Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)
| Political violence in Germany (1918–1933) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the interwar period | ||||||||
 Johann Lehner (*1901) photographed with government troops on May 3, 1919, moments before they murdered him because they had mistaken him for a Bavarian Soviet Republic official. | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| Belligerents | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
 Friedrich Ebert Paul von Hindenburg |
 Rosa Luxemburg † Paul Levi Karl Radek Ernst Thälmann Kurt Eisner † Ernst Toller Gustav Landauer † Eugen Leviné † Erich Mühsam |
  Erich Ludendorff Wolfgang Kapp Hermann Ehrhardt Alfred Hugenberg Adolf Hitler Ernst Röhm | ||||||
Germany saw significant political violence from the fall of the Empire and the rise of the Republic through the German Revolution of 1918–1919, until the rise of the Nazi Party to power with 1933 elections and proclamate Enabling Act of 1933 that fully broke down all opposition. The violence was characterised by assassinations by and confrontations between right-wing groups such as the Freikorps (sometimes in collusion with the state), and left-wing organisations such as the Communist Party of Germany.[1]
Further reading
- Blasius, Dirk (2008). Weimars Ende. Bürgerkrieg und Politik 1930-1933 [The end of Weimar. Civil war and politics 1930-1933] (Paperback ed.). Frankfurt: S. Fischer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-596-17503-1.
- Brown, Timothy S. 2009. Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance. Berghahn.
- Schumann, Dirk. 2009. Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918-1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War. Berghahn.
See also
- Adolf Hitler's rise to power
- Beer Hall Putsch
- German Revolution of 1918–1919
- Revolutions of 1917–1923
References
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