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Phase-out of polystyrene foam

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In the late 20th and early 21st century, there has been a global movement towards the phase-out of polystyrene foam. Full or partial bans of expanded polystyrene foam have been enacted nationwide in many countries around the world. Polystyrene foam bans have also been enacted at the sub-national or local level in many countries.

Legislation around the world

Phase out of polystyrene foam around the world (laws passed but not yet in effect are not shown on map)
  Polystyrene foam banned
  Partial ban

Summary

Country Legislation Year References
 Andorra Ban 2023 [1]
 Aruba Ban 2019 [2]
 Antigua and Barbuda Ban 2017-2019 [3]
 Australia Ban 2022 [4]
 Austria (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Bahamas Ban 2020 [6]
 Barbados Ban 2020 [7]
 Belgium (EU) Ban 2021 [5][8]
 Belize Ban 2019 [9]
 Bonaire Ban 2022 [10]
 Bulgaria (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Chile Ban 2022 [11]
 Costa Rica Ban 2021 [12]
 Croatia (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Cyprus (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Czech Republic (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Denmark (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Dominica Ban 2018 [13]
 Ecuador Ban 2022 [14]
 Estonia (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Fiji Ban 2021 [15]
 Finland (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 France (EU) Ban 2021 [5][16]
 Germany (EU) Ban 2021 [5][17]
 Greece (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Grenada Ban 2018 [18]
 Guyana Ban 2016 [19]
 Haiti Ban 2012 [20]
 Hungary (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Iceland Ban 2021 [21]
 India Ban 2022 [22]
 Ireland (EU) Ban 2021 [5][23]
 Italy (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Jamaica Ban 2020 [24]
 Latvia (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Lithuania (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Luxembourg (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Macau Ban 2021 [25]
 Maldives Ban 2022 [26]
 Malta (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Marshall Islands Ban 2017 [27]
 Mauritius Ban 2021 [28]
 Micronesia Ban 2020 [29]
 Monaco Ban 2021 [30]
 Netherlands (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 New Zealand Ban 2022 [31]
 Niue Ban 2018 [32]
 Papua New Guinea Ban 2018 [32]
 Peru Ban 2021 [33]
 Poland (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Portugal (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Romania (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Saint Lucia Ban 2019 [34]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Ban 2017 [35]
 Samoa Ban 2018 [32]
 Seychelles Ban 2017 [36]
 Sint Eustatius Ban 2021 [37]
 Slovakia (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Slovenia (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Spain (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Sri Lanka Ban 2021 [38]
 Suriname Ban 2019 [39]
 Sweden (EU) Ban 2021 [5]
 Taiwan Ban 2022 [40]
 Thailand Ban 2022 [41]
 Trinidad and Tobago Ban 2019 [42]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Ban 2019 [43]
 Tuvalu Ban 2019 [44]
 Vanuatu Ban 2018 [32]
 Zimbabwe Ban 2017 [45]

Phaseout in the United States

Polystyrene foam legislation in the United States
  Polystyrene foam banned

As of 2022, eight U.S. states and one territory have passed legislation to ban polystyrene foam. Maryland was the first state to institute a ban which went into effect on October 1, 2020.[46] In Maine, a ban on polystyrene foam went into effect on July 1, 2021.[47] Vermont passed a ban on polystyrene in 2019, which went into full effect on July 1, 2021.[48] New York's ban went into effect on January 1, 2022.[49] New Jersey's ban on polystyrene foam was passed in 2020 and went into effect on May 4, 2022.[50] Colorado's ban on polystyrene foam was passed in 2021, with the ban taking effect on January 1, 2024.[51] Virginia's ban on polystyrene foam takeout containers was passed by the Virginia General Assembly in 2021 and will go into effect for large businesses by July 2028 and for small businesses by July 2030.[52] In 2021, Washington also passed a polystyrene ban, taking effect in 2023.[53]

On January 1, 2016, Washington, D.C. banned polystyrene foam takeout containers. On January 1, 2021, the ban was expanded to include retail sale of polystyrene foam.[54]

In California, the legislature passed SB54 in June 2022 as the Plastic Pollution Prevention and Packaging Producer Responsibility Act.[55] The law codifies extended producer responsibility (EPR) requirements for plastics, including a requirement that polystyrene be banned if recycling rates do not reach 25% by 2025. Recycling rates averaged 6% at passage, leading some to call the law a 'de facto ban', anticipating an inability to comply within three years.[56] At least 128 cities in California have an existing polystyrene ban in some form.[57] The City of Berkeley, California, passed the nation's first polystyrene foodware ban in 1988, while also requiring all disposable foodware to be degradable or recyclable. The city of San Marcos, California also passed a polystyrene foam ban in 2021.[58]

Proposed legislation

As of 2022, proposed legislation banning polystyrene has passed at least one legislative chamber in two states and one territory. In Connecticut, Substitute for SB 118 passed the state Senate in April 2022.[59] The Delaware Senate passed SSB1 for SB 134 in June 2022.[60] The territory of the Northern Mariana Islands passed HB21-89 in its House of Representatives in 2020.[61]

In September 2021, Florida introduced a proposed phaseout of polystyrene foam food packaging.[62] Commissioner of Agriculture Nikki Fried, whose Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services oversees food safety in Florida, proposed a rule to phase out polystyrene in 40,000 grocery stores, food markets, convenience stores, and gas stations that the agency regulates in Florida. The Florida Legislature will consider the proposed rule in 2022.[63]

Summary

State / Territory Year Enacted Year Implemented Details References
 Colorado 2021 2024 Covers ready-to-eat food containers (including hinged containers, plates, bowls, cups, trays) from retail food establishments. CRS 25-7-506[64]
 District of Columbia 2014 2016 Covers food service products (including containers, plates, hot/cold cups) from food service businesses, including restaurants, cafes, grocery stores, food trucks, and cafeterias. Includes meat/vegetable trays, egg cartons, and other polystyrene items used to sell or provide food. Ban expanded in 2021 to include sale of packing peanuts and foam coolers. D.C. ACT 20-385[65] & D.C.ACT23-223[66]
 Maine 2019 2021 Includes food containers from retail food and eating establishments, factories, farmers' markets, and retirement/nursing homes. Covers items packed outside Maine, but shipped to the state. Polystyrene raw meat/seafood trays and egg cartons banned starting 2025. Foam coolers for seafood exempt. 38 MRSA Chapter 15-A[67]
 Maryland 2019 2020 No person may sell, and no business/school may sell or serve polystyrene food containers (containers, plates, hot/cold cups, trays). Includes egg cartons (except if shipped empty into Maryland to pack eggs, or if eggs are packed in the state for Maryland consumers). Excludes containers for raw meat/seafood, nonfoam polystyrene, or food prepackaged in polystyrene foam. Md. Code Ann., Environment §9-2201 to 9-2207[68]
 New Jersey 2020 2022 Includes food containers and serviceware (containers, plates, hot/cold cups, trays, cutlery). Includes foam egg cartons. Containers for raw meat/seafood, cups 2oz or less, long-handled polystyrene spoons, and food prepackaged in polystyrene foam banned starting 2024. Title 13:1E-00.129[69]
 New York 2020 2022 Includes food containers and serviceware (clamshell, bowl, carton, lid, plate, trays) from any food service provider, retail food store, deli, grocer, hospital, adult care/nursing home, or school. Includes packing peanuts/loose fill, sold by any manufacturer or store. Excludes containers for raw meat/seafood, food prepackaged in polystyrene foam, and rigid polystyrene. CHAPTER 43-B, ARTICLE 27, TITLE 30[70]
 Vermont 2019 2021 Includes food containers (plates, trays, hot/cold cups), and foam egg cartons. Excludes containers for raw meat/seafood, food prepackaged in polystyrene foam, and food packaged outside Vermont. 10 V.S.A. § 6696[71]
 Virginia 2021 2028 Includes any food containers for retail food establishments. Implementation by small businesses takes effect 2030. Va. Code Ann. § 10.1-1424.3 (2021)[72] & 2022 HB30, Item 377#1c [73]
 Washington 2021 2023 Sale of packing peanuts/void fill banned starting 2023. Beginning in 2024, includes any food containers (plates, bowls, trays, clamshell containers, hot/cold cups) and portable foam coolers. Excludes containers for raw meat/seafood, eggs, and produce. Excludes coolers for drugs or federally-defined medical/biological materials, or for shipping perishables from a wholesale retail establishment. RCW 70A.245.070[74]

See also

References

  1. ^ (in Catalan) https://www.diariandorra.ad/noticies/nacional/2022/08/17/govern_aprova_prohibicio_dels_plastics_sol_us_205741_1125.html
  2. ^ "Plastic ban: the law has passed". Aruba Today. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  3. ^ "STAGES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF STYROFOAM BAN". Antigua Nice. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  4. ^ "Polystyrene to be phased out next year under Australia's plastic waste plan". The Guardian. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/904 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 5 June 2019 on the reduction of the impact of certain plastic products on the environment". Publications Office of the European Union. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
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  7. ^ "Barbados joins other CARICOM countries in banning single-use plastic products". Jamaica Observer. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
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  9. ^ "Belize prepares to ban single-use plastic and Styrofoam products by April 2019". The San Pedro Sun. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  10. ^ "Styrofoam meal boxes banned on Bonaire from 1 August". BES Reporter. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  11. ^ (in Spanish) https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1163603 LEY NÚM. 21.368 REGULA LA ENTREGA DE PLÁSTICOS DE UN SOLO USO Y LAS BOTELLAS PLÁSTICAS, Y MODIFICA LOS CUERPOS LEGALES QUE INDICA
  12. ^ "Costa Rica to completely ban polystyrene due to environmental impact". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  13. ^ "Caribbean island of Dominica bans plastic and Styrofoam". CNN. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  14. ^ "Ecuador: Law on Restrictions on the Use of Plastic Enters into Force". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  15. ^ "Ban on polystyrene to start next month". The Fiji Times. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  16. ^ "France bans plastic packaging for fruits and vegetables". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  17. ^ "Germany bans single-use plastic straws, food containers". ABC News. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  18. ^ "Grenada Is Banning Styrofoam". Caribbean Journal. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
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  20. ^ "Haiti bans plastic bags and styrofoam containers". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  21. ^ "Iceland Bans Single-Use Plastics Starting in 2021". Iceland Review. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  22. ^ "Govt bans manufacture, sale and use of identified single-use plastic items from July 1, 2022". India Today. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  23. ^ "Banned from Irish shelves: Cotton bud sticks, plastic cutlery, plates, stirrers and straws". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  24. ^ "Styrofoam Ban Takes Effect". Jamaica Information Service. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  25. ^ "Macao bans polystyrene takeaway boxes from 1 January 2021". The Macao News. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  26. ^ "The Maldives bans production and sales of single-use plastics effective from 1st June 2022". Republic of Maldives Ministry of Environment, Climate Change and Technology. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  27. ^ "STYROFOAM AND PLASTIC PRODUCTS PROHIBITION ACT 2016" (PDF). Republic of the Marshall Islands Nitijela. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  28. ^ "Environment Protection (Control of Single Use Plastic Products) Regulations 2020" (PDF). Mauritius Ministry of the Environment, Solid Waste Management and Climate Change. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  29. ^ "Per Public Law 21-76, One-Time-Use Disposable Styrofoam & Plastic Food Service Items Prohibited from Importation into the FSM Beginning July 1st, 2020; Such Items Already in the FSM Can Still Be Used". FSM GOVERNMENT. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  30. ^ "Zero Waste Goals: Monaco Bans Single-use Cups and Containers". Hello Monaco Magazine. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
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  32. ^ a b c d "Several Pacific Countries Announce Bans on Single-Use Plastic Bags". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  33. ^ (in Spanish) "LEY QUE REGULA EL PLÁSTICO DE UN SOLO USO Y LOS RECIPIENTES O ENVASES DESCARTABLE". El Peruano. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
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  35. ^ "Styrofoam Ban Stakeholders Meeting". Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  36. ^ "Seychelles: Ban on Plastics Takes Effect". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  37. ^ "Ban on single use plastic now a fact". Government of Sint Eustatius. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  38. ^ "Ban on use of plastics goes into effect from March 31". Colombo Page. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  39. ^ (in Dutch) https://gov.sr/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/sb-2019-no-44-besch-min-hi-wijz-besl-negatieve-lijst.pdf TBESCHIKKING van de Minister van Handel, Industrie en Toerisme van 25 april 2019 no. 910, houdende nadere wijziging van het Besluit Negatieve Lijst
  40. ^ "Taiwan to ban polystyrene cups from July 2022". Taiwan News. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  41. ^ "Thailand's plastic ban prompts producers to be eco-friendly". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  42. ^ "Government approves ban of Styrofoam in T&T by 2019". Ministry of Planning and Development, Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  43. ^ "Ban on polystyrene comes into full effect Nov 1". Turks and Caicos Weekly News. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  44. ^ "Waste Management (Prohibition On The Importation Of Single-Use Plastic) Regulation 2019" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs and Rural Development, Government of Tuvalu. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  45. ^ "Zimbabwe bans polystyrene food packs citing health risks". Africa News. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  46. ^ "Maryland Will Ban Styrofoam Starting Oct. 1". NPR. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
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  48. ^ "Single-Use Products Law". Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  49. ^ "State ban on some materials to take effect New Year's Day". WHAM-TV. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  50. ^ "NEW JERSEY'S BAN ON SINGLE-USE PLASTIC PRODUCTS TAKES EFFECT IN ONE YEAR". New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
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  53. ^ "Washington state bans polystyrene foam, clamps down on other plastics". Retrieved 2022-09-23.
  54. ^ "Foam Free DC". DC.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  55. ^ "SB-54 Solid waste: reporting, packaging, and plastic food service ware".
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  59. ^ "Substitute for Raised S.B. No. 118 Session Year 2022".
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  61. ^ "House OKs bill to ban foam food containers".
  62. ^ "Commissioner Nikki Fried Announces Rulemaking to Phase Out Polystyrene in Florida Stores, Markets / 2021 Press Releases / Press Releases / News & Events / Home - Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services". www.fdacs.gov. Retrieved 2022-01-03.
  63. ^ BidenDecember 12, Impeach; Am, 2021 at 8:17 (2021-12-10). "Nikki Fried sending polystyrene rules to Legislature". Florida Politics - Campaigns & Elections. Lobbying & Government. Retrieved 2022-01-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  64. ^ "hb21-1162".
  65. ^ "D.C. ACT 20-385".
  66. ^ "D.C.ACT23-223".
  67. ^ "38 MRSA Chapter 15-A" (PDF).
  68. ^ "Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Food Service Products Ban".
  69. ^ "CHAPTER 117" (PDF).
  70. ^ "TITLE 30 Expanded Polystyrene Foam Container and Polystyrene Loose Fill Packaging Ban".
  71. ^ "Title 10: Conservation and Development Chapter 159: Waste Management Subchapter 1: General Provisions".
  72. ^ "§ 10.1-1424.3. Expanded polystyrene food service containers prohibited; civil penalty".
  73. ^ "Budget Amendments - HB30 (Conference Report)".
  74. ^ "Chapter 70A.245 RCW".
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