Numerical method
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In numerical analysis, a numerical method is a mathematical tool designed to solve numerical problems. The implementation of a numerical method with an appropriate convergence check in a programming language is called a numerical algorithm.
Mathematical definition
Let be a well-posed problem, i.e. is a real or complex functional relationship, defined on the cross-product of an input data set and an output data set , such that exists a locally lipschitz function called resolvent, which has the property that for every root of , . We define numerical method for the approximation of , the sequence of problems
with , and for every . The problems of which the method consists need not be well-posed. If they are, the method is said to be stable or well-posed.[1]
Consistency
Necessary conditions for a numerical method to effectively approximate are that and that behaves like when . So, a numerical method is called consistent if and only if the sequence of functions pointwise converges to on the set of its solutions:
When on the method is said to be strictly consistent.[1]
Convergence
Denote by a sequence of admissible perturbations of for some numerical method (i.e. ) and with the value such that . A condition which the method has to satisfy to be a meaningful tool for solving the problem is convergence:
One can easily prove that the point-wise convergence of to implies the convergence of the associated method is function.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Quarteroni, Sacco, Saleri (2000). Numerical Mathematics (PDF). Milano: Springer. p. 33. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-14. Retrieved 2016-09-27.
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