th century seem to have ended in a vowel, judging from 1451 Hunmin Jeongeum Eonhae's forms such as "ㄱ는", which may have been pronounced geuneun /그는/.

Obsolete variants

  • ㅁ: miom 미옴
  • ㅂ: biop 비옵
  • ㅈ: jyat 쟛
  • ㅇ: iheung 이흥, ihoeng 이횡, ihəing 이ᄒᆡᆼ, i 이

Hangul syllables

See also

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