Tristram's starling

Tristram's Starling
	Tristam's starlings at the Masada in Israel.
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Sturnidae
Genus:	Onychognathus
Species:	O. tristramii
Binomial name
	Onychognathus tristramii; (Sclater, 1858)

Tristram's Starling or Tristram's Grackle (Onychognathus tristramii) is native to Israel, Jordan, northeastern Egypt (Sinai Peninsula), western Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, nesting mainly on rocky cliff faces.^[1]

A member of the starling family, it is 25 cm long (including a 9 cm tail), with a wingspan of 44–45 cm, and a weight of 100-140 g. The males have glossy iridescent black plumage with orange patches on the outer wing, which are particularly noticeable in flight. The bill and legs are black. Females and young birds are similar but duller and with a greyish head, lacking the plumage gloss.^[1]^[2]

It is gregarious and noisy, with a call that resembles a wolf-whistle. They are omnivorous, feeding on fruit and invertebrates, and can also be observed grooming Nubian Ibex and domestic livestock for parasites. They are becoming increasingly commensal with man, feeding in towns and villages; this has enabled a recent northward spread in their distribution.^[1]

The species is named after Reverend Henry Baker Tristram.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Snow, D. W. & Perrins, C. M. (1998). The Birds of the Western Palearctic Concise Edition. OUP ISBN 0-19-854099-X.
^ Mullarney, K., Svensson, L., Zetterström, D., & Grant, P. J. (1999). Collins Bird Guide. Harper Collins, London. ISBN 0-00-219728-6.

This Sturnidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[bwpc-1] Snow, D. W. & Perrins, C. M. (1998). The Birds of the Western Palearctic Concise Edition. OUP ISBN 0-19-854099-X.

[birdguide-2] Mullarney, K., Svensson, L., Zetterström, D., & Grant, P. J. (1999). Collins Bird Guide. Harper Collins, London. ISBN 0-00-219728-6.

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