Flabelligeridae

Flabelligeridae; Temporal range: Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Diplocirrus glaucus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Annelida
Clade:	Pleistoannelida
Clade:	Sedentaria
Order:	Terebellida
Suborder:	Cirratuliformia
Family:	Flabelligeridae; Saint-Joseph, 1894
Type genus
	Flabelligera; Sars, 1829
Synonyms
	Poeobiidae Heath, 1930; Flotidae Buzhinskaja, 1996 (debated);

Flabelligeridae is a family of polychaete worms, known as bristle-cage worms, notable for their cephalic cage: long slender chaetae forming a fan-like arrangement surrounding the eversible (able to be turned inside-out) head.^[1]^[2] Unlike many polychaetes, they also have large, pigmented, complex eyes.^[3]^[4]

Habitat

These worms live under stones and are known to burrow into sand.^[5] They have a cosmopolitan distribution and live in a variety of marine habitats, from the deep sea to shallow coastal regions.^[6]

Subdivisions

Annenkova Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
Brada Stimpson, 1854
Bradabyssa Hartman, 1967
Daylithos Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
Diplocirrus Haase, 1915
Flabegraviera Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
Flabehlersia Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
Flabelliderma Hartman, 1969
Flabelligera Sars, 1829
Flabesymbios Salazar-Vallejo, 2012
Ilyphagus Chamberlin, 1919
†Mazopherusa (?) Hay, 2002
Pherusa Oken, 1807
Piromis Kinberg, 1867
Poeobius Heath, 1930
Pycnoderma Grube, 1877
Semiodera Chamberlin, 1919
Stylarioides Delle Chiaje, 1831 (includes Coppingeria Haswell, 1892; fide Salazar-Vallejo 2011)
Therochaeta Chamberlin, 1919
Treadwellius Salazar-Vallejo, 2011
Trophoniella Hartman, 1959 (includes Therochaetella Hartman, 1967)

The first species was Amphridite plumosa, described from Norway. Flabelligerids were placed in various similar polychaete families until Saint-Joseph erected the family (under the name Flabelligeriens) in 1894.^[5]^[7]

Mazopherusa is a possible fossil example from the Carboniferous; other fossil material is only dubiously assigned to the family.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Westheide, Wilfried; Purschke, Günter; Bleidorn, Christoph; Helm, Conrad; Mackie, Andrew S.Y.; Böggemann, Markus; Blake, James A.; Ebbe, Brigitte; Zhadan, Anna E.; Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.; Dean, Harlan K.; Magalhães, Wagner; Martínez, Alejandro; Worsaae, Katrine; Núñez, Jorge; Fiege, Dieter; Maciolek, Nancy J. (2019). "7. Pleistoannelida". In Purschke, Günter; Böggemann, Markus; Westheide, Wilfried (eds.). Annelida Basal Groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I. Vol. 1. De Gruyter. pp. 398–421. doi:10.1515/9783110291582-007. ISBN 9783110291582. S2CID 243185961.
^ Oug, Eivind & Bakken, Torkild & Kongsrud, Jon. (2011). Guide to identification of Flabelligeridae (Polychaeta) in Norwegian and adjacent waters.
^ Purschke, Günter; Vodopyanov, Stepan; Baller, Anjilie; von Palubitzki, Tim; Bartolomaeus, Thomas; Beckers, Patrick (2022-01-25). "Ultrastructure of cerebral eyes in Oweniidae and Chaetopteridae (Annelida) – implications for the evolution of eyes in Annelida". Zoological Letters. 8 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s40851-022-00188-0. ISSN 2056-306X. PMC 8787891. PMID 35078543.
^ Vodopyanov, Stepan; Purschke, Günter (2017-09-01). "Fine structure of the cerebral eyes in Flabelligera affinis (Annelida, Sedentaria, Cirratuliformia): new data prove the existence of typical converse annelid multicellular eyes in a sedentary polychaete". Zoomorphology. 136 (3): 307–325. doi:10.1007/s00435-017-0350-2. ISSN 1432-234X. S2CID 253982132.
^ ^a ^b Rouse, Gregory; Pleijel, Fredrik (2001-10-11). Polychaetes. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-850608-9.
^ Jimi, Naoto; Hasegawa, Naohiro; Taru, Masanori; Oya, Yuki; Kohtsuka, Hisanori; Shinji, Tsuchida; Fujiwara, Yoshihiro; Woo, Sau Pinn (15 Apr 2022). "Five New Species of Flabelligera (Flabelligeridae: Annelida) from Japan". Species Diversity. 27: 101–111. doi:10.12782/specdiv.27.101. S2CID 248191534.
^ "Flabelligeridae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2023-01-17.

[Westheide2019-1] Westheide, Wilfried; Purschke, Günter; Bleidorn, Christoph; Helm, Conrad; Mackie, Andrew S.Y.; Böggemann, Markus; Blake, James A.; Ebbe, Brigitte; Zhadan, Anna E.; Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I.; Dean, Harlan K.; Magalhães, Wagner; Martínez, Alejandro; Worsaae, Katrine; Núñez, Jorge; Fiege, Dieter; Maciolek, Nancy J. (2019). "7. Pleistoannelida". In Purschke, Günter; Böggemann, Markus; Westheide, Wilfried (eds.). Annelida Basal Groups and Pleistoannelida, Sedentaria I. Vol. 1. De Gruyter. pp. 398–421. doi:10.1515/9783110291582-007. ISBN 9783110291582. S2CID 243185961.

[2] Oug, Eivind & Bakken, Torkild & Kongsrud, Jon. (2011). Guide to identification of Flabelligeridae (Polychaeta) in Norwegian and adjacent waters.

[3] Purschke, Günter; Vodopyanov, Stepan; Baller, Anjilie; von Palubitzki, Tim; Bartolomaeus, Thomas; Beckers, Patrick (2022-01-25). "Ultrastructure of cerebral eyes in Oweniidae and Chaetopteridae (Annelida) – implications for the evolution of eyes in Annelida". Zoological Letters. 8 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/s40851-022-00188-0. ISSN 2056-306X. PMC 8787891. PMID 35078543.

[4] Vodopyanov, Stepan; Purschke, Günter (2017-09-01). "Fine structure of the cerebral eyes in Flabelligera affinis (Annelida, Sedentaria, Cirratuliformia): new data prove the existence of typical converse annelid multicellular eyes in a sedentary polychaete". Zoomorphology. 136 (3): 307–325. doi:10.1007/s00435-017-0350-2. ISSN 1432-234X. S2CID 253982132.

[:0-5] Rouse, Gregory; Pleijel, Fredrik (2001-10-11). Polychaetes. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-850608-9.

[6] Jimi, Naoto; Hasegawa, Naohiro; Taru, Masanori; Oya, Yuki; Kohtsuka, Hisanori; Shinji, Tsuchida; Fujiwara, Yoshihiro; Woo, Sau Pinn (15 Apr 2022). "Five New Species of Flabelligera (Flabelligeridae: Annelida) from Japan". Species Diversity. 27: 101–111. doi:10.12782/specdiv.27.101. S2CID 248191534.

[7] "Flabelligeridae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2023-01-17.

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