Jael: Difference between revisions
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Pickles are yummy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 |
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{{Other uses|Yael (name)}} |
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{{Infobox person |
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| name = Yael |
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| image = Tissot Jael Smote Sisera, and Slew Him.jpg |
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| image_size = |
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| alt = |
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| caption = "Jael Smote Sisera, and Slew Him," by [[James Tissot]] in the collection of the [[Jewish Museum (New York)]]. |
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| occupation = |
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| nationality = [[Kenites|Kenite]] |
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| residence = Tent in the plain of [[Zaanaim]], near [[Kedesh]]. |
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| other_names = Jael, Ya'el |
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| spouse = [[Heber the Kenite]] |
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}} |
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[[Image:Palma il Giovane Giaele uccide Sisara.jpg|thumb|''Yael Killing Sisera'', by [[Palma the Younger]].|230px]] |
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'''Yael''' (or alternately, '''Jael''') ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] '''Ya'el''', יעל, the Hebrew name of the [[Nubian Ibex]]) is a character mentioned in the [[Book of Judges]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]], as the [[heroine]] who killed [[Sisera]] to deliver Israel from the troops of king [[Jabin]]. She was the wife of [[Heber the Kenite]]. |
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==Yael in the book of Judges== |
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God told [[Deborah]] (a prophetess and leader) that she would deliver Israel from Jabin. Deborah called [[Barak]] to make up an army to lead into battle against Jabin on the plain of [[Esdraelon]]. But Barak demanded that Deborah would accompany him into the battle. Deborah agreed but prophesied that the honour of the killing of the other army's captain would be given to a woman. Jabin's army was led by Sisera (Judg. 4:2), who fled the battle after all was lost. |
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Yael received the fleeing Sisera at the settlement of [[Heber the Kenite|Heber]] on the plain of [[Zaanaim]]. Yael welcomed him into her tent with apparent hospitality. She 'gave him milk' 'in a lordly dish'. Having drunk the refreshing beverage, he lay down and soon sank into the sleep of the weary. While he lay asleep Yael crept stealthily up to him, holding a tent peg and a mallet. She drove it through his temples with such force that it entered into the ground below. And 'at her feet he bowed, he fell; where he bowed, there he fell down dead'. |
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As a result of the killing of Sisera, God gave the victory to Israel. Yael is considered "blessed", according to the text, because of her action. Deborah's song (Judg. 5:23-27) that refers to the death of Sisera: |
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::"Extolled above women be Jael, |
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::The wife of Heber the Kenite, |
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::Extolled above women in the tent. |
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::He asked for water, she gave him milk; |
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::She brought him cream in a lordly dish. |
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::She stretched forth her hand to the nail, |
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::Her right hand to the workman's hammer, |
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::And she smote Sisera; she crushed his head, |
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::She crashed through and transfixed his temples. |
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::At her feet he curled himself, he fell, he lay still; |
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::At her feet he curled himself, he fell; |
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::And where he curled himself, let it be, there he fell dead." |
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Scholars{{specify|date=December 2010}} have long recognised that the [[Song of Deborah]], on the basis of linguistic evidence (archaic biblical Hebrew), is one of the oldest parts of the Bible.<ref>Coogan, M. A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: The Hebrew Bible in its Context. (Oxford University Press: Oxford 2009), 180.</ref> A similar story is explored in the [[Deuterocanonical books|deuterocanonical]] Book of [[Judith]]. |
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"Yael" as a given name was not common among Jews prior to the advent of [[Zionism]];{{What|date=July 2011}}{{Specify|date=December 2010}}{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} in contemporary [[Israel]], however, it is among the most common female given names (see [[Yael (name)]]). |
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== Extra-biblical references== |
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[[File:JaelSisera.jpg|thumb|right|Jan Saenredam engraving picturing Yael killing Sisera]] |
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[[Pseudo-Philo]] refers to Yael in the book, Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum: |
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<blockquote> |
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<p>Now Jael took a stake in her left hand and approached him, saying, “If God will work this sign with me, I know that Sisera will fall into my hands. Behold I will throw him down on the ground from the bed on which he sleeps; and if he does not feel it, I know that he has been handed over.” And Jael took Sisera and pushed him onto the ground from the bed. But he did not feel it, because he was very groggy.</p> |
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<p>And Jael said, “Strengthen in me today, Lord, my arm on account of you and your people and those who hope in you.” And Jael took the stake and put it on his temple and struck it with a hammer.</p> |
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<p>And while he was dying, Sisera said to Jael, “Behold pain has taken hold of me, Jael, and I die like a woman.”</p> |
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<p>And Jael said to him, “Go, boast before your father in hell and tell him that you have fallen into the hands of a woman.”<ref>{{cite book |
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| last = Charlesworth |
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| first = James |
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| authorlink = |
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| coauthors = |
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| title = Pseudo-Philo, Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum 31.7, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Vol. 2: |
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| publisher = Anchor Bible |
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| year = 1985 |
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| location = |
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| page = 1056 |
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| url = |
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| doi = |
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| id = |
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| isbn = 0385188137 }}</ref> |
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</blockquote> |
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==In popular culture== |
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[[File:Dormition Church P8050067.JPG|thumb|right|Mosaic at the [[Hagia Maria Sion Abbey|Dormition Church]] in [[Jerusalem]]]] |
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* Yael is portrayed in the French silent film ''[[Jaël et Sisera]]'' (1911), directed by [[Henri Andréani]].<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0478174/ Jaël et Sisera at IMDb.com], December 15, 2010.</ref> |
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== See also == |
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* [[Assassination]] |
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* [[Shamgar]] contemporary with Deborah. |
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* [[Animal names as first names in Hebrew]] |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Commons category|Jael and Sisera}} |
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{{eastons}} |
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{{Persondata |
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|name=Yael |
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|alternative names=Jael |
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|short description= |
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|date of birth= |
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|place of birth= |
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|date of death= |
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|place of death= |
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}} |
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[[Category:12th-century BC women]] |
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[[Category:Assassins]] |
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[[Category:Biblical women in ancient warfare]] |
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[[Category:Book of Judges]] |
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[[Category:Hebrew Bible people]] |
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[[Category:Hebrew-language names]] |
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[[Category:Women in the Bible]] |
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[[ca:Jael]] |
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[[de:Jaël]] |
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[[es:Jael]] |
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[[fr:Yaël (Bible)]] |
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[[id:Yael]] |
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[[it:Giaele]] |
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[[he:יעל אשת חבר הקיני]] |
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[[nl:Yael]] |
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[[pl:Jael]] |
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[[ru:Иаиль]] |
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[[sh:Jael]] |
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[[zh:雅亿]] |
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Revision as of 16:19, 27 September 2011
Pickles are yummy!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1