Philosophers' ships
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Philosophers' ships is the collective name of several boats that carried Soviet expellees abroad.
The main load was handled by two German boats, the Oberbürgermeister Haken and the Preussen, which transported more than 160 expelled Russian intellectuals in September and November 1922 from Petrograd to Stettin, Germany. Three detention lists included 228 people, 32 of them students.
Other intellectuals were transported in 1923 by train to Riga, Latvia or by boat from Odessa to Constantinople.
[edit] Among the expelled
- Nikolai Berdyaev
- Nikolai Lossky
- Sergei Bulgakov
- Ivan Ilyin
- Semen L. Frank
- Fyodor Stepun
- Yuly Aikhenvald
- Lev Karsavin
- Mikhail Osorgin
- Alexander Kizevetter
- Pitirim Sorokin
- Fr. Vladimir Abrikosov
[edit] Literature
- Lesley Chamberlain, Lenin's Private War: The Voyage of the Philosophy Steamer and the Exile of the Intelligentsia, St Martin's Press, 2007; ISBN 0312367309
- V. G. Makarov, V. S. Khristoforov: «Passazhiry ‹filosofskogo parokhoda›. (Sud’by intelligencii, repressirovannoj letom-osen’ju 1922g.)». // Voprosy filosofii 7 (600) 2003, p. 113-137 [contains a list with biographical information on Russian intellectuals exiled 1922-1923].
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