Johann Philipp von Schönborn
Johann Philipp von Schönborn | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of Mainz | |
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| Church | Catholic Church |
| Archdiocese | Electorate of Mainz |
| In office | 19 November 1647–12 February 1673 |
| Predecessor | Anselm Casimir Wambold von Umstadt |
| Successor | Lothar Friedrich von Metternich-Burscheid |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 6 August 1605 |
| Died | 12 February 1673 (aged 67) |
Johann Philipp von Schönborn (6 August 1605 – 12 February 1673) was the Archbishop-Elector of Mainz (1647–1673), the Bishop of Würzburg (1642–1673), and the Bishop of Worms (1663–1673).
Life
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Johann Philipp was born in his family's manor house at Laubuseschbach (present-day Hesse) to Georg von Schönborn, a minor nobleman at the employ of the Lutheran counts of Wied.[1] The Schönborn family had knightly rank and was first mentioned in 1275. However, by the time Johann Philipp grew up, most branches of the family had extinguished, and in fact, he and his brother were the last sprouts of the family.
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Birth house in Laubuseschbach
In 1621, after it had been ascertained that he possessed the minimum quarters of nobility required, he was admitted as a minor canon (domizellar) by the cathedral chapter of Wurzburg Cathedral, and in 1625 by the cathedral chapter of Mainz Cathedral as well.[2] In 1626, he received consecration in Mainz. He became a cathedral canon of Würzburg in 1629 and of Worms in 1630. He was elected prince-bishop of Wurzburg on 8 September 1642 and archbishop-elector of Mainz on 19 November 1647.
His diplomatic skills made him an important mediator during the Peace of Westphalia negotiations that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. As a result, he was elected Archbishop of Mainz in 1647, thus also ruler of the Electorate of Mainz and archchancellor of the Holy Roman empire. In 1663, he also received the prince-bishopric of Worms. He was an effective administrator of his principalities and was able to bring back economic recovery. He fortified the city of Mainz with the Fortress of Mainz and Mainz Citadel between 1655 and 1675. He also founded hospitals and high schools. His court was a center of German politics in the post-war era.
He made his brother Philip Erwein (1607-1668) a Vogt in the Electorate of Mainz, where the latter acquired the castles of Gaibach in 1650, of Geisenheim in 1654, and of Heusenstamm (where he built a new castle) in 1661. The family thus shifted its focus from its regions of origin (in modern Hesse), which had become predominantly protestant, to the catholic ecclesiastical principalities of the empire, located in Franconia and on the Rhine.
He died in Würzburg in 1673 and was interred in Mainz Cathedral.
Legacy
Johann Philipp was the first of six members of the Schönborn family who, in the course of more than three generations, were to rule over eight of the most prestigious ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire,[3] giving the name Schönbornzeit to an era (1642–1756), sometimes nostalgically remembered in the popular conscience as an era of prosperity. Today, the term Schönbornzeit denotes a particular style of Rhenish and Franconian baroque.[4] His contemporaries gave him the honorable titles of "The Wise", "The German Solomon", and "The Cato of Germany".[5]
Further reading
- Karl Georg Bockenheimer (1891), "Johann Philipp (Erzbischof und Kurfürst von Mainz)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 32, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 274–276
References
- ^ Franck Lafage, Les comtes Schönborn, 1642–1756, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2008, vol. 1, p. 27.
- ^ Only noblemen were admitted as canons at most cathedral chapters. One needed 16 nobility quarters to become a cathedral canon at Mainz. Lafage, p. 28
- ^ Johann Philipp (1605–1673, Würzburg, Mainz, Worms); Lothar Franz (1655–1729, Mainz, Bamberg); Johann Philipp Franz (1673–1724, Würzburg); Friedrich Karl (1674–1746, Würzburg, Bamberg); Damian Hugo (1676–1743, Spires, Constance); Franz Georg (1682–1756, Worms, Trier, Ellwangen). Lafage, p. 16.
- ^ Lafage, p. 14.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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