Mangrove robin
| Mangrove robin | |
|---|---|
| |
| In Cairns, Queensland, Australia | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Infraorder: | Passerides |
| Family: | Petroicidae |
| Genus: | Peneothello |
| Species: | P. pulverulenta
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| Binomial name | |
| Peneothello pulverulenta (Bonaparte, 1850)
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| Subspecies | |
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| Synonyms | |
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The mangrove robin (Peneothello pulverulenta) is a passerine bird in the family Petroicidae. It is found in the Aru Islands, New Guinea, and northern Australia. The bird's common name refers to its natural habitat. They live in mangrove forests and seldom fly outside these biomes.
Taxonomy
The mangrove robin was described by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1850 from a specimen collected in New Guinea. He coined the binomial name Myiolestes pulverulentus.[2] The species was subsequently moved to the genus Peneoenanthe by the Australian ornithologist Gregory Mathews.[3] It is now placed in the genus Peneothello, based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study of the family Petroicidae, published in 2011.[4][5]
There are four subspecies.[5]
- P. p. pulverulenta (Bonaparte, 1850) – coastal New Guinea
- P. p. leucura (Gould, 1869) – Aru Islands (south west of New Guinea), northeast coast of Australia
- P. p. alligator (Mathews, 1912) – coastal northern Australia and nearby islands
- P. p. cinereiceps (Hartert, 1905) – northwest coast of Australia
Description
The mangrove robin has an average weight of 21.3 grams (0.75 oz) for males and 17.3 grams (0.61 oz) for females.[6] Their wingspan differs between subspecies – the leucura subspecies have spans of 86 millimetres (3.4 in) to 90 millimetres (3.5 in) for males and 77 millimetres (3.0 in) to 84 millimetres (3.3 in) for females, while the alligator subspecies have spans of 82 millimetres (3.2 in) to 87 millimetres (3.4 in) for males and 76 millimetres (3.0 in) to 80 millimetres (3.1 in) for females. For cinereiceps, male birds have wingspans of 80 millimetres (3.1 in) to 84 millimetres (3.3 in) long; on the other hand, female wingspans are 76 millimetres (3.0 in) to 78 millimetres (3.1 in) long.[7] They feature a "dull pale bar" at the bottom of their remiges, although this is not very noticeable.[7] In order to facilitate their navigation through thick mangrove forests, mangrove robins have developed wings and tails that are rounded.[8]
Distribution and habitat
The bird is found in the Northern Australia region and the island of New Guinea,[9] within the countries of Australia, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Their preferred habitat are tropical and subtropical mangrove forests located above the level of high tide.[1] They seldom travel outside their habitat.[10]
The mangrove robin has been placed in the least Concern category of the IUCN Red List, as the population has remained stable throughout the last ten years.[1] The size of its distribution range is over 426,000 square kilometres (164,000 sq mi).[9]
Behaviour
The call of the mangrove robin has been described as a "down-slurred whistle". It eats insects in the mud when the tide falls.[11] While these may be its primary prey, the mangrove robin also consumes a significant amount of crab in its diet.[10]
References
- ^ a b c BirdLife International (2012). "Eopsaltria pulverulenta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ^ Bonaparte, Charles Lucian (1850). Conspectus Generum Avium (in Latin). Vol. 1. Leiden: E.J. Brill. p. 358.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 574.
- ^ Christidis, L.; Irestedt, M.; Rowe, D.; Boles, W.E.; Norman, J.A. (2011). "Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies reveal a complex evolutionary history in the Australasian robins (Passeriformes: Petroicidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 61 (3): 726–738. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.08.014. PMID 21867765.
- ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Australasian robins, rockfowl, rockjumpers, Rail-babbler". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 15 June 2019.
- ^ Dunning, John B. Jr. (December 5, 2007). CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses (Second ed.). CRC Press. p. 411. ISBN 9781420064452. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
- ^ a b Schodde, Richard; Mason, Ian J. (October 1, 1999). Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines. CSIRO Publishing. pp. 469–471. ISBN 9780643102934. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
- ^ Hunter, Malcolm L., ed. (June 10, 1999). Maintaining Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521637688. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
- ^ a b "Mangrove Robin (Eopsaltria pulverulenta)". BirdLife International. 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
- ^ a b Prins, Herbert H. T.; Gordon, Iain J., eds. (January 31, 2014). Invasion Biology and Ecological Theory: Insights from a Continent in Transformation. Cambridge University Press. p. 106. ISBN 9781107035812. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
- ^ Thomas, Sarah; Andrew, David (2011). The Complete Guide to Finding the Birds of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. p. 90. ISBN 9780643097858. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
- del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David A., eds. (2007). Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-42-2.
External links
