Markman hearing
| United States patent law |
|---|
| Legislation |
| Types of patent claims |
| Procedures |
| Other topics |
A Markman hearing is a pretrial hearing in a U.S. District Court during which a judge examines evidence from all parties on the appropriate meanings of relevant key words used in a patent claim, when patent infringement is alleged by a plaintiff. It is also known as a "Claim Construction Hearing".[1]
Holding a Markman hearing in patent infringement cases has been common practice since the U.S. Supreme Court, in the 1996 case of Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc., found that the language of a patent is a matter of law for a judge to decide, not a matter of fact for a jury to decide. In the United States, juries determine facts in many situations,[2] but judges determine matters of law.[3][4]
Markman hearings are important, because the court determines patent infringement cases by the interpretation of claims. A Markman hearing may encourage settlement, because the judge's claim construction finding can indicate a likely outcome for the patent infringement case as a whole. Markman hearings are before a judge, and generally take place before trial. A Markman hearing may occur before the close of discovery, along with a motion for preliminary injunction, or at the end of discovery, in relation to a motion for summary judgment. A Markman hearing may also be held after the trial begins, but before jury selection.[5]
The evidence considered in a Markman hearing falls into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic evidence consists of the patent documentation and any prosecution history of the patent. Extrinsic evidence is testimony, expert opinion, or other unwritten sources; extrinsic evidence may not contradict intrinsic evidence.[6]
References
- ^ Jakes, J. Michael (August 2002). "Using an Expert at a Markman Hearing: Practical and Tactical Considerations". IP Litigator. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
- ^ Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution
- ^ But see Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
- ^ Rees, Dai (14 Apr 2017). "Inventive Step: The Stories We Tell". doi:10.2139/ssrn.2952332. S2CID 145875280.
In the USA, a Markman hearing before a judge decides how a claim is to be construed and then the jury decides in another hearing whether the claim, thus construed, is inventive.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Eyre, Rebecca N.; et al. (February 2008). "Patent Claim Construction: A Survey of Federal District Court Judges" (PDF). p. 15. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
- ^ Mueller, Janice M. (November 20, 2012). "Chapter 9: Patent Infringement". Patent Law (4th ed.). Aspen Publishers. pp. 452–453. ISBN 978-1-4548-2244-8.
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