Muscina stabulans
| Muscina stabulans | |
|---|---|
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| Muscina stabulans male | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Muscidae |
| Genus: | Muscina |
| Species: | M. stabulans
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| Binomial name | |
| Muscina stabulans | |
| Synonyms | |
Muscina stabulans (formerly Curtonevra stabulans), commonly known as the false stable fly, is a fly from the family Muscidae.[1][2]
Description
[edit]As an adult, Muscina stabulans has partially reddish-brown legs, four characteristic dark stripes along the thorax region, and a pale spot above the thorax. These flies average 8 millimeters (0.3 inches) in length.[3] The abdomen is either entirely black or black with red sides. Its head ranges in color from a dark-grey to a whitish hue.[4] Circular spiracular plates can be found separated by about one plate's width in the posterior area.[5]
Larvae are dullish-white in colour, 6–7 mm long and 1–1.5 mm wide. They consist of 11 segments, with all but the last having a belt of small, well-developed spines going towards the posterior margins. The pseudo-cephalic segment has two hooks. The posterior spiracles have curved spiracular slits.[6]
Habitat
[edit]The false stable fly was found in a study determining synanthropy (ecological association with humans) of adult Muscidae collected in urban, rural and natural environments in Valdivia, Chile. According to the study, M. stabulans are mostly found in rural and natural neighborhoods, and rarely inhabit cities.[7] The distribution of Muscina species tends to be spread throughout the United States. For the most part, M. stabulans is active year-round, but fly activity tends to peak in the summer months, when the number of generation cycles also peak.
The habitat of M. stabulans is similar to that of the house fly, Musca domestica. False stable flies have been spotted in animal housing, such as poultry houses, as well as in the mucosal linings of mammalian intestines. They can be found on carrion in various decomposition stages, but they exhibit a strong preference for the later stages of decomposition. They are able to reach a buried body in shallow ground through several inches of dirt.[8]
Diet
[edit]Larvae of false stable fly consume various kinds of decomposing material, including fruit, fungi, excrement and carrion.[9]
Myiasis
[edit]There have been rare instances of myiasis linked to M. stabulans. A twenty-year-old male from a rural part of India was reported with a rare case of intestinal myiasis. Symptoms included abdominal discomfort, bloated abdomen, and intestinal hurrying[clarify] after meals. His stool sample was watery and contained sparse fecal matter, but it was littered with maggots. A repeat sample two hours later also displayed positive signs of maggots. These maggots were submitted to the Vector Control Research Center (VCRC) in Puducherry and identified as M. stabulans.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Gregor, F.; Rozkosny, R.; Bartak, M.; Vanhara, J. (2002). The Muscidae (Diptera) of Central Europe. Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis. Vol. 107. Masaryk.: Masaryk University. pp. 280pp.
- ^ D'Assis Fonseca, E.C.M. (1968). Diptera Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata: Muscidae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects. Vol. 10. London.: Royal Entomological Society of London. pp. 118pp.
- ^ "False Stable Fly." North Carolina IPM. 20 Mar. 2009 <http://ipm.ncsu.edu/AG369/notes/false_stable_fly.html>
- ^ "Fly Control In Confined Livestock And Poultry Production - Novartis Animal Health Inc." The Control Of Flies On Livestock And Poultry Farms - Novartis Animal Health Inc. 20 Mar. 2009
- ^ Gary R. Mullen; Lance A. Durden (2002). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Elsevier. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-08-053607-1.
- ^ a b Srinivasan, R; Sureshbabu, L; Chand, P; Shanmugam, J; Gopal, R; Shivekar, S; Senthil, K (2008). "Intestinal myiasis caused by Muscina stabulans". Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 26 (1): 83–5. doi:10.1016/S0255-0857(21)02003-X. hdl:1807/53547. PMID 18227609.
- ^ Figueroa-Roa, Luis; Linhares, Arício X. (October 2004). "Synanthropy of Muscidae (Diptera) in the city of Valdivia, Chile". Neotropical Entomology. 33 (5): 647–651. doi:10.1590/S1519-566X2004000500016.
- ^ "Muscina." Página Inicial. Ed. Marcelo Campos Pereira. University of Sao Paulo; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Department of Parasitology. 11 Mar. 2009 <http://www.icb.usp.br/~marcelcp/muscina.htm>
- ^ "Factsheet - Muscina stabulans". keys.lucidcentral.org. Retrieved 2023-01-04.