Ludwik Kalkstein
Ludwik "Hanka" Kalkstein, also known as Ludwik Kalkstein-Stoliński (13 March 1920, in Warsaw – 26 October 1994, in Munich),[1] was a Polish Nazi collaborator of German descent. He worked as a Nazi police agent during the German occupation of Poland and then as a Stalinist informant after the Soviet takeover of Poland. Along with his wife (Blanka Kaczorowska "Sroka" (b. 13 October 1922 in Brest, d. 25 August 2004), they became traitors to the Polish AK resistance organization under not one but two consecutive totalitarian regimes.[2] Kalkstein was responsible for the arrest and execution by the Nazis of at least 14 officers of the Polish underground, including General Stefan Rowecki.[3]
Arrested by the Gestapo in April 1942 and interrogated, Kalkstein and Kaczorowska had followed a path taken by other Nazi agents.[4] After collaborating with the Germans and even fighting on their side against the Poles during the Warsaw Uprising of 1944 (Kalkstein joined the SS as "Paul Henchel"),[2] they would later collaborate as informants with the Communist UB after their internment in prison.[5]
Kalkstein was arrested by the UB in August 1953 and then sentenced to life imprisonment on the charge of the betrayal of General Rowecki. The sentence was reduced to 12 years in prison. He was released from prison in 1965 under an amnesty. In 1973[clarification needed] and settled in Piaseczno, Poland where he ran a chicken farm and then moved to the village of Utrata near Jarocin where he owned a large pig farm. In 1981 or 1982, he travelled to France, where his son lived (from a relationship with Blanka Kaczorowski). The family claimed that he died in France in the 1980s. In fact, in the mid-1980s, he emerged in Munich, where he worked in the library of the Polish Catholic Mission under the name of "Edward Ciesielski". He died on 26 October 1994 in Munich, Germany.[3]
See also
- Helena Wolinska-Brus, military prosecutor in Stalinist Poland
- Edward Wasilewski, informant of the Ministry of Public Security until 1960
Notes and references
- ^ Adam Zadworny, "Ostatnia misja Kalksteina." Gazeta Wyborcza, 12 December 2009.
- ^ a b Waldemar Grabowski. "Kalkstein i Kaczorowska w świetle akt UB" (PDF 1.01 MB). Biuletyn Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, issue: 08-09 / 2004. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
- ^ a b "KALKSTEIN I KACZOROWSKA W ŚWIETLE AKT UB - ARTYKUŁY - Pamięć.pl - portal edukacyjny IPN". pamiec.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 15 February 2018.
- ^ Kenneth K. Koskodan (2009). No Greater Ally: The Untold Story of Poland's Forces in World War II. Bloomsbury USA. ISBN 978-1-84603-365-0.
- ^ "Ostatnia misja Kalksteina," page 2 (ibidem). 12 December 2009.
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