John M. Bacon
John Mosby Bacon | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | April 17, 1844 Kentucky |
| Died | March 19, 1913 (aged 68) Portland, Oregon |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service | United States Volunteers |
| Years of service | 1862–1865 1866–1899 |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Commands | 8th Cavalry Regiment |
| Battles / wars | American Civil War Indian Wars *Battle of Sugar Point |
Brigadier General John Mosby Bacon (April 17, 1844 – March 19, 1913) was an American general of the United States Volunteers. He fought in the Battle of Sugar Point, October 5, 1898.
Career
[edit]John M. Bacon was born in Kentucky on April 17, 1844.[1] He began his military career as a volunteer serving with the 4th Kentucky Cavalry during the American Civil War, and reached the rank of major. In 1866 he was appointed captain with the Ninth Cavalry. He was twice brevetted, once for "meritorious service" at the Battle of Resaca (May 1864), and once more for "gallant service in Texas Indian campaigns."[2] From September 9, 1890, until November 17, 1894, Bacon, then a major with the Seventh Cavalry, was an acting inspector-general.[3]
Battle of Sugar Point
[edit]In 1898, General Bacon was stationed in Saint Paul, Minnesota, as the commanding officer of the Department of the Dakotas; he had carte blanche to deal with Indian troubles as he saw fit. In addition to the 3rd US Infantry Regiment, he also had cavalry troops nearby.[4]
In September 1898, responding to reports of an imminent outbreak of unrest among the Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians, General Bacon sent twenty men to Lake Leech, Minnesota. He followed by rail with 80 enlisted men of the 3rd United States Infantry. Bacon and his men landed on Bear Island on October 5 at 5 am; according to the general, a gun fired by accident prompted hostilities at 11:30 am.[5] Early reports published in the media the next day said that a massacre had occurred and that Bacon was among the dead; a headline in The Deseret News stated that "General Bacon and One Hundred Soldiers [were] Reported Killed."[6] Those news accounts were inaccurate. Later in the day on October 6, news reports stated that Bacon's command was deemed "probably safe,"[7] and on October 7 The New York Times reported that Bacon and most of his men were safe at Walker, Minnesota.[8] The Times account said that Bacon reported that "he has the Pillager band whipped, and that there is no need for further reinforcements."[8] Still, The Washington Observer reported as late as October 10 that Bacon had been killed, with his men, in a massacre.[9] In reality, the event was a major defeat for the U.S. Army,[10] but only one officer and six men were killed.
Despite his earlier insistence that reinforcements were not necessary, on October 11 Bacon asked for troops to be sent from the 4th and 7th Infantry,[11] and warned the Indians that thousands of men would follow them unless they surrendered those who were wanted by the federal government.[12] At the end of the month, Company G of the Third Regiment established Camp Bacon in Walker.[5]
Retirement, death and legacy
[edit]He retired at his own request on May 8, 1899.[13] He died in Portland, Oregon on March 19, 1913.[1][13]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "Col. John M. Bacon"
- ^ "Old Indian Fighters."
- ^ Annual report p. 465.
- ^ "Massacred!" col. 3.
- ^ a b Annual report pp. 21-25.
- ^ "Massacred!" col. 1.
- ^ "Bacon's Command Pro[b]ably Safe."
- ^ a b "Bacon Safe" col. 1.
- ^ "Slain by Indians" col. 1.
- ^ Matsen p. 269.
- ^ "Gen. Bacon Asks for Soldiers."
- ^ "General Bacon Warns Indians."
- ^ a b Who Was Who
Bibliography
[edit]- United States Department of War (1899). Annual report of the Secretary of War, Volume 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
- "Bacon Safe at Walker; Pillager Indians Scatter Before the Detachment of Soldiers at Bear Lake" (PDF). The New York Times. October 7, 1898. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- "Bacon's Command Pro[b]ably Safe". The Day. October 6, 1898. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- "Col. John M. Bacon". The Sun. Portland, Oregon. May 21, 1913. p. 9. Retrieved March 22, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- "Gen. Bacon Asks for Soldiers". Boston Evening Transcript. October 11, 1898. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- "General Bacon Warns Indians". Boston Evening Transcript. October 11, 1898. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- "Massacred! General Bacon and One Hundred Soldiers Reported Killed". The Deseret News. October 6, 1898. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- Matsen, William E. (1987). "The Battle of Sugar Point: A Re-Examination". Minnesota History. 50 (7): 269–75. JSTOR 20179051.
- "Old Indian Fighters: Major Wilkinson and Captain Sheehan No Novices at the Business". Lawrence Daily World. October 7, 1898. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- "Slain by Indians: Fierce Fight with Pillagers in Northern Minnesota". The Washington Observer. October 10, 1898. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- Marquis Who's Who, Inc. Who Was Who in American History, the Military. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1975. P. 22 ISBN 0837932017 OCLC 657162692