Ue (Mongolic)

Ue
Ue
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
	v; t; e;

Ue is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language

Letter^[2]^{: 17, 20}^[3]^: 546
ü	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
ᠦ^[a]	Alone
ᠦ‍	Initial
‍ᠦ᠋‍	Medial (word-initial syllable)
‍ᠦ‍	Medial (subsequent syllables)
‍ᠦ	Final

Ligatures^[2]^{: 22–23, 24–25}^[3]^: 546
bü	pü	kü, gü	Transliteration
ᠪᠦ	ᠫᠦ	ᠭᠦ^⟨?⟩ (w/o tail)^[b]	Alone
ᠪᠦ	ᠫᠦ	ᠭᠦ᠋^⟨?⟩ (w/ tail)	Alone
ᠪᠦ‍	ᠫᠦ‍	ᠭᠦ‍	Initial
‍ᠪᠦ‍	‍ᠫᠦ‍	‍ᠭᠦ‍	Medial
‍ᠪᠦ	‍ᠫᠦ	‍ᠭᠦ	Final

Separated suffixes^{[note 2]}
‑ü(...)	‑ü	‑ün	‑ügei	‑üd	Transliteration
	ᠦ^⟨?⟩	—	—	—	Whole
	—	ᠦᠨ^⟨?⟩	—	ᠦᠳ^⟨?⟩
	—	—	ᠦᠭᠡᠢ^⟨?⟩	—

Transcribes Chakhar /u/;^[9]^[10] Khalkha /u/, /ə/, and /∅/.^[11]^: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter ү.^[12]^[4]
Indistinguishable from ö.^[2]^: 20^[7]^: 9–10
‍ᠦ᠋ = an alternative final form; also used in loanwords.^[13]^: 39 Additionally used in native and modern Mongolian ᠰᠦ᠋^⟨?⟩ sü 'milk' (Classical Mongolian ᠰᠦ^⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ sü or ᠰᠦᠨ sün).^[6]^{: 741, 744}^[13]^: 39
The syllable-initial medial form ‍ᠦ᠋‍ is also used in non-initial syllables in proper name compounds,^[13]^: 44 as well as in loanwords.^{[citation needed]}
‍ᠦ᠌‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.^[13]^: 44
Derived from Old Uyghur waw (𐽳), followed by a yodh (𐽶) in word-initial syllables, and preceded by an aleph (𐽰) for isolate and initial forms.^[3]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[14]^{: 111, 113}^[13]^: 35
Produced with U using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[15]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, ü comes after ö and before ē.

Notes

^ As in ᠡᠭᠦᠦ/ᠦ egüü/ü (үү üü) 'wart; excrescence'.^[6]^{: 303, 995}
^ As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ^⟨?⟩ kü (хүү khüü) particle,^[6]^: 494^[7]^: 46 or ᠬᠥ^⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.^[6]^{: 475, 478}

^ Scholarly transliteration.^[4]
^ Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter ü include:  ᠦ^⟨?⟩ ‑ü or  ᠦᠨ^⟨?⟩ ‑ün (genitive),  ᠦᠭᠡᠢ^⟨?⟩ ‑ügei (negation), and  ᠦᠳ^⟨?⟩ ‑üd (plural).^[8]

References

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ "University of Virginia: Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[5]
^ ^a ^b Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.
^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[8] As in ᠡᠭᠦᠦ/ᠦ egüü/ü (үү üü) 'wart; excrescence'.^[6]^{: 303, 995}

[10] As in the strengthening (emphatic) ᠭᠦ^⟨?⟩ kü (хүү khüü) particle,^[6]^: 494^[7]^: 46 or ᠬᠥ^⟨?⟩/ᠬᠥᠭᠡ kö/köge (хөө khöö) 'soot; obstacle, hindrance; trouble', or 'ring of mail'.^[6]^{: 475, 478}

[5] Scholarly transliteration.^[4]

[12] Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter ü include:  ᠦ^⟨?⟩ ‑ü or  ᠦᠨ^⟨?⟩ ‑ün (genitive),  ᠦᠭᠡᠢ^⟨?⟩ ‑ügei (negation), and  ᠦᠳ^⟨?⟩ ‑üd (plural).^[8]

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[EKIMn2006-4] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[6] "University of Virginia: Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2021-02-22.

[Lessing1960-7] Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[5]

[Grønbech1993-9] Grønbech, Kaare; Krueger, John Richard (1993). An Introduction to Classical (literary) Mongolian: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, Glossary. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-03298-8.

[11] "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.

[CJVLang2013-13] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-14] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Svantesson2005-15] Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.

[Skorodumova2000-16] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[Janhunen2006-17] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[Clauson2005-18] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[19] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

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