Mount Fuji: Difference between revisions
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Hi everybody. I edited this for my own enjoyment. I did not think of the other people who would want to see this. So too bad go to some other free encyclopedia someone can't just edit. |
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{{Redirect|Fujiyama|the roller coaster|Fujiyama (roller coaster)|the singer|Ichiro Fujiyama}} |
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{{Infobox mountain |
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| name = Mount Fuji |
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| photo = FujiSunriseKawaguchiko2025WP.jpg |
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| photo_caption = Mount Fuji at sunrise [[Lake Kawaguchi]] |
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| elevation_m = 3776 |
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| elevation_ref = <ref name=Japanguide/> |
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| location = [[Chūbu region]], [[Honshū]], [[Japan]] {{flagicon|Japan}} |
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| range = |
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| prominence_m = 3776 |
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| prominence_ref = <small>[[List of peaks by prominence|Ranked 35th]]</small> |
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| map = Japan |
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| label_position = |
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| map_caption = |
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| map_size = 280 |
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| coordinates_ref = |
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| lat_d = 35 | lat_m = 21 | lat_s = 28.8 | lat_NS = N |
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| long_d = 138 | long_m = 43 | long_s = 51.6 | long_EW = E |
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| coordinates = {{coord|35|21|28.8|N|138|43|51.6|E|type:mountain|display=inline,title}} |
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| topo = |
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| type = [[Stratovolcano]] |
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| volcanic_arc/belt = |
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| age = |
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| last_eruption = 1707<ref name=gvp-history>{{cite gvp|vnum=0803-03=&volpage=erupt|title=Fuji: Eruptive History}}</ref> |
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| first_ascent = 663 by an anonymous monk |
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| easiest_route = [[Hiking]] |
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| listing = [[List of countries by highest point|Country high point]]<br>[[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]] |
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}} |
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{{nihongo|'''Mount Fuji'''|富士山|Fuji-san|extra={{IPA-ja|ɸɯꜜdʑisaɴ|IPA|Fuji-san.ogg}}}} is the highest [[mountain]] in [[Japan]] at {{Convert|3776|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Japanguide>{{Cite web |
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| url = http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2172.html |
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| title = Mount Fuji |
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| publisher = Japan-guide.com}}</ref> Along with [[Mount Tate]] and [[Mount Haku]], it is one of Japan's "Three Holy Mountains" (三霊山 Sanreizan). An [[active volcano]]<ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9035578/Mount-Fuji |
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| title = Mount Fuji |
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| accessdate = 17 October 2009 |
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| publisher = Britannica Online}}</ref> that last erupted in 1707–08, Mount Fuji is just west of [[Tokyo]], and can be seen on a clear day. Mount Fuji's exceptionally symmetrical cone is a well-known symbol of Japan and it is frequently depicted in art and photographs, as well as visited by sightseers and climbers. |
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==Name== |
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===Etymology=== |
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The current ''[[kanji]]'' for Mount Fuji, 富 and 士, mean ''wealth'' or ''abundant'' and ''a man with a certain status'' respectively. However, these characters are probably [[ateji]], meaning that the [[logogram|characters]] were likely selected because their pronunciations match the syllables of the name but do not carry a particular meaning. |
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The origin of the name ''Fuji'' is unclear. A text of the 10th century ''[[The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter|Tale of the Bamboo Cutter]]'' says that the name came from {{nihongo|"immortal"|不死|fushi, fuji}} and also from the image of {{nihongo|abundant|富|fu}} {{nihongo|soldiers|士|shi, ji}}<ref>Although the word 士 can mean a {{nihongo|soldier|兵士|heishi, heiji}}, or a {{nihongo|samurai|武士|bushi}}, its original meaning is ''a man with a certain status''.</ref> ascending the slopes of the mountain.<ref>[http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/taketori/AnoTake.html Japanese Text Initiative the''Taketori monogatari'']</ref> An early [[folk etymology]] claims that ''Fuji'' came from 不二 (''not'' + ''two''), meaning ''without equal'' or ''nonpareil''. Another claims that it came from 不尽 (''not'' + ''exhaust''), meaning ''neverending''. |
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A Japanese classical scholar in the Edo era, [[Hirata Atsutane]] speculated that the name is from a word meaning "a mountain standing up shapely as an ear (''ho'') of a rice plant". A British missionary John Batchelor (1854–1944) argued that the name is from the [[Ainu language|Ainu]] word for 'fire' (''fuchi'') of the fire deity ([[Kamui Fuchi]]), which was denied by a Japanese linguist [[Kyōsuke Kindaichi]] (1882–1971) on the grounds of phonetic development ([[sound change]]). It is also pointed out that ''huchi'' means an 'old woman' and ''ape'' is the word for 'fire', ''ape huchi kamuy'' being the fire deity. Research on the distribution of place names that include ''fuji'' as a part also suggest the origin of the word ''fuji'' is in the [[Yamato people|Yamato]] language rather than Ainu. A Japanese toponymist Kanji Kagami argued that the name has the same root as '[[wisteria]]' (''fuji'') and 'rainbow' (''niji'', but with an alternative word ''fuji''), and came from its "long well-shaped slope".<ref>[http://www.city.fujinomiya.shizuoka.jp/e-museum/fujiyama/furufuji4.htm 富士山の名前の由来<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://tisen.jp/tisenwiki/index.php?%C9%D9%BB%CE%BB%B3 富士山 - 知泉Wiki<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www5f.biglobe.ne.jp/~genn/sub5.html 地名・富士山の意味<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~hi5k-stu/aynu/huji.htm 富士山アイヌ語語源説について<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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===Variations=== |
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Fuji-san is often referred to in Western texts as '''Fujiyama''' or even, redundantly, as Mount Fujiyama, but this [[Kanji#Readings|reading]] is not correct in standard Japanese.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.japaneselifestyle.com.au/travel/mount_fuji_name.html|title=Mount Fuji Name Variations|publisher=Japanese Lifestyle}}</ref> |
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In [[Nihon-shiki romanization|Nihon-shiki]] and [[Kunrei-shiki romanization]], the name is transliterated as ''Huzi''. Other Japanese names for Mount Fuji, which have become obsolete or poetic, include Fuji-no-Yama (ふじの山, ''the Mountain of Fuji''), Fuji-no-Takane (ふじの高嶺, ''the High Peak of Fuji''), Fuyō-hō (芙蓉峰, ''the Lotus Peak''), and Fugaku (富岳 or 富嶽, the first character of 富士, ''Fuji'', and 岳, ''mountain''). |
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==History== |
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[[Image:October 2007 Fuji Mt.JPG|thumb|right|Mount Fuji wreathed in clouds]] |
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Mount Fuji is an attractive [[volcanic cone]] and a frequent subject of [[Japanese art]]. Among the most renowned works are [[Hokusai]]'s ''[[36 Views of Mount Fuji (Hokusai)|36 Views of Mount Fuji]]'' and his ''One Hundred Views of Mount Fuji''. The mountain is mentioned in Japanese literature throughout the ages and is the subject of many poems. |
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It is thought that the first ascent was in 663 by an anonymous monk. The summit has been thought of as sacred since ancient times and was forbidden to women until the [[Meiji period|Meiji Era]]. Ancient samurai used the base of the mountain as a remote training area, near the present day town of [[Gotemba, Shizuoka|Gotemba]]. The [[shogun]] [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]] held ''[[yabusame]]'' in the area in the early [[Kamakura period]]. |
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The first ascent by a foreigner was by Sir [[Rutherford Alcock]] in September 1860, from the foot of the mountain to the top in eight hours and three hours for the descent.<ref name = alcock>{{cite book |
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| authorlink = Rutherford Alcock |
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| first = Rutherford |
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| last = Alcock |
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| year = 1863 |
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| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=79QMAAAAIAAJ&dq=alcock+Tycoon&lr=&client=firefox-a&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 |
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| title = The Capital of the Tycoon: A Narrative of Three Years Residence in Japan |
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| volume = I |
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| location = London |
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| publisher = [[Longman|Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green]]}}</ref>{{rp|427}} Alcock's brief narrative in ''The Capital of the Tycoon'' was the first widely disseminated description of the mountain in the West.<ref name = alcock />{{rp|421-7}} Lady Fanny Parkes, the wife of British ambassador Sir [[Harry Smith Parkes|Harry Parkes]], was the first non-Japanese woman to ascend Mount Fuji in 1867.<ref>Cortazzi, Hugh ''et al.'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=bLI9AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=hugh+cortazzi&lr=&client=firefox-a&sig=ACfU3U29LWcjU7K8hQzLTwyScRVDuQA1Nw#PPA99,M1 ''Britain and Japan, 1859-1991,'' pp. 99]-100.</ref> Photographer [[Felix Beato]] climbed Mount Fuji in that same year.<ref>{{cite book |
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| last1 = Tucker |
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| first1 = Anne Wilkes |
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| last2 = et al |
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| year = 2003 |
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| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=gQkHWBEbFxIC&pg=PT56&lpg=PT56&dq=felix+beato+mount+fuji&source=web&ots=y15nZbhkQe&sig=D78gd1JZng9AnLTo7Ou7s-DOLgU&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPT56,M1 |
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| title = The History of Japanese Photography |
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| page = 30}}</ref> |
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Today, Mount Fuji is an international destination for tourism and mountain-climbing.<ref name="climbing">[http://www.ibarakijets.org/guides/fujiguide.pdf Climbing Mount Fuji?; route maps, pp. 4–5.]</ref> In the early 20th century, populist educator [[Frederick Starr]]'s [[Chautauqua]] lectures about his several ascents of Mount Fuji—1913, 1919, and 1923—were widely known in America.<ref>{{cite news |
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| url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00911F73D5D15738DDDA80894D8415B838EF1D3&scp=1242&sq=frederick+starr&st=p |
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| title = Starr Tells of Escape; American Scientist Found Refuge in a Tokio Temple |
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| work = [[New York Times]] |
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| location = New York |
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|date=1 October 1923}}</ref> A well-known Japanese saying suggests that anybody would be a fool not to climb Mount Fuji once—but a fool to do so twice.<ref>{{citation |
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| last = Tuckerman |
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| first = Mike |
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| url = http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1529 |
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| title = Climbing Mount Fuji |
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| publisher= Japan Visitor}}</ref><ref>{{citation |
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| last = Bremmer |
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| first = Brian |
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| url = http://www.businessweek.com/1997/37/b3544146.htm |
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| title = Mastering Mt. Fuji |
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| work = [[Business Week]] |
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|date=15 September 1997}}</ref> It remains a popular [[meme]] in Japanese culture, including making numerous movie appearances,<ref>{{cite video |
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| title = [[Bloody Spear at Mount Fuji]] (血槍富士 Chiyari Fuji) |
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| date = 1955 |
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| last = Uchida |
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| first = Tomu |
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| authorlink = [[Tomu Uchida]]}}</ref> inspiring the [[Infiniti]] logo,<ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://cases.lippincott-margulies.com/cgi-bin/WebObjects/LMCases.woa/wa/viewcaseid?1000509 |
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| publisher = [[Lippincott]] |
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| title = Launching Infiniti}}</ref> and even appearing in medicine with the [[Mount Fuji sign]].<ref name="pmid10987907">{{cite journal |author=Sadeghian H |title=Mount Fuji sign in tension pneumocephalus |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=57 |issue=9 |pages=1366 |year=2000 |month=September |pmid=10987907 |doi= |url=http://archneur.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10987907}}</ref><ref name="pmid15115834">{{cite journal |author=Heckmann JG, Ganslandt O |title=Images in clinical medicine. The Mount Fuji sign |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=350 |issue=18 |pages=1881 |year=2004 |month=April |pmid=15115834 |doi=10.1056/NEJMicm020479 |url=http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=15115834&promo=ONFLNS19}}</ref> |
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In September 2004, the manned [[weather station]] at the summit was closed after 72 years in operation. Observers monitored radar sweeps that detected typhoons and heavy rains. The station, which was the highest in Japan at {{convert|3780|m}}, was replaced by a fully-automated meteorological system.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-99846953.html|title=WEATHER STATION ON MT. FUJI CLOSES|publisher=United Press International|date=2004-09-30|accessdate=2010-01-05}}</ref> |
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As of 2006, the [[Japan Self-Defense Forces]] and the [[United States Marine Corps]] continue to operate military bases near Mount Fuji. |
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==Geography== |
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[[Image:Skyscrapers of Shinjuku 2009 January.jpg|thumb|right|Mount Fuji as viewed across the [[Tokyo]] skyscape]] |
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Mount Fuji is a distinctive feature of the [[geography of Japan]]. It stands {{convert|3776|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high and is located near the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] coast of central [[Honshū]], just west of Tokyo. It straddles the boundary of [[Shizuoka Prefecture|Shizuoka]] and [[Yamanashi Prefecture|Yamanashi]] [[Prefectures of Japan|prefectures]]. Three small cities surround it: Gotemba to the south, [[Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi|Fujiyoshida]] to the north, and [[Fujinomiya, Shizuoka|Fujinomiya]] to the southwest. It is also surrounded by five lakes: [[Lake Kawaguchi]], [[Lake Yamanaka]], [[Saiko, Yamanashi|Lake Sai]], [[Lake Motosu]] and [[Lake Shoji]].<ref name=gvp>{{cite gvp|vnum=0803-03=|title=Fuji}}</ref> They, and nearby [[Lake Ashi]], provide excellent views of the mountain. The mountain is part of the [[Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park]]. It can be seen more distantly from [[Yokohama]], [[Tokyo]], and sometimes as far as [[Chiba, Chiba|Chiba]], [[Saitama, Saitama|Saitama]], and [[Lake Hamana]] when the sky is clear. |
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The climate is very cold due to the altitude, and the cone is covered by snow for several months of the year. The lowest recorded temperature is −38.0 °C while on June 2008 the highest temperature was recorded at 17.8 °C.<ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/rank_s.php?prec_no=49&prec_ch=%8ER%97%9C%8C%A7&block_no=47639&block_ch=%95x%8Em%8ER&year=&month=&day=&elm=rank&view= |
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| title = Record Yearly Values |
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| language = japanese |
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| publisher = [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |
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| accessdate = 29 June 2008}}</ref> |
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[[File:Ogata Gekko - Ryu sho ten edit.jpg|thumb|left|200px||A [[ukiyo-e]] print of Mount Fuji from [[Ogata Gekkō]]'s ''Views of Mount Fuji''.]] |
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===Aokigahara=== |
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{{main|Aokigahara}} |
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The [[forest]] at the base of the mountain is named [[Aokigahara]]. Folk tales and legends tell of [[demon]]s, [[ghost]]s, and [[goblin]]s haunting the forest, and in the 19th century, Aokigahara was one of many places poor families abandoned the very young and the very old.<ref>{{cite news |
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| url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japans-harvest-of-death-635356.html |
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| title = Japan's harvest of death |
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| work = [[The Independent]] |
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| locaiton = London |
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|date=24 October 2000}}</ref> Aokigahara is the world’s second most popular suicide location after [[San Francisco]]’s [[Golden Gate Bridge]].<ref name="Amazeen">{{citation |
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| last = Amazeen |
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| first = Sandy |
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| url = http://books.monstersandcritics.com/nonfiction/reviews/article_1070655.php/Book_Review_Cliffs_of_Despair_A_Journey_to_Suicides_Edge |
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| title = Book Review: Cliffs of Despair A Journey to Suicide's Edge |
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| publisher = [[Monsters & Critics]] |
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|date=21 December 2005}}</ref> Since the 1950s, more than 500 people have lost their lives in the forest, mostly suicides.<ref name="Amazeen"/> Approximately 30 suicides have been counted yearly, with a high of nearly 80 bodies in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |
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| last = Hadfield |
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| first = Peter |
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| url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2000/11/05/waoki05.xml |
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| title = Japan struggles with soaring death toll in Suicide Forest |
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| work = [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |
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| location = London |
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|date=16 June 2001}}</ref> The recent increase in suicides prompted local officials to erect signs that attempt to convince potential suicides to re-think their desperate plans, and sometimes these messages have proven effective.<ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20080224TDY03303.htm |
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| title = Sign saves lives of 29 suicidal people |
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| publisher = Daily Yomuri Online |
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|date=24 February 2008}}</ref> The numbers of suicides in the past creates an allure that has persisted across the span of decades.<ref>{{cite journal |
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| last = Yoshitomo |
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| first = Takahashi |
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| url = http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ383602&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ383602 |
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| title = Aokigahara-jukai: Suicide and Amnesia in Mt. Fuji's Black Forest |
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| journal = Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior |
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| volume = 18 |
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| number = 2 |
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| pages = 164–75 |
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| date = Summer 1988}}</ref><ref>{{citation |
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| last = Davisson |
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| first = Jack |
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| url = http://www.seekjapan.jp/article-1/767/The+Suicide+Woods+of+Mt.+Fuji |
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| title = The Suicide Woods of Mt. Fuji |
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| publisher = Japazine}}</ref> |
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Due to the dense forest and rugged inaccessibility, the forest has also attracted thrill seekers. Many of these hikers marked their travelled routes by leaving coloured plastic tapes behind, causing concerns from prefectural officials with regard to the forest's ecosystem.<ref>{{cite web|last=Okado|first=Yuki|url=http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200805020328.html|title=Intruders tangle 'suicide forest' with tape|work=[[Asahi Shimbun]]|date=3 May 2008|accessdate=2008-05-03}}</ref> |
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==Adventuring== |
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===Transportation=== |
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The closest airport with scheduled international service is [[Shizuoka Airport|Mt. Fuji Shizuoka Airport]]. It opened in June 2009. It is about {{convert|80|km|sigfig=1}} from Mount Fuji.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pref.shizuoka.jp/kuukou/contents/english/en_information.htm|title=Mt. Fuji Shiozuoka Airport Basic Information|publisher=Shizuoka Prefecture}}</ref> The major international airports serving Tokyo, [[Tokyo International Airport|Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport)]] in Tokyo and [[Narita International Airport]] in Chiba, are some hours from Mount Fuji. |
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On 5 March 1966, [[BOAC Flight 911]], a [[Boeing 707]], broke up in flight and crashed near Mount Fuji Gotemba New fifth station, shortly after departure from Tokyo International Airport. All 113 passengers and 11 crew members were killed in the disaster, which was attributed to extreme [[clear air turbulence]] caused by [[lee waves]] downwind of the mountain. There is now a memorial for the crash a little way down from the Gotemba New fifth station.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660305-1|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-436 G-APFE Mount Fuji|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> |
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===Climbing routes=== |
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[[Image:MtFujiSunrise.jpg|thumb|right|Sunrise on Mount Fuji]] |
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An estimated 200,000 people climb Mount Fuji every year, 30 percent of whom are foreigners. The most popular period for people to hike up Mount Fuji is from 1 July to 27 August, while huts and other facilities are operating. Buses to the fifth station start running on 1 July. Climbing from October to May is very strongly discouraged, after a number of high-profile deaths.<ref name="offseason">[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-d6flBDoQ8''Video: Climbing Mount Fuji, Japan in May (closed season)''] at Youtube.com</ref> Some climb the mountain at night in order to be in a position at or near the summit when the sun rises.<ref>{{cite news |
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| last = Glass |
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| first = Kathy |
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| url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE6DB1231F935A1575BC0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1 |
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| title = Climbing Mount Fuji By Night |
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| work = New York Times |
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|date=26 August 1990}}</ref> |
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There are four major routes from the fifth station to the summit with an additional four routes from the foot of the mountain. The major routes from the fifth station are (clockwise) the Lake Kawaguchi, Subashiri, [[Gotemba]], and [[Fujinomiya]] routes. The routes from the foot of the mountain are the Shojiko, Yoshida, Suyama, and Murayama routes. The stations on different routes are at different elevations. The highest fifth station is located at Fujinomiya, followed by Kawaguchi, Subashiri, and Gotemba.<!-- 2400, 2305, 2000 and 1440 meters from sea level--> |
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Even though it is only the second highest fifth stations, the Kawaguchiko route is the most popular route because of its large parking area and many large mountain huts where a climber can rest or stay. During the summer season, most Mount Fuji climbing tour buses arrive there. The next popular is the Fujinomiya route which has the highest fifth station, followed by Subashiri and Gotemba. |
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[[Image:Mount Fuji - Switchbacks and Retaining Walls, May 2004.jpg|thumb|left|Switchbacks and retaining walls along the trail reduce erosion from the large number of climbers.]] |
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Even though most climbers do not climb the Subashiri and Gotemba routes, many descend these because of their ash-covered paths. From the seventh station to near the fifth station, one could run down these ash-covered paths in approximately 30 minutes. |
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Besides these routes, there are tractor routes along the climbing routes. These tractor routes are used to bring food and other materials to huts on the mountain. Because the tractors usually take up most of the width of these paths and they tend to push large rocks from the side of the path, the tractor paths are off-limits to the climbers on sections that are not merged with the climbing or descending paths. Nevertheless, one can sometimes see people riding mountain bikes along the tractor routes down from the summit. This is particularly risky, as it becomes difficult to control speed and may send some rocks rolling along the side of the path, which may hit other people. |
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The four routes from the foot of the mountain offer historical sites. The Murayama is the oldest Mount Fuji route and the Yoshida route still has many old shrines, teahouses, and huts along its path. These routes are gaining popularity recently and are being restored, but climbing from the foot of the mountain is still relatively uncommon. Also, [[Asiatic Black Bear|bears]] have been sighted along the Yoshida route. |
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The ascent from the new fifth station can take anywhere between three and eight hours while the descent can take from two to five hours. The hike from the foot of the mountain is divided into 10 stations, and there are paved roads up to the fifth station, which is about {{convert|2300|m|ft}} above sea level. |
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[[Image:GlidingAtFuji.jpg|thumb|right|Paraglider at South side, view from Gotenba]] |
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Huts at and above the fifth stations are usually manned during the climbing season, but huts below fifth stations are not usually manned for climbers. The number of open huts on routes are proportional to the number of climbers—Kawaguchiko has the most while Gotemba has the least. The huts along the Gotemba route also tend to start later and close earlier than those along the Kawaguchiko route. Also, because Mount Fuji is designated as a national park, it is illegal to tent above the fifth station. |
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There are eight peaks around the crater at the summit. The highest point in Japan is where the [[Mount Fuji Radar System]] used to be. Climbers are able to visit each of these peaks. |
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===Paragliding=== |
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[[Paraglider]]s take off in the vicinity of the fifth station Gotemba parking lot, between Subashiri and Hōei-zan peak on the south side from the Mountain, in addition to several other locations depending on wind direction. Several paragliding schools use the wide sandy/grassy slope between Gotenba and Subashiri parking lots as a training hill. |
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==Geology== |
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[[Image:Mt,Fuji 2007 Winter 28000Ft.JPG|right|thumb|Aerial view of the peak of Mount Fuji]] |
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{{See|Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji|List of volcanoes in Japan}} |
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Mount Fuji is located at the [[triple junction]] where the [[Amurian Plate]], the [[Okhotsk Plate]], and the [[Philippine Sea Plate]] meet. Those plates form the western part of Japan, the eastern part of Japan, and the [[Izu Peninsula]] respectively. |
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Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mount Fuji. The first phase, called ''Sen-komitake'', is composed of an [[andesite]] core recently discovered deep within the mountain. ''Sen-komitake'' was followed by the "''Komitake'' Fuji," a [[basalt]] layer believed to be formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000 years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top of ''Komitake'' Fuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20040404f1.htm|title=Third ancient volcano discovered within Mount Fuji|work=[[Japan Times]]|date=April 4, 2004}}</ref> |
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The volcano is currently classified as active with a low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption was the [[Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji|Hōei eruption]] which started on December 16, 1707 (''[[Hōei]] 4, 23rd day of the 11th month'') and ended about January 1, 1708 (''Hōei 4, 9th day of the 12th month'') during the [[Edo period]].<ref>[http://sk01.ed.shizuoka.ac.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/1707.html Shikuoka University page;] ''see'' Japanese Wikipedia.</ref> The eruption formed a new [[Volcanic crater|crater]] and a second peak (named ''Hōei-zan'' after the [[Hoei|Hoei era]]) halfway down its side. Fuji spewed cinders and ash which fell like rain in [[Izu province|Izu]], [[Kai province|Kai]], [[Sagami province|Sagami]], and [[Musashi province|Musashi]].<ref>{{cite book |
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| chapter = Siyun-sai Rin-siyo |
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| authorlink = Hayashi Gahō |
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| author = Hayashi Gahō |
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| year = 1652 |
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| title = [[Nipon o daï itsi ran]] |
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| in = [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]] (1834). "Annales des empereurs du Japon." Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Society of Great Britain and Ireland]]. p416 |
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| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Cg8oAAAAMAAJ&printsec=titlepage&dq=editions:OCLC63259938#PRA1-PA416,M1}}</ref> Since then, there have been no signs of an eruption. |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
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File:Mount Fuji from Lake Kawaguchi.jpg|Mount Fuji on a bright sunny day from [[Lake Kawaguchi]] |
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Image:mountfujiNASA.jpg|Image of Mount Fuji taken by [[NASA]]. |
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Image:Mountfujijapan.jpg|Mount Fuji with a [[Shinkansen]] and [[Sakura]] blossoms in the foreground |
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Image:Mount Fuji from mount tanjo.jpg|Mount Fuji seen from [[Mount Tanjo]] on a clear day in mid-October |
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Image:FujiCloseView.jpg| Mount Fuji from a 5th Station parking lot, December 30, 2006 |
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Image:Fujisan1.JPG|Snow capped top of the Mount Fuji seen from high-speed shinkansen train on the Toukaidou line |
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Image:Fujisan2.JPG|Mount Fuji seen from high-speed shinkansen train on the Toukaidou line |
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Image:Fujisan3.JPG|Mount Fuji with an urbanized landscape of Shizuoka prefecture in the foreground |
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Image:Satta yukei.jpg|[[Yui, Shizuoka]]. From right to left: [[Suruga Bay]], [[Tōmei Expressway]], [[Japan National Route 1|National Route 1]], [[Tōkaidō Main Line]] |
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File:USS CURTIS WILBUR (DDG 54) Mount Fuji.jpg|Mount Fuji from the Pacific Ocean fronted by [[USS Curtis Wilbur (DDG 54)|USS ''Curtis Wilbur'' (DDG 54)]] |
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Image:Mt Fuji From Arahata Tokorozawa.jpg|Mount Fuji in winter from Arahata Shrine, Tokorozawa, Japan |
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</gallery> |
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'''View from the top'''<br> |
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<gallery> |
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Image:MtFujiTorii.jpg|[[Torii]] near summit of Mount Fuji |
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Image:View from fuji mountain south slope crop.jpg|View from Mount Fuji south slope crop{{?}} |
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Image:Shadow of Fuji 1974.jpg|Shadow of Mount Fuji on the upper side of the cloud-layer |
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</gallery> |
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'''Non-photographic images'''<br /> |
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<gallery> |
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File:Great Wave off Kanagawa2.jpg|''[[The Great Wave off Kanagawa]]'' (1832), from ''[[36 Views of Mount Fuji (Hokusai)|36 Views of Mount Fuji]]'', by [[Hokusai]] |
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Image:Red Fuji southern wind clear morning.jpg|''Red Fuji'' by Hokusai |
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Image:Hodogaya on the Tokaido.jpg|''Hodogaya on the Tokaido Road'' by Hokusai |
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Image:23 - The Sea off Satta.jpg|''The sea off Satta, Suruga'' (''Suruga Satta no Kaijō'') by [[Hiroshige]] (1859) |
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Image:Hiroshige Mt Fuji seen across a plain.jpg|''Mount Fuji seen across a plain'' by Hiroshige |
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Image:Hiroshige, Sugura street.jpg|''Surugacho (Suruga Street)'' (1856), from ''One Hundred Famous Views of [[Edo]]'' by Hiroshige, depicting the [[Mitsui|Echigoya]] [[kimono]] and money exchange store with Mount Fuji in background |
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Image:Position of Mount Fuji.png|The position of Mount Fuji is indicated by a yellow dot |
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</gallery> |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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* [[Frederick Starr|Starr]], Frederick. (1924). [http://books.google.com/books?id=zWVCAAAAIAAJ&q=starr+climbing+mount+fuji&dq=starr+climbing+mount+fuji&lr=&client=firefox-a&pgis=1 ''Fujiyama, the Sacred Mountain of Japan.''] Chicago: Covici-McGee. [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/4249926 OCLC 4249926] |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons|Mt. Fuji}} |
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{{external links|date=December 2009}} |
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*[http://www.pref.shizuoka.jp/~live/ Shizuoka prefecture Fujisan view system] |
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*[http://www.fujigoko.tv/english/ Live Webcams of Mount Fuji] |
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* {{wikitravel}} |
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* [http://www.pdmz.com/fuji.html PDMZ.com's year-round pictures of Mt. Fuji] |
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* [http://www.panmap.com/japan/fuji/kawaguchi/panmap.html Kawaguchi Lake Immersive Virtual Tour] |
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* [http://www.sizenken.biodic.go.jp/pc/live_en/cgi-bin/live.cgi?camera=18&area=04 Mt. Fuji as viewed from Lake Tanuki] |
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* [http://www.sizenken.biodic.go.jp/pc/move/cgi-bin/move_main.cgi?camera=101 Mt. Fuji as viewed from Biodiversity Center of Japan] |
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* [http://www.biodic.go.jp/fuji1/fuji_e.html The latest Mt. Fuji] |
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* [http://www.nurs.or.jp/~h_ozawa/fuji/index-e.html Pictures of routes up Mount Fuji] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Fuji}} |
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[[Category:Active volcanoes]] |
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[[Category:Izu-Bonin volcanic arc]] |
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[[Category:Mountains of Shizuoka Prefecture]] |
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[[Category:Mountains of Yamanashi Prefecture]] |
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[[Category:Natural monuments of Japan]] |
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[[Category:Pleistocene volcanism]] |
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[[Category:Sacred mountains]] |
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[[Category:Stratovolcanoes]] |
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[[Category:Subduction volcanoes]] |
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[[Category:Triple junctions]] |
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[[Category:VEI-5 volcanoes]] |
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[[Category:Visitor attractions in Shizuoka Prefecture]] |
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[[Category:Visitor attractions in Yamanashi Prefecture]] |
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[[Category:Volcanoes of Honshū]] |
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[[Category:Special Places of Scenic Beauty]] |
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Revision as of 16:07, 17 March 2010
Hi everybody. I edited this for my own enjoyment. I did not think of the other people who would want to see this. So too bad go to some other free encyclopedia someone can't just edit.