Hybrid tea rose
Hybrid tea is an informal horticultural classification for a group of roses.[1] They were created by cross-breeding two types of roses, initially by hybridising hybrid perpetuals with tea roses. It is the oldest group classified as a modern garden rose.
Hybrid teas exhibit traits midway between both parents, being hardier than the often quite tender teas (although not as hardy as the hybrid perpetuals), and more inclined to repeat-flowering than the somewhat misleadingly-named hybrid perpetuals (if not quite as ever-blooming as the teas).
Hybrid tea flowers are well-formed with large, high-centred buds, supported by long, straight and upright stems. Each flower can grow to 8-12.5 cm wide. Hybrid teas are the world's most popular type of rose[2] by choice due to their color and flower form. The fact that their flowers are usually borne singly at the end of long stems, makes them popular as cut flowers.
Most hybrid tea bushes tend to be somewhat upright in habit, and reach between 0.75 and 2.0 metres in height, depending on the cultivar, growing conditions and pruning regime.
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History [edit]
The birth of the world's first hybrid tea is generally accepted[3] to have been 'La France' in 1867. It was raised by Jean-Baptiste Guillot, a French nurseryman.[4] He did it by hybridising a tea rose, supposedly 'Madame Bravy,' with a hybrid perpetual, supposedly 'Madame Victor Verdier', hence 'hybrid tea.'
Other early cultivars were 'Lady Mary Fitzwilliam' (Bennett 1883), 'Souvenir of Wootton' (John Cook 1888) and 'Mme. Caroline Testout', introduced by Pernet-Ducher in 1890.
Hybrid tea roses did not become popular until the beginning of the 20th century, when Pernet-Ducher in Lyons, France, bred the cultivar 'Soleil d'Or' (1900).[5]
But the cultivar that made hybrid teas the most popular class of garden rose of the 20th century was the rose Peace ('Madame A. Meilland'), introduced by Francis Meilland at the end of World War II and one of the most popular rose cultivars ever.
Most hybrid tea cultivars are not fully hardy in continental areas with very cold winters (below -25 °C). This, combined with their tendency to be stiffly upright, sparsely foliaged and often not resistant to diseases, has led to a decline in hybrid tea popularity among gardeners and landscapers in favor of lower-maintenance "landscape" roses. The hybrid tea remains the standard rose of the floral industry, however, and is still favored in small gardens in formal situations.
Propagation [edit]
This is usually done by budding, a technique that involves grafting buds from a parent plant onto strongly growing rootstocks. One such rootstock is R. multiflora.
Hybrid tea cultivars bred in continental areas (e.g. Canada) tend to be hardier than those hailing from more maritime regions (e.g. New Zealand).
Types of hybrid teas [edit]
Fragrant hybrid teas [edit]
(Most fragrant ones)
- Alec's Red
- Angel Face
- Avon
- Alexander
- American Hero
- Aotearoa
- Apricot Nectar
- Barbra Streisand
- Blue Moon
- Bobby Charlton
- Chicago Peace
- Chrysler Imperial
- City of Newcastle
- Dolly Parton
- Double Delight
- English Miss
- Enchanted Evening
- Escapade
- Firefighter
- Fragrant Cloud
- Ingrid Bergman
- Kentucky Derby
- Kordes Perfecta
- Memorial Day
- Midas Touch
- Mister Lincoln
- Neptune
- Oklahoma
- Papa Meilland
- Paradise
- Peace
- Pope John Paul II
- Red Devil
- Stainless Steel
- The 777 Rose
- Whisky Mac
- Yesterday
Red hybrid teas [edit]
- Alec's Red
- Audrey Wilcox (cherry red w/a silver reverse)
- Baronne Edmund de Rothschild
- Beloved
- Black Baccara
- Black Magic
- Camp David
- Chivalry
- Christian Dior (bright crimson)
- Chrysler Imperial
- Crimson Glory
- Deep Secret (nearly black buds produce one of the darkest red roses - deep crimson)
- Dublin (medium red)
- Givenchy (purplish red w/yellow orange center & reverse)
- Grand Prix (famous as the "Scarlett Carson" rose in the 2005 film V for Vendetta)
- Gypsy
- Ingrid Bergman
- Ink Spots
- Kardinal (bright red)
- Kentucky Derby (deep, dark, velvety red)
- La Grand Duchesse Charlotte
- Lasting Love
- Liebeszauber
- Love's Promise (electric red)
- Maestro
- Mirandy
- Mister Lincoln
- National Trust
- Oklahoma (black velvety red)
- Olympiad
- Opening Night
- Papa Meilland (blackish red)
- Peppermint Swirl (red blend- striped looks kind of like it's smeared w/pink)
- Precious Platinum
- Proud Land
- Raven
- Reba McEntire (orange red blend)
- Red Masterpiece
- Red Planet (dk red)
- Rosie O'Donnell (orange red w/yellow reverse)
- Red Intuition
- Taboo (black-red)
- Timeless
- Toro (dk red)
- Velvet Fragrance (rich, very dark, velvety crimson red)
- Veteran's Honor (deep, dark red)
Pink hybrid teas [edit]
- Belami
- Bewitched
- Billy Graham
- Bride's Dream (soft pink- same color as parent plant, Royal HIghness, but a better plant)
- Brigadoon (creamy coral pink)
- Cajun Sunrise
- Color Magic (intense/beautiful fragrance)
- Color Me Pink
- Confidence (has a hint of yellow)
- Diana, Princess of Wales (frosty pink/cream blend)
- Duet
- Eden Rose
- Eiffel Tower
- Electron
- First Prize
- Falling in Love hybrid tea(pink and white- medium tal and fragrant)
- Fragrant Hour (pink w/some orange)
- Friendship
- Gemini
- Gitte (pink/apricot blend)
- Helen Traubel
- Henri Matisse (pink w/red stripes)
- Keepsake (deep pink blend w/lighter pink & touches of white)
- Kordes Perfecta
- Lily the Pink
- Lynn Anderson (pink blend- cream w/med-dk pink edges)
- Madame de Tartas
- Marijke Koopman (medium pink)
- Memorial Day (lavender/pink)
- Memorium
- Miss All American Beauty
- Monet (mauve blend)
- Moonstone (porcelain pink, huge blooms w/a beautiful fragrance)
- My Choice (pink w/yellow reverse)
- New Zealand
- Ophelia
- Paul Shirville
- Perfume Beauty
- Perfume Delight
- Peter Mayle (very fragrant)
- Pink Peace
- Pink Promise (official Breast Cancer society rose)
- Pristine(pink & white blend)
- Rose Rhapsody (dark pink)
- Royal Highness
- Savoy Hotel
- Seashell (salmon pink w/orange/lighter highlights)
- Sheer Bliss (pale pink almost white)
- Silver Jubilee (silvery pink, apricot, coppery salmon w/peach tints)
- Sonia (salmon pink w/coral to yellow center)
- Table Mountain
- The McCartney Rose (AKA Paul McCartney)
- Tiffany
- Touch of Class (coral pink w/cream highlights)
Orange, coral and apricot hybrid teas [edit]
- Ambassador (apricot, orange & pink)
- Angelique (bright red orange)
- Apricot Nectar
- Artistry (orange pink blend)
- Brandy (orangish cream)
- Broadway (orange, yellow & red blend)
- Cary Grant
- Chris Evert
- Dolly Parton
- Folklore (combination of oranges w/intense fragrance)
- Fragrant Cloud
- Gemini (coral & cream)
- Georgia
- Harlequin
- Helen Hayes
- Hot Pewter (orange red)
- Joyfulness (apricot blend)
- Just Joey
- Magic Lantern (apricot blend)
- Marmalade
- Medallion
- Mojave
- Montezuma (coral reddish)
- Mother's Rose (coral buds, coral & pink blooms)
- Nancy Reagan
- Prominent (orange red blend)
- Remember Me
- Rosemary Harkness (orange/salmon w/orange yellow reverse)
- Samaritan (apricot, pink, yellow blend)
- Seashell (orange pink bloom)
- Sheer Elegance (orange pink blend)
- Special Occasion (apricot & copper blend)
- Sunset Celebration
- Tahitian Sunset
- Tropicana (orange)
- Typhoo Tea (reddish coral w/lighter reverse)
- Typhoon
- Veldfire
- Voodoo
- Wildfire
Yellow hybrid teas [edit]
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- Celebrity
- Elina (light yellow)
- Fragrant Dream (soft yellows w/tinge of apricot) - beautiful fragrance
- Glowing Peace (orangish yellow w/pink edges)
- Golden Fantasie (medium yellow fades to white)
- Honey Dijon
- Houston
- Irish Gold
- King's Ransom
- Midas's Touch
- Mrs. Oakley Fisher (deep yellow)
- New Day
- New Dawn (sometimes called New Day)
- Oregold
- Party Time
- Peer Gynt (yellow w/pink edges)
- Radiant Perfume
- St Patrick
- Sunbright (deep solid yellow)
- Summer Sunshine
- Summer's Kiss (peachy yellow w/lighter edges)
- Welcome Home
White hybrid teas [edit]
- Crystalline
- Garden Party
- Honor
- John F. Kennedy
- Louisiana
- Mrs. Herbert Stevens
- Pascali
- Polar Star
- Pope John Paul II
- Pristine
- Sheer Bliss (white to soft pink)
- Sweet Afton (pale pink buds open to pearlescent white petals w/soft pink reverse)
- Tineke
- Virgo
- Whisper
Lavender hybrid teas [edit]
- Angel Face
- Big Purple (mauve to reddish purple)
- Blue Girl
- Blue Moon
- Blue River (mauve blend)
- Blueberry Hill
- Fragrant Plum
- Heirloom
- Lady X
- Melody Parfumee (mauve blend)
- Memorial Day (lavender/pink)
- Monet (mauve blend)
- Moon Shadow
- Neptune
- Paradise
- Purple Passion (lavender)
- Sterling Silver
Multicoloured hybrid teas [edit]
- Barbara Bush
- Bella'roma (pink buds open to yellow petals edged in pink- magnificent fragrance)
- Brigadoon
- Cherry Parfait (cream with red picotee)
- Chicago Peace
- Diana, Princess of Wales
- Double Delight
- Dream come true (golden apricot with bright pink petal edges)
- Elfi von Dassanowsky "Elfi" (peach-pink to apricot blend w/yellow reverse)
- French Perfume (creamy yellow centers shading to bright red near petal edges)
- Gemini (coral & cream)
- Granada (rose pink & lemon yellow blended w/red, gold, peach, & apricot)
- Kordes Perfecta
- Las Vegas
- Painted Moon
- Paradise (deep lavender bloom edged w/red violet)
- Peace
- Perfect Moment (red & yellow blend)
- Rio Samba (yellow petals splashed w/red & red/orange)
- Sutter's Gold
- Tahitian Sunset (gold, apricot & pink)
- Tequila Sunrise
References [edit]
- ^ "Classification of genera". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2012-03-16.
- ^ D.G. Hessayon. The Rose Expert. Mohn Media Mohndrunk. p. 9.
- ^ "La France: Hybrid Tea Rose". RoseGathering.com. Retrieved 2009-09-18.
- ^ "Guillot". HelpMeFind.com. Retrieved 2009-09-18.
- ^ D.G. Hessayon, The Rose Expert, Mohn Media Mohndrunk, p. 9
- ^ Duet from Monterey Bay Rose Sopciety
- ^ David Austin (25 July 1999). Botanica's roses: the encyclopedia of roses. Welcome Rain. p. 680. ISBN 978-1-56649-176-1. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
- ^ Nancy J. Ondra (5 February 2002). Taylor's Guide to Roses: How to Select and Grow 380 Roses, Including the New Hardy Ever-Blooming Varieties - Flexible Binding. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 452–. ISBN 978-0-618-06888-3. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
